Lecture4-大学英语论文写作四课件

LectureFourDraftingtheEssayLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四HowtoConstructanEssay

ThebasicstructureofaparagraphII.ThebasicstructureofanessayIII.ThewaytoconstructanintroductoryparagraphIV.ThewaytoconstructaconcludingparagraphLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四I.Thebasicstructureofaparagraph

1.TheEnglishthoughtpattern--astraightforward-linethoughtpattern2.Aparagraphconstructedfollowingthestraightforward-linethoughtpatternLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四A.writingpurpose:toexpressanidea--totellsth./idea--tomakeitclear--tohelpthereaderrememberthisideaLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四B.waytorealizethepurpose--setthegoalanddirectlygotoit--hitthepointattheverybeginning--supportthetopic--concludetoemphasizethetopicLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四C.Athree-set/part/elementconstruction--thetopicsentence--supportingsentences--(theconcludingsentence)Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四II.Thebasicstructureofanessay

1.samepurposetoexpressanidea2.samethoughtpatterntofollow3.samewayofconstructionLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四4.somewhatmorecomplicatedA.abiggertopicB.moreefforttosupportthetopicC.afewmorewordstoconcludeforemphasisLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四D.enlargementofeachpartofthethree:--topicsentencetointroductoryparagraph--supportingsentencestosupportingparagraphs--concludingsentencetoconcludingparagraphLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四

III.Thewaytoconstructanintroductoryparagraph

AModelIntroductoryParagraphObserved：

Owingtothedevelopmentofnationaleconomy,peoplehavebecomericher.Withmoremoneyinpockets,theywanttoenjoytheirlivesinamodernizedway.Somewillbuynewhouses.Otherswouldliketohavetheirprivatecars.Iprefertotravelallovertheworld.Foreigntravelbenefitsmealot.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四ForeignTravel

Peoplearethinkingofwaystoenjoytheirlivesafterbecomingrich.Somewanttobuynewhouses.Otherswouldliketohavetheirprivatecars.Ichoosetotravel.ThesisstatementForeigntravelhelpsmetolearnaboutculturesofdifferentnationsandmakefriendsallovertheworld.

Icanmakefriendsallovertheworldintraveling.

Foreigntravelmakesmehappybecauseofthebenefitsinlearningsomethingnewandmakingfriendsindifferentcountries.Topicsentenceofthe1stbodyparagraph.Topicsentenceofthe2ndbodyparagraphConcludingparagraphGeneralbackgroundinformationMorespecificStillmorespecificThesisstatement倒金字塔示意图StillmorespecificThesisstatementTravelingabroadbenefitsmealotinenrichingknowledge.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四启示：该图表明特殊结构的intro-duction怎样由最广泛意义上的背境基础上引出话题，通过背境所指范围的逐句缩小，最后自然集中到一点，那就是图中所说的Thesisstatement---主题句。

Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四Thewaytobegintheintroduction1.Tellingthereaderyourexperiencewiththesubject---Topresentasenseofvividnessandreliability.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四2.Presentingstartlingfacts----tocatchthereader’sinterestimmediatelyLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四3.Tellingananecdote---toevokethepleasureofthereaderLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四4.Askingrhetoricalquestions---tomakethereadersthink,andtosearchfortheanswerLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四5.Usinginterestingquota-tions----toarousethereaders’curiosityLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四6.Usingstatistics----toestablishthewriterastheauthorityonthesubject----togainthereaders’confi-denceLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四7.Usingvividcontrast----tosharpenthecharacteri-sticsofthesubjectconcernedLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四8.Usinghistoricalinfor-mation----totracetheoriginofthesubjectstatedLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四9.Usinghumor----toamusethereaders---tolurehimtogothroughtheessayLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四10.Usingfigurativelanguage----giveavividimpressionofthesubjectstatedLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四ThewaytowriteaconclusionAim----tosummarizeorreinforcethemainpointsoftheessay----(tomakeafinalcommentonthesubject)Notice:nonewideasorpointstobediscussedintheconclusionLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四1.Endingwitharelevantorthought-provokingquotationTwoapproaches:Repeatinganearlierquotationbutgiveitanewmeaning.Supplyinganewquotationfromarecognizedauthorityinthefield.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四AsArnoldsays,“Nopain,nogain.”Aslongasthepainissolittleandthegainissogreat,Iwillcontinuetokeepthebody-buildingexercise.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四2.Offeringasolutiontotheproblemdiscussedinyourpaper.Approach:raiseaproblemintheintroductionandtrytoofferasolutiontoitintheconclusion.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四Onthebasisoftheworkdescribedintheprecedingchapters,wecannowgiveananswerwithmoreconfidencetotheresearchquestionsposedinchapter1.Whatisthecommondenominatorthatlegitimatesdeadjectivalelementsofdifferentsourcestheterm“intensifiers”?Thenotionofgradabilityinrelationtosubjectivityisthethreadacrossthedomainsofadjectivesandintensifiers.Grdabilityisasubjectivelyconstruednotionintheschematicdomainofgradableadjectives.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四3.Endingwithoneormorethought-provokingquestions.----tostimulatethereaders’thinking,----toremindthereadersofyourmainpoints.Notice:Besurethequestionisdirectlyrelevanttoyoursubject.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四4.Pointingoutthevalueorsignificanceofyoursubject.----toreinforcethereaders’impressionofyoursubjectLecture-4-大学英语论文写作四Again,exerciseprovidesananswer.Inacountrywherethemostcommoncauseofmortalityiscorollarycollapse,everyoneneedstoconsiderthevalueofconstantexercise.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四5.Makingaconnectiontoastatementmadeinyourintroduction.----toprovidethereaderswithasenseofclosure.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四Andnow,whenmychildrenareplayingbaseballintheyard,Inolongerthink,“Baseballisforkids.”Iamfirstattheplate.

Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四6.Endingwithasuggestionforchangeorpredictionaboutthefuture.----toexertalong-terminfluenceonyourreaders.Notice：Makepredictionsthatarepossibleandplausible.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四Moderateexercisewillbenefitbody,mindandspirit.Ifwefollowcommonsenseandchangeourbadhabits,allofuscanleadlong,activeandhealthylives.Lecture-4-大学英语论文写作四GainingunityandcoherenceUnityInaparagraph:topicsentence---mainideasupportingsentences---mustbedi