初中完型填空题解题技巧

初中完型填空题解题技巧

一、完形填空的特点是什么？

完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断

能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔

25个词左右设一空。人名、地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越

难；反之亦然。

文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代

词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得

字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，

然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个

显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言

情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。

二、完形填空题的设置方法

1.句子层次的设空(从词汇、惯用法，语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计)

指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目，包括词义识别，同

义词辨析，英语惯用法，语法规则的实际应用。

例1：Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff,rememberto86.Getintothehabitof(养成...

的习惯)takingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen.Beforelongyou'llbedoingit

withoutthinking.

()86.A.hangthemupB.leavethemaloneC.putthemonD.

throwthemaway

例2：OnlyMother'sLoveistruelove.Shegivesyoueverythingallherlife.When

youareababy,motherlooksafteryou16.Inyourwakinghoursshealways

holdsyouinherarms.Whenyouareill,she17herworkrightawaytolook

afteryou.Whenyouaregrowingup,shefeelsj8.

()16.A.carefulB.carefullyC.goodD.badly

()17.A.doesB.goesonC.stopsD.likes

()18.A.sadB.sillyC.upsetD.happy

2.句群层次的设空(从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)’

指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较

难，但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑，一定能选出正确的答案。

①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。

例1：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whata

terribleidea!ItmeantIhadtoinfrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmy

school!

A.writeB.speakC.singD.dance

例2：Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents.Oneminutethey'refriendly,

thenextminutethey'reshoutingandscreaming(尖叫)loudlyenoughforthewhole

streettohear.Sowhomakesthemso85.You,probably!

()85.A.friendlyB.lonelyC.changeableD.comfortable(舒

适的)J

②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目，即在下文某

处有提示。

例1：Nobodyhiminthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,UIknowyoudon't

likeme

A.believedB.likedC.hatedD.knew

例2：Countrymusiccomesfrom____kindsofmusic.Oneisthetraditionalmusicof

tallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.Theotheristraditionalcowboy

musicfromtheAmericanWest.

A.manyB.allC.twoD.three

Eventhoughyoumaynotrealize（意识至U）it,yourparentshaveboughtyou

manyclothes.Butthey'renotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek,arethey?

Thesimpletruthisthattherearemore87thingstospendmoneyon,likethe

electricity（电）billandfood.

（）87.A.interestingB.difficultC.importantD.

surprising

3.语篇性设空（从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力）

指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度

较高，需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择，这种题目主

要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数，但题目不会太多。

例：Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents....Youmightnotwanttoeat,but

thinkofitfromtheparents'pointofview.Ifyoucooktwomealsaday,itmeans730

mealsayear.Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget?Imaginehowyourparents

feelwhenyousayyou'renotreallyhungry.90,yourparentsareprobablyworried

thatyouaren'teatingenough.

（）90.A.InadditionB.InreturnC.AtmostD.

Atlast

三、完形填空解题步骤与要领

第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意

「细读首句：明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。

1跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。

L生词的处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。

第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。

厂答案要求语法正确，搭配无误，结构完整，意思通顺，前后一致，逻辑得当。

怎样分析：rA.从空格所在的句子单独考虑。

TB.从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。

LC.从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。

思路一：分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。

思路二：理解句子含义,判断句义关系,从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。

思路三：把握整体意思,寻找答题线索,从上下文考虑。

I思路四：结合前后语境,进行逻辑推理,从日常生活常识考虑。

第三步：复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。

▲怎样验证答案:

「①所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。

②具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。

③语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。

④在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。

四、具体的解题方法与技巧

在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知

识进行解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。

(1)语意第一，语法第二原则。根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，

分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。

例1:Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgarden

andtalkingabout.

A.treesB.flowersC.childrenD.oldpeople

【点拨】【Ayoungfatherwasvisitinganoldneighbor.Theywerestandingintheoldman'sgarden,

andtalkingabout.Theyoungmansaid,"Howstrictshouldparentsbewiththeir

children?]

例2：LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs.Twoweekslater,littleTom

foundsomechicksoutoftheshells(蛋壳).

