江苏省扬州市宝应县2023-2024学年高二下学期期中检测英语试题【含答案解析】

2023—2024学年度高二下学期期中检测卷英语（试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whathasthemanlost?A.Acoat.B.Abutton.C.Awallet.2.Whichkindofskilldoesthemanwanttopractice?A.Writing.B.Reading.C.Speaking.3.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?AUseonlinetools.B.Admithismistake.C.Createanewcharacter.4.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Repairtheirhouse.B.Goonvacation.C.Buyacamera.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ameeting.B.Anemail.C.Aphone.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onafarm.B.Byariver.C.Inarestaurant.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Drinksomething.B.Feedthechickens.C.Picksomevegetables.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthewomanlikelearninginaclassroom?A.Shelikestalkingwithherfellowstudents.B.Shecanseethingswrittenontheblackboard.C.Sheenjoysaskingherteacherquestionsinperson.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hekeepscats.B.Heisateacher.C.Hehaspooreyesight.10.WhatsubjectdoesMrs.Smithprobablyteach?A.Art.B.Math.C.Computerscience.听第8段材料，回答第11全13题.11.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.CallthepowercompanyB.Wearmoreclothes.C.Searchforajob.12.Howmuchhavetheenergypricesincreased?A.By15%.B.By20%.C.By50%.13.Howdoesthewomanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Angry.B.Helpless.C.Thankful.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatistheprobablerelatıonshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Co-workers.C.Strangers.15.WhyisthemanlookingforMatt?A.Toreviewfiresafetyrules.B.Togooverareport.C.Togoforcoffee.16.Whattimeisitnow?A.1:00p.m.B.5:00p.m.C.6:00p.m.17.Whichstairsarethenearesttothespeakersinthebuilding?A.Theonesinthesouth.B.Theonesinthewest.C.Theonesintheeast.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerprobablydoing?A.Acceptinganaward.B.Givingaretirementspeech.C.Makingaweddingannouncement.19.Wherewillthepartytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Onabeach.C.Inagarden.20.Whatdoesthespeakerplantodo?A.Buyanewhouse.B.Movetoadifferentcity.C.Createartwithhiswife.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhat’sonGenuinewordsArtCritiqueattheArtMuseumoftheBeijingFineArtAcademyisauniqueshowthatputstheworksofresidentpaintersandthecritiques(评论)ofscholars(学者)together.Thepaintersarefromtheacademy’sfourworkshopsonoilpaintingandthreetypesofChinesepaintings—mountainandwater,flowerandbird,andfigure.9am-5pm,closedonMondays.12ChaoyangParkNanlu,Chaoyangdistrict,Beijing.SmalllandscapesWanderingontheEarthisashowoflandscapesfromthecollectionoftheNationalArtMuseumofChina,whichincludesmanyattractivescenesfromaroundtheworld.RunningattheNationalArtMuseumofChina,theshowawakensafeelingofwoyou,anoldtermthatreferstothejourneytakenintheminduponappreciatingalandscapepainting.9am-5pm,closedonMondays.1WusiDajie,Dongchengdistrict,Beijing.GallopinglinesTheTianjinMuseumtraces(追溯)thedevelopmentofChinesecalligraphyduringtheMingandQingdynastiesinashowofitscollectionfromtheperiod.Developingoverthousandsofyears,calligraphybecameanimportantpartofChineseart.9am–5pm,closedonMondays.62PingjiangDao,Hexidistrict,Tianjin.WanderingstrokesInherpaintings,YuLiantriestovisualize(使形象化)XiaoyaoYou,atextfromZhuangzi,abookaboutthethoughtsoftheTaoistphilosopherZhuangzi,wholivedaroundthe4thcenturyBC.Yuisalwaysbusywithpainting,andshesharesherworksinhershow,PaintingZhuangzi,attheTodayArtMuseum.ShemanagestoexplainZhuangzi’sTaoistideasinherpaintings.10am-6pm,closedonMondays.32BaiziwanLu,Chaoyangdistrict,Beijing.1.Whatisspecialabouttheshowat12ChaoyangParkNanlu?A.Itshowscommentsaboutthepaintings.B.Itletspeoplecommentonthepaintings.C.Itinvitesresidentpaintersandscholars.D.ItshowsthreetypesofChinesepaintings.2.Wherecanyouenjoypaintingsshowingthebeautyofforeigncountries?A.AttheTianjinMuseum.B.AttheTodayArtMuseum.C.AttheNationalArtMuseumofChina.D.AttheArtMuseumoftheBeijingFineArtAcademy.3.WhatdoesYuLianwanttodothroughherpaintings?A.Shareherpaintingskillswithotherpainters.B.Showtheimportanceofreadingbooks.C.Visualizethestoriesoffamousbooks.D.ShowideasofaTaoistphilosopher.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个美术展各自的特点、时间以及展出地点。【1题详解】细节理解题。文章部Genuinewords分讲到“ArtCritiqueattheArtMuseumoftheBeijingFineArtAcademyisauniqueshowthatputstheworksofresidentpaintersandthecritiques(评论)ofscholars(学者)together.(北京美术学院美术馆的《艺术评论》是一个独特的展览，将常驻画家的作品与学者的评论结合在一起)”可知，朝阳公园南路12号的演出的特别之处是上面有对这些画的评论。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。文章Smalllandscapes部分讲到“WanderingontheEarthisashowoflandscapesfromthecollectionoftheNationalArtMuseumofChina,whichincludesmanyattractivescenesfromaroundtheworld(《流浪地球》是中国美术馆收藏的一场风景秀，其中包括许多来自世界各地的迷人景色)”可知，在中国美术馆可以欣赏到展示外国美景的画作。故选C。3题详解】细节理解题。文章Wanderingstrokes部分讲到“Inherpaintings,YuLiantriestovisualize(使形象化)XiaoyaoYou,atextfromZhuangzi,abookaboutthethoughtsoftheTaoistphilosopherZhuangzi,wholivedaroundthe4thcenturyBC.(在她的绘画中，于莲试图将《逍遥游》形象化，这是一本关于道家哲学家庄子思想的书，庄子生活在公元前4世纪左右)”可知，于莲想通过自己的绘画展示道家哲学家的思想。故选D。BItwasthemiddleofthenightwhenBibiBahrami’sfatherawokeherandtherestofthefamily,tellingthemtheymustleavetheirhomeimmediatelybecausehercountry,Afghanistan,wasbeinginvaded.Bahrami,onlyateenageratthetime,remembersbeinginastateofshock.“Wejustputourshoesonandwewereallcrying.Wedidn’twanttoleavehome.Wedidn’tknowwhereweweregoingtoendup,”Bahramisaid.Thefamilyspentthenextsixyearslivinginarefugee(难民)campinPakistan.Lifewashard,butBahrami’sfamilymadethemostofit.Theyeventuallymadeasortof“mudhouse”.MuchlikelifeinAfghanistan,however,girlsintherefugeecampdidnotattendformalschool.Aftergettingmarried,BahramimovedtotheUS,whichprovidedBahramiwithalotofexperiencesthatwouldn’tbeavailabletoherbackhome.