一般过去式和过去完成时以及现在完成时

GrammarPastPerfect1.Pliny

wroteabout

anextremelyterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe

hadwitnessed

asayoungman.2.However,morethan1,600yearsLater,somescientists

found

thelosttownsthat

hadbeen

buried

undertheashes.3.Beforetheeruption

occurred,it

hadbeenaboomingRomancity...4.Thebodiesofpeoplewho

had

diedinPompeii

leftimpressions

intheash...Readthesentencesandfindoutwhichactionhappenedbeforetheother.一般过去式标志词

yesterday,lastweek/year/month,justnow,inthepast,theotherday,时间段+ago,时间段+later例：Inthepast,hewasapoorfamer.Inthepastfewyears,hehasgrownintoanadult.现在完成时标志词

already,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/past+时间段；since，eversince,recently,lately例如：IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.过去完成时标志词threedaysbefore,bytheendoflastyear例：Ihadfinishedmytrainingbytheendoflastyear.PastPerfect:

aneventthathappenedearlierbeforetheotherpasteventinthesentencePastSimple:aneventinthepastPastPerfect1.Weuse

PastPerfect

totalkaboutaneventorsituationinthepastwhichhappenedbeforeotherpastevents.

BeforemyfathermovedtoAmerica,hehadnevermetaforeigner.2.Weusethe

PastPerfect

andthe

Past

Simple

inonesentencetoshowtheorderofpastevents.

WhenIarrived,Shehadleft.过去完成时构成：助动词had+动词的过去分词(p.p.)用法：过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前。

Hesaidthathehadmetyoubefore.Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedforeighthours.

2.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。

Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.3.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”

。

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.IhadpaidforthehotelwhenIsawmyoldfriendinthelobby.

ShehadwaitedfifteenminuteswhenIcame.

Beforetheirfathertookthemtoacinemain1955,theyhadn'tseenamovie.

Wehadn'tevenarrivedattheairportwhenourplanetookoff.过去完成时与现在完成时的比较

过去完成时与现在完成时的时间出发点不同。过去完成时以过去某个时间为基点，而现在完成时以现在作为时间的基点。因此，过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时。Tomisnothungry.Hehasjusthadbreakfast.Tomwasnothungry,Hehadjusthadbreakfast.(现在完成时)(过去完成时)过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前完成的动作。Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainhadleft.Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainleftat7:30.WhenIarrivedhome,Myparentshadhaddinner.WhenIarrivedhome,wehaddinnertogether.1.FilmmakerDavidMorris_________(be)interestedinthecinemasincehe_____(be)asmallchild.2.Thestudents___________(catch)thethiefbeforethepolicemencame.hasbeenwashadcaughtFillintheblankswithcorrecttenses.3.Myfriend________(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He__________(have)itfortwoyears.boughthashad4.Janelovestravelling,Herwork________(take)herallovertheworld.She________(be)toAfrica,India,Australia,ChinaandSouthAmerica.5.ThehousewasveryquietwhenIgothome.Everybody________(go)tobed.hastakenhasbeenhasgone6.Annietoldmethathisfather_________(go)toParisandhe____________(come)backinafewdays.hadgonewouldcome7.They____________(buy)ahouseontheislandin1987andthey__________(live)theresincethen.8.Andrew__________(do)thetestbefore,sohefounditveryeasy.9.Therewasacarbythesideoftheroad,It_________(break)down.Sowe________(stop)toseeifwecouldhelp.boughthavelivedhaddonehadbrokenstopped10.Afterhe______________(finish)hiswork,hewentout.hadfinished11.Thechildrenranawayafterthey___________(break)thewindow.hadbroken12.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe__________(go)out.hadgone1.Ididn’tgotothefilmlastweek,because_______________________(我已经看过两次了)2.Howmanywords_________________(已经学了)bytheendoflastterm?4.Shehadstartedtoplaythepiano_____________________(在她五岁时).IhadalreadyseenittwicehadyoulearnedattheageoffiveCompletethefollowingsentences.4.She______________________(给我们看裙子)shehadjustbought.5.HehadlearnedEnglish_______________(三年)beforehecamehere.forthreeyearsshowedustheskirt1.ThemomentIgottoschool,IfoundI

______myEnglishgrammarbookat

home.

A.hadleftB.left

C.haveleftD.wasleaving

2.WefirstmetTomonaplanein2005,

sowe______eachotherforabout

fouryearsbynow.

A.knewB.haveknown

C.hadknownD.knowChoosethebestanswers.AB3.—Doyouknowwhowonthematch?

—No!Thetwoteams__________.

A.hasbeenplayed

B.arestillplayed

C.arestillplaying

D.hadbeenplayed

4.Thecouplemadepeaceagainthatday.

Priortothen,they_____toeachother

fortwoweeks.

A.didn’tspeak

B.hadn’tspoken

C.haven’tspoken

D.haven’tbeenspeakingCB5.Whereishe?I_______formyfriendfornearlytwohours.A.werewaitingB.waitC.hadwaitedD.havebeenwaiting6