A.walkedB.ranC.jumpedD.struggled

例3:IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedtoamodel

planeandwenttotheshopwiththemoney

A.sellB.buyC.holdD.bring

(2)语法正确，注意细节的原则。

在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方

面选择正确答案。如：

例1:Onenightthedogbegantobarksuddenly.ItmadeMrErens①tosleep.Hehad

togetupandtriedhis__②tostopit,butthebeastwouldn'tstop，andkepton

①A.gonotB.notgoC.nottogoD.tonotgo

②A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best

③A上arkB.tobarkCLbarkingD.barked

例2：MrEvansisanoldmanofaboutsixty,Hiswifediedafewyearsago.Hischildren

himbythen.

A.leftB.wouldleaveC.haveleftD.hadleft?

（3）从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。

a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。

b.动词的选择，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。

考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。

c.介词的选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。

d.代词的选择，要注意性（男或女）、数（单复数）、格（主格、宾格、形代、名代）是否准确。

e.连词的选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。

f.形容词和副词的选择，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意比较级和最高级等。

例如：Amanandhiswifehadasmallbar（酒吧）nearastation.Theyoftenworkedlateintothe

night,①peoplecametodrinktherewhiletheywere②trains.Attwoo'clock

onemorning,onemanwasstillatatableinthesmallbar.Hewasasleep.Thebarman'swife

wantedtoleave.Shelooked③thebarseveraltimes，andeachtimethemanwas④

there,Thenatlastshewenttoherhusbandandsaidtohim,"You⑤_thatmansix

times,George,⑥_heisn'tdrinkinganything?"?

①A.assoonasB.becauseC.so

D.though

②A.catchingupwithB.gettingonC.lookingafter

D.waitingfor

③A.atB.forC.intoD.outof

©A.alwaysB.oftenC.still

D.already

⑤A.havewokenB.wakeC.hadwokenD.will

wake

@A.andB.butC.yetD.too

五、【实例讲解】

【快U1】LastyearIboughtsomeflowerpots(花盆).Ididn't_41—thematonce.

Oneday,Iwenttoashop_42someflowerseeds(种子).ThenIputthemintoa

potwithsoil(土壤)andwateredthem.Forafewdays,___43happened.Iwent

onwatching.Onthe44___day,Ifinallysawtheseedsdevelopandfeltso

—45.

Ourlifeissometimeslikean46flowerpotwithnothinginside.Ourdays

arefilledwithlotsofdifferentthings.Weusuallydon'tdothem47wethink

they'renotveryimportant.But___48___wefindthatsomeimportantthingsaregone.

Thosethingsweloseinlifeareseedsofhope,loveanddreams.

Plantingfuninheartsisjustlike_49flowers.Theseedsoffuninheartswill

developastheseedsofflowers.SoifIplant_50—ofhope,Icanexpectsomething

wonderful.(2012年昆明市学业水平考试)

()41.A.makeB.useC.buy

()42.A.forB.byC.without

()43.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothing

()44.A.tenthB.tenC.twelve

()45.A.worriedB.happyC.tired

()46.A.bigB.colorfulC.empty

()47.A.soB.thatC.because

()48.A.whenB.afterC.later

()49.A.keepingB.growingC.watering

()50.A.seedsB.soilC.pots

[例2]Differentthingsusuallystandfordifferentfeelings.Red,forexample,isthecoloroffire,

heat,bloodandlife.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociate(使发生联系)

redwithastrongfeelinglike1Redisusedforsignsof2,suchasSTOPsignsandfire

engines.Orangeisthebright,warmcolorof3inautumn.Peoplesayorangeisa4color.

Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.Yellowisthecolorof5.Peoplesayitisacheerful

color.Theyassociateyellowtoo,withhappiness.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassin6.People

sayitisarefreshingcolor.Ingeneral,people7twogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcool

colors.Thewarmcolorsarered,orangeand8.Wheretherearewarmcolorandalotoflight,

peopleusuallywanttobe9.Thosewholiketobewith10likered.Thecoolcolorsare

11andblue.Wherearethesecolors,peopleareusuallyworried.Somescientistssaythattime

seemsto12moreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolors.Theysuggestthatawarmcolorisa

good13foralivingroomora14.Peoplewhoarehavingarestorareeatingdonotwant

timetopassquickly.15colorsarebetterforsomeofficesifthepeopleworkingtherewant

timetopassquickly.

()1.A.sadnessB.angerC.administrationD.smile

()2.A.roadsB.waysC.dangerD.places

()3.A.landB.leavesC.grassD.mountains

()4.A.livelyB.darkC.noisyD.frightening

()5.A.moonlightB.lightC.sunlightD.stars

()6.A.summerB.springC.autumnD.winter

()7.A.speakB.sayC.talkaboutD.tell

()8.A.greenB.yellowC.whiteD.gray

()9.A.calmB.sleepyC.activeD.helpful

()10.A.theotherB.anotherC.otheroneD.others

()11.A.blackB.greenC.goldenD.yellow

()12.A.goroundB.gobyC.gooffD.goalong

()13.A.oneB.wayC.factD.matter

()14.A.factoryB.classroomC.restaurantD.hospital

()15.A.DifferentB.CoolC.WarmD.A11

完形填空专题练习

练习题(1)

WhenIwasfifteenIwenttoasummercamp.Therewerelotsofgreat90

buttherewasonethingIwasreallyscared(害怕)about:climbingthewall.

Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowtoclimb.Itisverytall.

Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall,butIknewIcouldn'tgettothetopbecauseI

am91heights.IwasashamedandIdidn'twantanyonetoknowthatIwasscared.

Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme.Ipracticedmyexcuse:'Tmnotscared,you

know,Isujferfromvertigo(患眩晕症)

Thedaycame.Itwastimetoclimbthewall.Thesunwasshiningbut

everyonewasveryquietthatmorning.Itookphotographsatthebottomofthewall

andtriedto92.Everyoneinthegroupwentup.Thenthemomentcame.Itwasmy

turn.IwassoscaredthatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse.Someonesaid,<6Shall

Itakeyourcamera?^^andIanswered,'Tmnotscared,youknow.Isufferfrom

vertigo”.The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared,Iwasterrified(吓坏了).The

campleadersaid,"Don'tworry,youdon'thavetodoanythingyoudon'twantto

do.”Iwassurprised.Everyonewasunderstanding.Noone94.

Thenextday,theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown,

95theotherswatching.AlthoughIwasstillverynervousIagreedandclimbed

slowlytothetopwithhishelp.IwasstillshakingwhenIcame96,butIwasreally

happyandrelievedtoo.Forme,climbingthewallwasarealachievement.(2008

上海中考试卷完形填空)」

()90.A.activitiesB.operationsC.accidentsD.

exams

()91.A.pooratB.goodatC.afraidofD.

fondof

()92.A.goB.hideC.appearD.

run

()93.A.truthB.situationC.storyD.

reason

()94.A.jumpedB.cheeredC.smiledD.

laughed

()95.A.withB.withoutC.amongD.

behind

()96.A.inB.outC.upD.

down

练习题(2)

Everydaycarskillorhurtmanypeopleonroads.Sometimesthedriversdrivetoo

fastordonot,drivecarefullyenough.Someofthem85thetrafficrulesandcause

accidents.

Accordingtosomeresearches,itisusuallythepedes/成祖s(行人)whocausethe

accidents.Alotofroadusersareverycareless.Theywalkorrunacrosstheroads

86thecars.Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalkways.Theygetintooroutof

carsinthemiddleoftheroad.Somedonottakethetroubleto87thegreen

lightsandsimplycrosstheroadsagainsttheredlights.

Manypeoplethinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities,butthisis

notalwaystrue.88,Tokyoisoneoftheworld'slargestcitiesandprobablyoneof

thebusiestcities;however,thereare89accidentstopedestrians.Thereasonis

thatthepolicethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful.Pedestrians

nevercrossagainstaredlightandthey90followtrafficrules.