“Ihaddaycareformychildren,andIcouldstillstudyandgotoschool.Iwassoinspiredbytheopportunity.AndIsayIwanttodothisforthegirlswhoareleftbehind,”shesaid.HenceAfghanWomen’sAndKids’Education&Necessities(AWAKEN)wasfounded.Thefirstprojectwasbuildingaschoolthatbothboysandgirlscouldattend.“Ifeelgirls’educationissoimportant.Theycaneducatetheirchildrenandthensociety,”shecontinued.In2021,BahramistartedanewprojectMARRC,whichhelpsAfghanrefugeesfindhousing,jobsandsupport.Sofartheyhavetakeninaround28families.Frima,26,justarrivedinMunciewithher2-year-oldson.Herlifewasindangerbecausesheworkedatafamily-focusednon-profit—whichwasstrictlyforbiddenthen.Sheleftherhusbandbehind,notknowingwhentheywouldmeetagain.ButthankstoBahrami,theyoungmotherishopefulforthefuture.“InAfghanistan,andinmanyothercountries,womenhavesuffered.It’stimefortheworldtorecognizethevaluesofwomen,”Bahramisaid.“Ifeelthatsometimeswomenaredisadvantagedandnotrespectedinsocietiesandthosethingshurtmyheart.Wehaveourrightsandthisshouldbeappreciated.”4.HowdidBahramifeelafterhearingherfather’swords?A.Calmandspeechless. B.Excitedandhopeful.C.Surprisedandupset. D.Confusedandregretful.5.WhydidBahramisetupAWAKEN?A.Toincreasejobopportunities. B.Toprovidechildcareforrefugees.C.Tohelpgirlsreceiveaneducation. D.TohelprefugeesmovetoAmerica.6.HowhastheprojectMARRCaffectedFrima?A.Shehasfoundajobatanon-profit. B.Shehasbeenpositiveaboutherlife.C.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement. D.Shehasbeenreunitedwithherhusband.7.WhatdidBahramiintendtocommunicateinthelastparagraph?A.Womenshouldbetreatedfairly. B.Womenmakeadifferenceinsociety.C.Womencanberolemodelsinsociety. D.WomeninAfghanistansufferthemost.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Bahrami经历了阿富汗战乱后，创立“阿富汗妇女和儿童教育和必需品”项目帮助女孩接受教育以及MARRC项目帮助难民改善生活，并呼吁公平对待女性。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Bahrami,onlyateenageratthetime,remembersbeinginastateofshock.“Wejustputourshoesonandwewereallcrying.Wedidn’twanttoleavehome.Wedidn’tknowwhereweweregoingtoendup,”Bahramisaid.(当时只有十几岁的Bahrami还记得当时的震惊。“我们只是穿上鞋子，我们都哭了。我们不想离开家。我们不知道我们会在哪里结束，”Bahrami说。)”可知，听到父亲的话后，Bahrami感到惊讶和不安。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的““Ihaddaycareformychildren,andIcouldstillstudyandgotoschool.Iwassoinspiredbytheopportunity.AndIsayIwanttodothisforthegirlswhoareleftbehind,”shesaid.HenceAfghanWomen’sAndKids’Education&Necessities(AWAKEN)wasfounded.

(“我的孩子有日托服务，我仍然可以学习和上学。这个机会让我很受鼓舞。我说，我想为那些被遗忘的女孩做这件事。”因此，阿富汗妇女和儿童教育和必需品项目(AWAKEN)成立了。第一个项目是建立一所男孩和女孩都能上学的学校。“我觉得女孩的教育非常重要。他们可以教育自己的孩子，然后教育社会，”她继续说道。)

”可知，Bahrami设立这个项目是为了帮助女孩接受教育。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“ButthankstoBahrami,theyoungmotherishopefulforthefuture.

