（中考英语语法）语法专题十二 简单句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）

（中考英语语法）语法专题十二简单句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）（中考英语语法）语法专题十二简单句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）/（中考英语语法）语法专题十二简单句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）语法专题十二、简单句考点考点精讲英语句子以谓语动词为中心,前面是动作的执行者主语(被动语态除外)后面是动作的承受者.简单句指的是只含有一个谓语的句子;含有两个及以上谓语的就是复合句(后面专题待续).英语的句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.英语的基本成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等.主语(Subject)是句子的主题,是说明的对象.一般为名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句;置于句首.谓语(Verb动词),用于说明或描述主语的行为动作或状态.由动词或动词短语充当;在句子中位于主语之后.宾语(Object)表示动作支配的对象,有单宾语、双宾语之分;双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语.宾语可以由名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等充当;一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面.表语(Predicative)说明主语的身份、特征或状态.可以由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)等充当;在句中位于系动词之后.定语(attribute)是用于修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句,可分为前置定语和后置定语.一般由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、分词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、从句等充当.状语(adverbial)用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征.可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步等;其位置非常灵活.补语(Complement)用于补充说明主语或宾语的,最常用的是宾语补足语.宾语补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、介词(短语)等充当.2．英语简单句的六种基本句型=1\*GB3①主语+系动词+表语S十V十P主系表结构Englishisveryeasy.

英语很容易.(be动词)Itsmellsdelicious.

它闻起来好香.(感官动词,smell,taste,look,sound,feel)Thefoodhasgonebad.食物已经变质了.(表示转变或结果的动词,becomegetgrowturngocomeprove等等.)=2\*GB3②主语+谓语(不及物动词)S十V主谓结构Therainhasstopped.雨已经停了.Everybodylaughed.大家都笑了.=3\*GB3③主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语S十V十O主谓宾结构Shelikestheflowers.

她喜欢这些花.Dadboughtacar.

