2023年考研英语真题及解析

2023年全真试题

PartICloseTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletter

inthebracketswithapencil.(1()points)

@Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.

②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupport

himselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.©Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,

asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto

4_oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneyto

constructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.©Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe

7_.©Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.©Naturallyhewilltryto

borrowmoneyatalow9_ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarcnot10obtainable.[139words]

1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan

2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince

3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards

4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose

5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise

6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels

7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient

[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek

9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio

10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequently

PartIIReadingComprehension

Passage1

①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecome

adrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorld

War,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.

③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④⑴)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperous

beyondthedreamsoftheEuiweansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.(2)Justasinevitably,

theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossover

theirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,had

shrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmaker

left,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦(已)

Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywas

ontheropes.@Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedand

whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

©Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.©Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegan

tobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofall

aswell.©Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.

⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhile

Japanhasbeenstruggling.③()FewAmericansattributeIhissolelylosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollaror

theturningofthebusinesscycle.©Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangedits

structure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,“accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedean

ofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowour

businessesarcimprovingtheirproductivity/'saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,

DC.©AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas

“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”[429words]

11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomicsofmostpotentialcompetitors

[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthatthe

American.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayfbrfurtherdevelopment.

14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry

[C]improvedbusinessmanagement[D]successineducation

Passage2

①（is）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesboruforevery100females、but

thisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenas

men.③But〔hegrealuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellas

girlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,fbrthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyare

searchingloramate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefbrnaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,

thechanceofababy（particularlyaboybaby）survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortoo

heavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisdueto

genes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

©Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleare

asfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.©Nowadays

thenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberof

offspring.^）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfbrnaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofit

havediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesand

povertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeingthesameinsurvival

andnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndia

comparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.©Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittle

physicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhe

past100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.@（：）wedidnotevolve,because

machinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatan

organicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension."⑦Nodoubtwewill

remembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionfbritsugliness.Buthoweveramazedour

descendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]

15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.

16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution.

[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

Passage3

①（2。）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion、itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesare

aimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirDrinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearsto

comeiheymayberegardedasnormal.©WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,for

whateverFuturistpoetrymaybe-evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardly

beclassedasLiterature.

©This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:fbracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionally

speedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.©Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts

andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）ThisspeedingUDoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresa

newformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemust

pouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.©Instead

ofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferent

coloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

©Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesarcconfused.②Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatory

notesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheyboth

fallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:

“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”

①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotional

lifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?[334

words]

19.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.

[A]determineitspurposes[B]ignoreitsflaws

[C]followthenewfashions[D]accepttheprinciples

21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress

[C]developnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.

[A]basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature

[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Passage4

①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeenlypicaloftheposlwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyare

theenvyof（heUniledSlatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditional

work-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonfor

being,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgo

next.

①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarket

havelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedin

climbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5

percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsinthe

UnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheir

counterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.

©Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstest

takingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（）“Thoseihingsihaldonolshowupinihe

lestscores-personality,ability,courageorhumanily-arecompletelyignored、”saysTbshikiKaifu,chairmanof

therulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidsto

dropoutandrunwild."©LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaults

onteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoral

education.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthat

liberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanese

moralityofrespectforparents?*

①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②"InJapan,''sayseducatorYokoMuro,"it's

neveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucancndurc.^^③With

economicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswhere

communityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.

©UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes（travelstoandfromwork）andcrowdedlivingconditions,

butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.@Inthepastdecade,the

Japanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,and

suicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.[447words]

23.IntheWesterners,eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.

[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest[D]onthedecline

24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsiblefbrthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?

[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedfbrhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Passage5

①（27）ifambilionislobewellregarded,therewardsofambilion—wealth,distinclion,controloverone's

destiny—mus〔bedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselves

admired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.28）Inanoddway,however,itisthaeducatedwhohaveclaimedto

havegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionif

notalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤ThereisaheavynoteofhyDocrisyinthis,a

caseofclosing〔hebamdoorafter」hehorseshaveescaped—wilh〔heeducatedthemselvesridingon〔hem.

©Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,

Europeantravel,BMWs-thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseem

lessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfully

totheirdrcams、aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing、acquisitiveandvulgar.

©Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:the

criticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshis

mealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseown

childrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproper

formulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.,5

©Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewand

unimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportfbrambitionasahealthy

impulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeeninthe

UnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsand

promptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.©Consequencesfollowfromthis,

ofcourse,someofwhicharcthatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythings

stand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnest

peopletryingtogetoninlife.[431words]

27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensatefbrthesacrifices

[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarcspiritualratherthanmaterial

[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous

28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.

[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[D]impracticalfbrtheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

30.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.

[A]secretlyandvigorously[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[C]easilyandmomentarily[D]verballyandspiritually

PartIIlEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyon

theeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31)Undermodemconditions、thisrequiresvaryingmeasures

ofcentralizedcontrolandhcnccthehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearch

experts.32)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwith>hn

efficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologists

ofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostep

upprcxluctionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchin

variousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,or

interfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymay

cooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.In

anycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnological

manpowerofallkinds.

33)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnew

wantsandarcbeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas、whilegovcnimcntsarcoftenforcedtointroducestill

furtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughoutthe

worldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34)intheearly

industrializedcountriesofEUIODCIheprocessofindustrialization—withallIhefar-reachingchangesinsocial

paliernsihalfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacenlury.whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergo【he

sameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthe

communityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35)Additionalsocial

stressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepoDulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigration

movements-themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodemmeansoftransDort.Asaresultofallthese

factors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningthe

appropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.[390words]

34)

SectionIVWriting(15points)

36.Directions:

A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

I)Describethepictures.

2)Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.

3)Suggestcounter-measures.

2023年英语试题答案

PartIClozeTest

l.C2.A3.B4.A5.C

6.D7.B8.D9.C10.D

PartIIReadingComprehension

Passage1

11.C12.D13.B14.A

Passage2

15.C16.B17.A18.D

Passage3

19.B20.A21.C22.D

Passage4

23.B24.D25.C26.A

Passage5

27.A28.C29.D30.B

28.

PartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation

31.在当代条件下,这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要取得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的教

授的帮助。

32.再者，显而易见的是一种国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率亲密有关，而效率的提升则又有赖于

多种科技人员的努力。

33.大众通讯的明显发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想。因为上述原

因，政府经常得推出更多的革新。

34.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的多种深刻的社会构造变革，连续了

大约一种世纪之久，而如今一种发展中国家在十年左右就可能完毕这个过程。

35.因为人口的猛增或人口的大量流动（当代交通工具使这种流动相对轻易）造成的种种问题也会对社会

造成新的压力。

试题精解

PartICloseTest

一、文章总体分析

本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。

文章①句提出论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。②句对①句进行详

细的解释：即他必须存储大量的粮食。③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性：③句总说能够养家糊口；④⑤

句详细说能够留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。@@⑧句论述没有

余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从背面论证储存余粮的必要性。

二、试题详细解析

1.\[A\]olherthan不同于，除了..[B]aswellas也，又（表达附加）

[C]insteadof而不是...（表选择）[D]morethan比更多（表比较）

本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。正确率：72%

[迅速解题]文章首句的含义是：一种农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产之间较大的差距。

接着文章提到了两种恰好相反的做法，一种是storealargequantityofgrain（存储大量的粮食），另一种是

consumingallhisgrainimmediately（立即把他全部的粮食都消费完）。显然前一种做法是农民能够成功的做

法，所以空格处需要一种词语来否定背面部分，而且其后能跟目前分词。选项中，只有介词短语insleadof

符合要求，意为“他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把全部的粮食都消耗完

[篇章分析]①句为文章主旨句，关键内容是“保持消费和生产之间的差距”。②句承接①句，详细论

述怎样保持这个差距：储存大量的粮食。

[空格设置]insteadof是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。insteadof表选择关系，意为

“替代，作为...的替代，而不是…”，在两种做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadof

goingoul.我将待在家里，不出门。其他连接性介词还涉及becauseof（因为），despite（尽管），besides（除

T）等。

[干扰项设置]其他项的短语都可用于连接前后并列的两部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，实际上

是对背面部分的肯定，如：Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你，我不认辨认的法国人。其

他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingoverlime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。Ilikeher

morethanherhusband.我比较喜欢她，不太