Doyouknowalcohol(酒精)isanothermaincauseoftrafficaccidents?Itdelays

people'sresponse.Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions.

Theyneedafewmore

secondstoreact(反应).Alcoholdrinkingisespeciallydangerousformotorcar

drivers.Itisnotonlydriverswhomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking.Drunken

pedestriansmayputtheirlivesindangeraswell.(2010上海中考试卷完形填空)

()85.A.makeB.breakC.followD.

remember

()86.A.attheendofB.inthecentreofC.ontopofD.

infrontof

()87.A.turnonB.worryaboutC.waitforD.

pointout

()88.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.BythewayD.Onthe

otherhand

()89.A.fewB.manyC.enoughD.

some

()90.A.evenB.neverC.almostD.

always

()91.A.slowB.activeC.interestedD.

excited

练习题（3）

Cartoonfilmshaveveryfew〃加双限制）.Ifyoucandrawsomething,youcan

makeitonthecinemascreen.Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputer

programsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages.

By1970,thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren.

Butsoonafterthat,oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas.Theyproved

thatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown-upsandchildrencouldenjoy

them.

However,5cartoonfilmwassuccessful.TheBlackCauldron,forexample,

failed,mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown-ups.

Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake,andthencartoonswerewelcomedbyboth

childrenandgrown-upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsof

money.

()1.A.arriveB.stayC.standD.

move

()2.A.someB.eitherC.allD.both

()3.A.neverB.onlyC.stillD.

already

()4.A.possibleB.difficultC.completeD.

interesting

()5.A.noteveryB.noneoftheC.eachD.

neitherofthe

()6.A.interestingB.popularC.relaxingD.

frightening

()7.A.onceB.howeverC.againD.also

练习题(4)

ThenameofDanielWilliamshasbeenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnited

Statesformanyyears.Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883.Aftergraduating,he

taughtatNorthwesternUniversity'smedicalschool.Hewasaskedbythepresidentof

theUnitedStates,GroverCleveland,togotoWashington,D.C.,toheadthe

Freedmen'sHospital.Itwasoneof

thefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2.

HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital.3itopened,

Chicago5sblackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhospitals.Theyhadtotreatpatients

4_,sooperationswere

performedonbedsandkitchentables.Dr.Williamsalsohelpedtosetupatraining

schoolinChicagoforblacknurses.

In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart.

Suchawoundhadalways5death.ButDr.Williamstriedtosavetheman.6

X-rayorbloodtransfusions(输血)，heopenedtheman'schestandsewedup(修补)

hisheart.Everythingwentonwellwiththebold(大月旦的)operation.Theman7.

()l.A.headmasterB.managerC.doctor

D.nurse

()2.A.atthattimeB.inthepastC.amomentago

D.justthen

()3.A.AfterB.BeforeC.When

D.Assoonas

()4.A.intheofficeB.intheschoolC.intheuniversity

D.athome

()5.A.shownB.explainedC.meant

D.described

()6.A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.Becauseof

D.Without

()7.A.diedB.livedC.becamestrongD.

gotbadlyhurt

练习题(5)

EveryyearstudentsinmanycountrieslearnEnglish.Someofthesestudentsare

children,—1—studentsareyoungpeople.Whydoallthesepeoplewantto

learn_2—?Itisnot_3_toanswerthisquestion.ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglish

atschool.Itisoneoftheir_4—.ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis_5—in

theirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish_6—theirhigherstudiesbecausesome

oftheirbooksare_7—English.OtherpeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto

—8—newspapersinEnglish.SomepeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto_9—

intheUSA,EnglandorAustralia.Englishisvery_10—inourlife(生活).