父亲买了辆汽车.=4\*GB3④主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构Hegavemeanapple.他给了我一只苹果.注意：这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指"人”直接宾语常常指"物”.=5\*GB3⑤主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构Hetoldmetostayhome.他叫我呆在家里.说明：1.S主语V谓语P表语O宾语O1间接宾语O2直接宾语C宾语补足语2.上述各例都简化到了最低限度,在此基础上,我们可以加上一些修饰成分(时间、地点、方式等状语)使句子变得更复杂,表达更丰富的内容,.如：Everybodylaughedhappily.每个人都开心地笑了.Imetheronmywaytoschool.在我上学的路上我遇见了她.Thefirstbookcameoutin2012.第一本书出版于2012年.=6\*GB3⑥therebe句型"Therebe＋主语＋地点／时间状语”表示"某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”.这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语.谓语动词的形式取决于离它最近的主语,就近原则.Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.Therearetwobananasandoneappleonthetable.根据以上论述,分析下列句子结构.如：Doingmorningexercisesbenefitsourhealth.S十V十O主语谓语宾语(1)Iwroteapassagelastnight.(2)Someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.(3)MyparentsandIhavecleanedthehousejustnow.(4)Weoftenfeelcomfortableinthemoonlight.【答案】I(主语)wrote(谓语)apassage(宾语)lastnight(状语).S十V十OSomeoneinyourclass(主语)phoned(谓语)you(宾语)thismorning(状语).S十V十OMyparentsandI(主语)havecleaned(谓语)thehouse(宾语)justnow(状语).S十V十O(4)We(主语)oftenfeel(系动词)comfortable(表语)inthemoonlight(状).S十V十P3.常见的简单句特殊句型(1)选择疑问句=1\*GB3①"一般疑问句+选项1+or+选项2?IsthisbyStraussorMozart?这曲子是由施特劳斯还是莫扎特创作的?②特殊疑问句+选项1+or+选项2?WhowroteTheBlueDanube,MozartorStrauss?谁创作的《蓝色多瑙河》,莫扎特还是施特劳斯?(如果是三种选项或更多,则在最后两项间加or)Wouldyoulikecoffee,teaorsoda?(前后均为名词)你想喝咖啡、茶还是苏打水?【注意1】选择疑问句中的or可以连接不同的内容：两个名词、动词、介词短语等等,但通常是并列结构,即前后一致的结构.ShouldIcalloremailyou?(连接两个动词)我应该给你打电话还是发电子邮件?Didyoucomeherebybusorbycar?(连接两个介词短语)你是坐公交车还是开车过来的?小贴士：读这类句子时,语调是前升后降.、【注意2】不能用yes或no回答.如：—DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?—IlikeEnglish.(2)反意疑问句反意疑问句是一种先提出情况或看法,然后要求对方表示赞成或不赞成的问句.它一般有两种形式结构：肯定陈述句＋否定的简短问句(前肯后否);否定陈述句＋肯定的简短问句(前否后肯).ThisisWesternmusic,isn’tit?这是西方音乐,不是吗?Youlistentopopmusic,Lingling,don’tyou?你听流行乐,不是吗?注意1：简短问句的结构为"助动词／情态动词／连系动词be(或它们的否定形式)＋与主语相对应的代词”,助动词、情态动词、连系动词be在时态上要与前面的陈述句保持一致,在数上要与后面的代词保持一致.－YouarefromRussia,aren'tyou?你来自俄罗斯,是不是?－Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.是的,我是.／不,我不是－Thegirlwon'tgototheforest,willshe?那个女孩不会去森林了,对吧?－Yes,shewill./No,shewon't.不,她会去.／是的,她不会去.注意2：回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实回答,事实是肯定的用"Yes+肯定的简短答话.”,事实是否定的用"No+否定的简短答语,”在回答"前否后肯”型反意疑问句时,yes译为"不”,no译为"是的”.—YouarenotfromRussia,areyou?你不是来自俄罗斯,是吗?—Yes,Iam.不,我来自俄罗斯.—No,I’mnot.是的,我不是来自俄罗斯.［拓展］当陈述句中含有littlehardlyneverfewnothingnobody等否定词时,句子表达否定意义,后面的简短问句要用肯定形式.Thereisnothinginthebottle,isthere?瓶子里什么都没有,是吗?助记：反意疑问句前肯后否,前否后肯;有情用情,有系用系;无情无系,借用助动.(3)祈使句祈使句是表示请求或命令的句子.最常考的是动词原形开头的祈使句.肯定式：以"动词原形”开头.PleasespeakEnglishloudly.否定式："Don't＋动词原形”开头.Pleasedon'ttalkinclass.(4)感叹句感叹句是用来表示强烈的感情,句末用感叹号(!),通常由how或what引导.结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他!What＋形容词＋不可数名词/名词复数＋主语＋谓语+其他!What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语+其他!如：Howbeautifullyhesings!他唱歌多美妙啊!Whatbadweatheritis!天气真糟糕!(5)倒装句倒装句,也叫谓语前置,是为了强调、突出某一句子成分而颠倒原来的语序.初中阶段主要考查的是so/neither开头的倒装句.=1\*GB3①So＋连系动词/情态动词/助动词＋另一主语.表示”…也一样”(两个不同主语);Neither/Nor＋连/情/助＋另一主语.表示也不(两个不同主语);如：—Tomdrewverywell.—SodidI.(Tom画画好,我也一样)—Tomdidn’tverywell.—Neither/NordidI.(Tom画画不好,我也不好)=2\*GB3②so＋前面的同一主语＋连系动词/情态动词/助动词.表示确实如此(同一主语).如：—JimdidverywellinthisEnglishtest.—Sohedid.(Jim英语考试成绩好.他确实如此)考点精练考点精练中考语法—简单句专项练习(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分.)1.Whatisthesentencepatternof"IloveEnglish．"?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC2.Whatisthesentencepattern(句型)ofthesentence"Lindaboughta

bookyesterday."?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC3.The

structure

of

the

sentence"The

students

visited

the

museum"is

​​​​​​​.A.S+V B.S+V+DO C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC4.You