(但多亏了Bahrami，这位年轻的母亲对未来充满了希望。)”可知，Frima对自己的生活充满乐观。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’stimefortheworldtorecognizethevaluesofwomen,”Bahramisaid.“Ifeelthatsometimeswomenaredisadvantagedandnotrespectedinsocietiesandthosethingshurtmyheart.Wehaveourrightsandthisshouldbeappreciated.”(他说：“在阿富汗和许多其他国家，妇女遭受苦难。是时候让世界认识到女性的价值了。”“我觉得有时女性在社会中处于不利地位，不受尊重，这些事情让我很伤心。我们有自己的权利，这一点应该得到重视。”)”可知，Bahrami想表达的是妇女应该得到公平对待。故选A。CEvenbeforeMollyJohnson-JonesgraduatedfromOxfordUniversityin2015,shefeltprofessionalpressuretolanda“prestigious(享有声望的)”jobinahigh-poweredindustry.Shesayssheandheruniversityfriendsfelttherewereprofessionsthatcarriedprestige—particularlythefieldsoffinance,medicineandlaw.That’swhyJohnson-Jonesendedupininvestmentbankingfortwoyearsonceshegraduated,eventhoughitdidn’tfeellikequitetherightfit.Thesekindsof“verytraditionalindustries”haveindeedcarriedprestige,saysJonahStillman,co-founderofGenGuru,afirmthatfocusesondifferentgenerationsintheworkplace.AsGenZjoinstheworkforce,however,expertsandyoungerworkerssaywhat’sconsidereda“prestigious”jobmaybeexpanding.Someyoungerworkersdostillreportmakingmoneyisprestigious,especiallyascostoflivingshootsup;andworkingforcertainfirmsorinspecificindustriescanmakeacareer.Butmanyalsoplaceequalstressonotherelements,suchasvaluesofthecompany,flexibility,andfreedomfromlong,intenseworkhours.AndsomedataindicatesthatGenZareindeedturningtomoremeaningfulwork.April2023datafromLinkedInofmorethan7,000globalworkersshows64%ofGenZersintheUK,GermanyandIrelandnowconsideritimportanttoworkforcompaniesthatsharetheirvalues.Thedataalsoshowstheseyoungworkershighlightwork-lifebalanceandcareergrowthastopdrawsforpotentialworkplaces.ThischangeinGenZ’sattitudetowardsworkmaybeinpartbecausemechanisms(机制)behindfindingjobsandseeingotherpossiblecareerpathsarechanging,saysJoshGraff,managingdirectorofEMEAandLATAMatLinkedIn.Withagreaternumberofjobsbeingpostedonline,“peoplehavesomuchmoreaccesstoinformationtodaythanwedidwhenwewereapplyingforajob20-plusyearsago…Thisallowsyoutohavemuchbettervisibilityintoawealthofroles,”hesays.“Thatchangeintheworkplace,intheworkforce…isleadingpeopletounderstandthere’sawiderrangeofoptionsoutthere.”8.WhydidJohnson-Jonesendupininvestmentbanking?A.Shehadapassionforfinance. B.Shewantedtomakealotofmoney.C.Shefoundherselfwellsuitedforthecareer. D.Shefeltpressuretotakeupahighly-regardedjob.9.Whatisthemainpointofparagraph2?A.Makingmoneyisstillthemainconcernofyoungerworkers.B.GenZersarenotinterestedintraditional“prestigious”jobs.C.Thedefinitionofa“prestigious”jobischangingforyoungerworkers.D.Short-timeworkisstillconsideredprestigiousforyoungerworkers.10.WhatdomostGenZersintheUK,GermanyandIrelandconsiderimportantwhenitcomestowork?A.Whethertheycanhaveagoodjobtitle.B.Whethertheycanreceiveagoodsalary.C.Whethercompanies’valuesareinlinewiththeirs.D.Whethertheyhaveenoughopportunitiestosocialize.11.WhatmaybecontributingtothechangeinGenZ’sattitudetowardswork?A.Thechangingjobsearchmethods.B.Alackofhigh-payingjobsintraditionalindustries.C.Agrowingstressoncompanies’socialresponsibility.D.Increasedaccesstoinformationaboutpotentialcareerpaths.