()1.A.allB.theotherC.bothD.other

()2.A.EnglishB.ChineseC.mathsD.Japanese

()3.A.hardB.easyC.goodD.nice

（)4.A.booksB.classesC.schoolsD.subjects

（科目）

()5.A.goodB.useful(有用的)C.fineD.pleased

()6.A.forB.ofC.toD.from

()7.A.inB.withC.atD.of

()8.A.lookB.seeC.lookatD.read

()9.A.goB.workC.likeD.come

()10.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.helpful

练习题(6)

Once,akingshowedtwomenalargebasketinthegarden.Hetoldthemtofillit

withwaterfromawell.Afterthey]theirwork,heleftthem,saying,uWhenthe

sunisdown,Iwillcomeandseeyourwork.”

Atlastoneofthemsaid,"What'stheuseofdoingthisfoolishwork?Wecan

2fillthebasket."3mananswered,“Thatisnoneofyourbusiness.^^The

firstmansaid."Youmaydoasyoulike,butIamnotgoingtoworkat4so

foolish.He5hisbucketandwentaway.Theothermansaidnoword,andkept

oncarrying6.Atlastthewellwasalmost7.

Ashepouredthelastbucketofwaterintothebasket,hesawabrightthinginit.

Hepickeditup.Itwasabeautifulgoldring.Justthenthekingcame.8hesaw

thering,heknewthathehadfoundthekindofmanhewanted.Hetoldhimtokeep

theringforhimself."You9sowellinthislittlething,“hesaid,66—10nowI

knowIcanbelieveyouwithmanythings.

()1.A.finishedB.didC.beganD.had

()2.A.everB.neverC.easilyD.no

()3.A.TheotherB.AnotherC.OneD.Asecond

()4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything

()5.A.pickedupB.putawayC.tookawayD.threwaway

()6.A.waterB.basketC.wellD.work

()7.A.fullB.emptyC.filledD.clean

()8.A.WhileB.AssoonasC.BeforeD.Since

()9.A.havedoneB.willdoC.doD.aredoing

()10.A.whatB.whyC.whenD.that

练习题(7)

Someonesays,“Timeismoney.^^ButIthinktimeis]importantthanmoney.

Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecangetitback.However,whentimeis2it'll

never3.That's4wemustn'twastetime.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evenasecondisveryimportant.

Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo6useful.

Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceof

time.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,drinkingand_7.Theydonotknowthat

wastingtimemeanswastingpartoftheirown_8.

Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn't9today'sworkfortomorrow.

Rememberwehavenotimeto10.

()1.A.muchB.lessC.muchlessD.evenmore

()2.A.costB.boughtC.goneD.finished

()3.A.returnB.carryC.takeD.bring

()4.A.whatB.thatC.becauseD.why

()5.A.moneyB.timeC.dayD.food

()6.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything

()7.A.readingB.writingC.playingD.working

()8.A.timeB.foodC.moneyD.life

()9.A.stopB.leaveC.letD.give

()10.A.loseB.saveC.spendD.take

练习题(8)

Tomgrowsthenicestvegetablesandfruitsandthemostbeautifulflowersinthe

village.PlantsgrowinTom'sgardenallthroughthe]andtheyaremuch2.

Tomcutssomeflowersforhissittingroomtable,eatssomefruitsandvegetables,

buthe3mostoftheminthemarket.Hisvegetables,fruitandflowersareso

4andbeautifulthattheysoldmuchmore5inthemarketthanthoseofother

villagers.

HowdoesTomgrowthesebeautifulthings?Heisso6thathejustsitsunder

hisorangetreewithhisradio.

He7themusicallday.

Thatisquitetrue.Tom8thingsinspring,summer,autumnandwinter.After

thathesitswithhisradio.Andeverything9.Itisthemusicthatdoesthework.

Tomknowsmoreclearlythatmusicmakesthebiggestvegetablesandthemost

beautifulflowers.Plantslove10asmuchaspeople.

()1.A.weekB.monthC.seasonD.year

()2.A.betterB.worseC.lessD.later

()3.A.buysB.sellsC.borrowsD.lends

()4.A.dearB.badC.bigD.small

()5.A.politelyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.carefully

()6.A.angryB.busyC.tiredD.lazy

()7.A.listenstoB.hearsC.watchesD.speaks

()8.A.fillsB.plants