should

take

an

umbrella

with

you

when

you

go

out．A.谓语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.定语5.It

was

raining

hard

when

we

arrived．A.谓语 B.表语 C.主语 D.宾语6.Myfathergaveme

fifteenyuan

tobuyanEnglishdictionary.A.宾补 B.状语 C.间宾 D.直宾7.I

don't

know

how

to

deal

with

the

problem．A.状语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾补8.Did

she

ask

her

students

not

to

make

noise

in

the

hall?A.表语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补9.Many

animals

are

in

danger．

We

must

protect

them．A.表语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.主语10.I

lost

my

student

ID

card

yesterday．A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾补11.______excitingboatraceitwas!Manypeoplewatchedit.A.Whata B.Whatan C.How D.Howa12.______throwingthosestones,please.A.Stop B.Stops C.Stopping D.Stopped13.______greatnewsitis!We'llhaveaschooltripnextweek.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How14.—Hehasmademanyfriendssincehecameherethreeweeksago.—______outgoingboyheis!A.How

a B.How C.What

a D.What

an15.—

is

it

from

your

school

to

the

bus

stop?—It's

about

5

minutes'

walk.A.How

often B.How

long C.How

soon D.How

far16.______wonderfulspeechEmmagaveattheUNconference!A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan17.﹣Wepickedapplesonthefarmandhadfunyesterday.﹣_____wonderfuldayitwas!

A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata18.—There________atalkbyZhongNanshaninourschooltomorrowafternoon.—Great!Wecan’twait!A.is B.was C.willbe D.willhave19.—________wonderfultheopeningoftheBeijingWinterOlympicsis!—Soitis.A.Howa B.How C.Whata D.What20.—Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.MoreandmoreforeignpeoplearelearningChinese.—______proudweare!Wedon’tregretbeingChinese.A.Whata B.How C.What D.Howa21.Studyhard,_____youwillnothaveagoodresultintheexam.A.so B.or C.but D.and22._____fineweatheritis!Let'sgoonapicnic!A.What B.What

a C.How D.How

a23.Jeanknewnothingaboutthenewsuntilheraunttoldher,______?A.didn'tshe B.didshe C.didn'tJean D.don't

they24.Heisathome,______?A.ishe B.doeshe C.doesn’the D.isn’the25.Gotobuysomeicecream,______?A.willyou B.doyou C.shallwe D.arewe26.—Don’tstayuptoolate,______?—______.Iwillsleepbefore10：00.A.willyou;Yes,Iwill B.won’tyou;No,Iwon’tC.willyou;No,Iwon’t D.won’tyou;Yes,Iwill27.Tomalwayseatsjunkfood,______?A.isn’the B.ishe C.doesn’the D.doeshe28.—Hedoesn’tlikeSouthKoreaoperas,

______?—

_____.Hethinksitisawasteoftime.A.doesn't

he;Yes,he

does B.does

he;Yes,he

doesC.doesn't

he;No,he

doesn't D.doeshe;No,he

doesn't29.Let'sgoouttoplayfootball,______?A.willyou B.won’tyou C.shallwe D.arewe30.______clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.A.What B.How

a C.How D.What

a31.-LiPing,Ididn'tgosummercampinglastyear.-_____.A.So

did

I B.Neither

did

I C.Neither

I

did D.So

I

did32.

afreshspringmorningitis!A.Who B.Why C.What D.How33.—Tomdidn'tgoforapicnicyesterday.—____.A.SodidI B.SoIdid C.NeitherdidI D.NeitherIdid34.Tomnevertellsalietopeople.______honestboyheis!A.How B.How

a C.What

an D.What35.—Wow!

beautiful

the

musicis!—Yes．That's

myfavorite．A.What B.What

a C.What

an D.How36.________ajobyoulove,andyou'llneverworkadayinyourlife．A.Find B.Found C.Finds D.To

find37.________funnythe3Dmovieis!Ireallyenjoyit．A.How B.What C.How

a D.What

a38.There_______aconcerttobeshowninHongKongnextweek．A.will

have B.is C.will

be D.has39._______musicsheisplaying!A.Whatnice B.Hownice C.Whatanice D.Hownicea40.He

can

hardly

stay

awake

because

he

is

so

tired．______?A.does

he B.isn't

he C.can't

he D.can

he41.