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人如今对于拥有声望的传统行业的看法以及一些数据表明，Z世代确实在转向更有意义的工作。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shesayssheandheruniversityfriendsfelttherewereprofessionsthatcarriedprestige—particularlythefieldsoffinance,medicineandlaw.That’swhyJohnson-Jonesendedupininvestmentbankingfortwoyearsonceshegraduated,eventhoughitdidn’tfeellikequitetherightfit.(她说，她和她的大学朋友们觉得有些职业是有声望的，尤其是金融、医药和法律领域。这就是为什么约翰逊-琼斯毕业后在投资银行工作了两年，尽管她觉得自己并不适合这份工作)”可知，约翰逊-琼斯结束了投资银行业的工作是因为她觉得接受一份有声望的工作很有压力。故选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thesekindsof“verytraditionalindustries”haveindeedcarriedprestige,saysJonahStillman,co-founderofGenGuru,afirmthatfocusesondifferentgenerationsintheworkplace.AsGenZjoinstheworkforce,however,expertsandyoungerworkerssaywhat’sconsidereda“prestigious”jobmaybeexpanding.Someyoungerworkersdostillreportmakingmoneyisprestigious,especiallyascostoflivingshootsup;andworkingforcertainfirmsorinspecificindustriescanmakeacareer.Butmanyalsoplaceequalstressonotherelements,suchasvaluesofthecompany,flexibility,andfreedomfromlong,intenseworkhours.(GenGuru的联合创始人乔纳•斯蒂尔曼表示，这些“非常传统的行业”确实拥有声望。GenGuru是一家专注于职场中不同年龄群体的公司。然而，随着Z世代加入职场，专家和年轻员工表示，被认为是“有声望”的工作可能会扩大。一些年轻的员工仍然认为赚钱是一种荣耀，尤其是在生活成本飙升的情况下；在特定的公司或特定的行业工作可以成为一种职业。但许多人也同样重视其他因素，比如公司的价值观、灵活性，以及摆脱长时间高强度工作的自由)”可知，第二段的要点是对年轻员工来说，“有声望的”工作的定义正在发生变化。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“April2023datafromLinkedInofmorethan7,000globalworkersshows64%ofGenZersintheUK,GermanyandIrelandnowconsideritimportanttoworkforcompaniesthatsharetheirvalues.(2023年4月，领英对全球7000多名员工的调查数据显示，在英国、德国和爱尔兰，64%的z世代员工现在认为为与自己价值观相同的公司工作很重要)”可知，在英国、德国和爱尔兰，大多数Z世代认为工作中最重要的是公司的价值观是否与他们一致。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Withagreaternumberofjobsbeingpostedonline,“peoplehavesomuchmoreaccesstoinformationtodaythanwedidwhenwewereapplyingforajob20-plusyearsago…Thisallowsyoutohavemuchbettervisibilityintoawealthofroles,”hesays.“Thatchangeintheworkplace,intheworkforce…isleadingpeopletounderstandthere’sawiderrangeofoptionsoutthere.”(他说，随着越来越多的职位在网上发布，“与20多年前我们求职时相比，如今人们获得信息的渠道要多得多……这让你能够更好地了解大量的职位。工作场所和劳动力的变化……让人们意识到，有更广泛的选择。”)”可知，获取潜在职业道路信息的渠道增加导致了Z世代对工作态度的改变。故选D。DBeingabletoresisthurricane-forcewindsisthekeytoanextendedlifeformanybuildingsontheEasternSeaboardandGulfCoastoftheUS.Determiningtherightlevelofwindstodesignforisdifficult,butsupportfromartificialintelligence(AI)mayofferasimplesolution.Equippedwith100yearsofhurricanedataandmodernAItechniques,researchersattheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)havecreatedanewmethodofdigitallysimulating(模拟)hurricanes.Stateandlocallawsrelatedtobuildingdesignandconstructionpointdesignerstostandardizedmaps.Onthesemaps,engineerscanfindthelevelofwindtheirstructuremustbeabletodealwithbasedonitslocationanditsrelativeimportance.Thewindspeedsinthemapscamefromscoresofhypothetical(假定的)hurricanessimulatedbycomputermodels.“Thesimulatedstorms,iftheybehavelikerealhurricanes,canbeusedtocreatethedatainthemapsalmostdirectly,”aresearchersaid.Intheresearch,thestudymaterialcameintheformoftheNationalHurricaneCenter’sAtlanticHurricaneDatabase2(HURDAT2),whichcontainsinformationabouthurricanesgoingbackmorethan100years.Theresearcherssplitdataonmorethan1,500stormsintosetsfortrainingandtestingtheirmodel.Whenchallengedtosimulateboththepathandspeedofhistoricalstormsithadnotseenbefore,themodelscoredhighly.Theresearchersalsousedthemodeltogeneratesetsof100years’worthofhypotheticalstorms.Itproducedthesimulationsinamatterofseconds,andtheresearcherssawalargedegreeofoverlap(重叠)withthegeneralbehavioroftheHURDAT2storms,suggestingthattheirmodelcouldrapidlyproducecollectionsofrealisticstorms.Sincethemodel’sunderstandingofstormsisconfinedtohistoricaldatafornow,itcannotsimulatetheeffectsthatclimatechangewillhaveonstormsofthefuture.However,theresearchersbelievethatwindmapsbasedontheirmodelwouldbetterreflectreality.Theyalsosuggestthatsimulatingasmanyrealistichurricanesaspossiblewiththenewapproachcanhelpdevelopimprovedguidelinesfordesigningbuildingsinregionsoftenattackedbyhurricanes.12.Howcanthenewmethodhelpextendthelifeofmanybuildings?A.Bycorrectlypredictingfuturehurricanepatterns.B.Byrecommendingproperbuildingmaterialstodesigners.C.Byprovidingaccuratewindspeedinformationfordesigners.D.Bygatheringdataondifferentkindsofweatherconditions.13.Whatdidresearchersusetheirmodeltodo?A.Findouttheregularityofhurricanes.B.AddhistoricalhurricanedatatoHURDAT2.C.Examinetheeffectofhurricanesonclimatechange.D.TestthepossibilityofusingAItoproducerealisticstorms.14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedpart“confinedto”inthelastparagraph?A.appliedto B.attachedto C.limitedto D.comparedto15.Howdotheresearchersfeelaboutthemodel?A.Confident. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Disappointed.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了研究人员利用人工智能和历史飓风数据创造了新的数字模拟方法，有助于改进建筑设计指南，提供更准确的风速信息来延长建筑物的使用寿命。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Beingabletoresisthurricane-forcewindsisthekeytoanextendedlifeformanybuildingsontheEasternSeaboardandGulfCoastoftheUS.Determiningtherightlevelofwindstodesignforisdifficult,butsupportfromartificialintelligence(AI)mayofferasimplesolution.(能够抵御飓风强度的风是延长美国东海岸和墨西哥湾沿岸许多建筑使用寿命的关键。很难确定正确的设计风力水平，但人工智能的支持可能会提供一个简单的解决方案。)”可知，人工智能通过为设计者提供准确的风速信息来帮助延长许多建筑物的使用寿命。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theresearchersalsousedthemodeltogeneratesetsof100years’worthofhypotheticalstorms.Itproducedthesimulationsinamatterofseconds,andtheresearcherssawalargedegreeof

overlapwiththegeneralbehavioroftheHURDAT2storms,suggestingthattheirmodelcouldrapidlyproducecollectionsofrealisticstorms.(研究人员还使用该模型生成了一组100年的假设风暴。它在几秒钟内完成了模拟，研究人员看到了很大程度的重叠，这表明他们的模型可以快速生成真实风暴的集合。)

”可知，研究人员使用该模型是为了测试使用人工智能生成逼真风暴的可能性。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Sincethemodel’sunderstandingofstormsis

confinedtohistoricaldatafornow,itcannotsimulatetheeffectsthatclimatechangewillhaveonstormsofthefuture.

(由于该模型对风暴的理解目前……历史数据，因此无法模拟气候变化对未来风暴的影响。)”可知，该模型无法模拟气候变化对未来风暴的影响，说明它目前还限于根据历史已有数据做出判断，而无法预测未来，因此“limitedto”可以解释划线短语，意为“限于”。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However,theresearchersbelievethatwindmapsbasedontheirmodelwouldbetterreflectreality.Theyalsosuggestthatsimulatingasmanyrealistichurricanesaspossiblewiththenewapproachcanhelpdevelopimprovedguidelinesfordesigningbuildingsinregionsoftenattackedbyhurricanes.(然而，研究人员认为，基于他们模型的风图会更好地反映现实。他们还建议，用新方法模拟尽可能多的真实飓风，有助于为经常遭受飓风袭击的地区制定更好的建筑设计指南。)”可知，研究人员对该模型充满信心。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Adultsgenerallydislikegettingolder.___16___It’snosurprise,then,thatmanykidslookforwardtotheirbirthdays,especiallythe16thbirthday.ForgirlsinAmerica,a“Sweet16”birthdayisanimportantrite(仪式)ofpassagethatcelebratesapproachingadulthood.IntheUnitedStates,the16thbirthdayisamarkthatagirlhascomeofage.Sheisnotalegaladultyet,butat16,manygirlscanbegintolearntodrive.___17___Formanyyouths,the16thbirthdayisacelebrationofwomanhoodandmarkstheendofthegirl’schildhood.Societyandmediaoftenputgreatimportanceonagirl’s16thbirthday.___18___Bothofthemhavegreatpersonalimportance.Theythinkoftheir16thbirthdayslikewomenthinkoftheirweddings.___19___Theeventcanbeheldinagarden,aparkorsomewhereelse.Often,agirlhasbeenplanningher16thbirthdaypartyforlongandhasaveryspecificideaaboutwhatshewantsandwhoshewantstoinvite.Aslongasshedoesn’twastemoney,lettingagirlplanher16thbirthdayisagreatwaytolethercreativityandpersonalityshine.Therearemanytheoriesabouthowthesweet16thbirthdaycameintobeing.MostconnectthebirthdaycelebrationwiththeMexicanQuinceanera,whichtakesplaceonagirl’s15thbirthday,orEuropeanancientcoming-of-agecelebrations.___20___A.Sheisstilljustalittlekid.B.Manypartiesshowagirl’sinterest.C.However,kidsfind“growingup”exciting.D.Thebigpartofasweet16thbirthdayistheparty.E.Theycangetjobsandtakeotheradultresponsibilities.F.Nomatterwherethecelebrationbegan,ithasbecomeatradition.G.Manymoviesshowgirls’16thbirthdaysarejustasimportantasgraduations.【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.D20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了美国女孩16岁生日的重要性，为此要举行派对庆祝活动。【16题详解】根据上文的“Adultsgenerallydislikegettingolder.

(成年人通常不喜欢变老。)”和下文的“It’snosurprise,then,thatmanykidslookforwardtotheirbirthdays,especiallythe16thbirthday.ForgirlsinAmerica,a“Sweet16”birthdayisanimportant

rite

ofpassagethatcelebratesapproachingadulthood.(因此，许多孩子期待他们的生日，尤其是16岁的生日，这并不奇怪。对于美国女孩来说，“甜蜜的16岁”生日是庆祝成年的重要仪式。)”可知，C项(然而，孩子们发现“成长”是令人兴奋的。)与上文构成转折关系，说明了成人和孩子在面对生日时不同的态度和反应，下文指出了孩子是因为盼望成人才期待生日的到来。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文的“IntheUnitedStates,the16thbirthdayisamarkthatagirlhascomeofage.Sheisnotalegaladultyet,butat16,manygirlscanbegintolearntodrive.(在美国，16岁生日是女孩成年的标志。她还不是法定的成年人，但到了16岁，许多女孩就可以开始学开车了。)”和下文的“Formanyyouths,the16thbirthdayisacelebrationofwomanhoodandmarkstheendofthegirl’schildhood.(对许多年轻人来说，16岁生日是对女性的庆祝，标志着女孩童年的结束。)”可知，E项(他们可以找到工作，承担其他成人的责任。)承接上文，进一步说明了女孩达到16岁后可以做的事情，看得出孩子是盼望的，下文的信息体现出了这一点。故选E项。【18题详解】根据上文的“Societyandmediaoftenputgreatimportanceonagirl’s16thbirthday.(社会和媒体通常非常重视女孩的16岁生日。)”和下文的“Bothofthemhavegreatpersonalimportance.Theythinkoftheir16thbirthdayslikewomenthinkoftheirweddings.(两者都具有重要的个人意义。他们想到16岁生日就像女人想到自己的婚礼一样。)”可知，G项(许多电影显示，女孩的16岁生日和毕业一样重要。)承接上文，举例说明了女孩的16岁生日的重要性，以支持段首句的说法，下文的两者指的是该项提到的“生日和毕业”。故选G项。【19题详解】根据下文的“Theeventcanbeheldinagarden,aparkorsomewhereelse.Often,agirlhasbeenplanningher16thbirthdaypartyforlongandhasaveryspecificideaaboutwhatshewantsandwhoshewantstoinvite.Aslongasshedoesn’twastemoney,lettingagirlplanher16th

birthdayisagreatwaytolethercreativityandpersonalityshine.(活动可以在花园、公园或其他地方举行。通常，一个女孩已经为她的16岁生日派对计划了很长时间，并且对于她想要什么和她想邀请谁有一个非常具体的想法。只要她不浪费钱，让一个女孩计划她的16岁生日是一个让她的创造力和个性发光的好方法。)”可知，D项(一个甜蜜的16岁生日最重要的部分就是派对。)能够作为话题句，引出下文对于生日派对重要性的说明。故选D项。【20题详解】根据上文的“Therearemanytheoriesabouthowthesweet16thbirthdaycameintobeing.MostconnectthebirthdaycelebrationwiththeMexicanQuinceanera,whichtakesplaceonagirl’s15thbirthday,orEuropeanancientcoming-of-agecelebrations.

(关于甜蜜的16岁生日是如何产生的，有很多理论。大多数人将生日庆祝活动与墨西哥的成人礼(在女孩的15岁生日举行)或欧洲古代的成年庆祝活动联系在一起。)”可知，F项(无论庆祝活动起源于哪里，它都已成为一种传统。)承接上文，指出上文提到的生日庆祝活动的起源地虽然不能准确予以确认，但已经传承下来。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenfamilymemberssharedstoriesofHodyduringhisfuneral,theywereinforasurprise.Theylearneda___21___he’dkeptforyearsandsawjusthow___22___hewas,notonlytothembuttotheirwholetown.ThefamilylearnedthatHodyhadbeen___23___moneytoGeraldineDrugsforanyonewhoactuallyneededhelpinpayingfortheir___24___.“Hestartedmakingdonations___25___aboutsevenoreightyearsagoand___26___anonymous(匿名的),”BrookeWalker,thepharmacy(药店)owner,said.Overtimethefundgrewtothousandsofdollars,andthustherewasenoughmoneytohelptwopeoplepermonthwholackedinsuranceto___27___theirprescriptions.Inlate2022,Hody’shealthchangedduetohisfightwithhealthproblems.Hesensedhewasapproachingthe___28___ofhisdayshere.Withitbecomingtoughertogetaround,heneededsomeoneto___29___hismissionofdeliveringhis$100billtoGeraldineDrugs.Hepassedthe___30___ontohisdaughterTania.TaniatoldBrookethatshewas___31___ofhisactionsallthistime,saying,“Iwas___32___—Ihadnoideathathewashelpingpeopleatthedrugstore.”HodydiedonNewYear’sDay,2023.The80-year-old’skindheartdefinitely___33___manypeopleinhiscommunity.Brookesaidthatmanypeoplehe’dhelpedoften___34___topayitforwardforsomeoneelse.Theyevenofferedtoputmoneybackintothefund.Thespiritof___35___continued.21.A.lesson B.belief C.journal D.secret22.A.humorous B.special C.rude D.mean23.A.donating B.adding C.awarding D.lending24.A.services B.meals C.medicines D.tickets25.A.daily B.monthly C.weekly D.yearly26.A.appeared B.proved C.remained D.became27.A.cover B.check C.switch D.receive28.A.rest B.top C.beginning D.end29.A.setup B.kickoff C.takeover D.carryout30.A.bill B.task C.tradition D.message31.A.afraid B.sure C.tired D.unaware32.A.shocked B.frightened C.ashamed D.annoyed33.A.comforted B.attracted C.blessed D.entertained34.A.promised B.returned C.refused D.pretended35.A.creating B.learning C.trying D.giving【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.C27.A28.D29.C30.B31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是