Unit2LessonsinLifeUsingLanguage语法详解课件高中英语选择性

外延选择性Book4Unit2

LessonsinLife

GrammarReview:PassiveVoiceTeachingObjectivesToreviewpassivevoiceTorewriteashortparagraphusingpassivevoiceTowriteastoryfromAesop’sFablesusingpassivevoiceTotalkaboutanotherfableandthelessonyou’velearntfromitLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandmatchthemtothereasonswhythepassivevoiceisused.aOndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevere

illness,…b...TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,...cAboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!1Thesubjectisnotknown,isunimportant,or“peopleingeneral”andcanbeomitted.cAboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!2Thefocusofthesentencesisontherecipientoftheaction,notonthesubjectofthesentence.aOndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,…3Thesubjectgoeswithlengthyexpressionsthatarebetterputattheend.b...TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,...longsubject

被动语态英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。以下几种情况常用被动语态：1)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2)为了强调动作的承受者；3)主语有较长的修饰语时；4)通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。一、常见时态被动语态构成一览表(以及物动词do为例）

时态形式

构成

例句

现

在

时一般式am/is/aredoneAfriendisneverknowntillamanhasneed.[谚语】患难识挚友进行式am/is/arebeingdoneHehastogotoworkonfootbecausehiscarisbeingrepaired.完成式has/havebeendoneIhavebeentoldthatwewillmovetothemonth.

时态形式

构成

例句过去时一般式was/weredoneAllthestudentswereinspiredbytheinspiringspeech.进行式was/werebeingdoneTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemachinewerebeingdiscussedwheniwentintothemeetingroom.完成式hadbeendoneWhenwegottheretheworkhadbeenfinished.将来时一般式will/shallbedoneis/am/aredoingtobedoneis/am/aretobedone1.Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.2.Theactivtiesaregoingtobereplannedduetotheunexpectedfactors.过去式wouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedonewas/weretobedone1.Theteachertoldusthatanewexperimentwouldbeperformancedthenextday.2.Hesaidthatthevisitwastobechangedfornoreason.二、被动语态值得注意事项（1）含情态动词的被动语态：构成：情态动词+be+done

1）Nowadays,solarenergy______________(canuse)toproduceelectricityinmanycountries.(2）接双宾语的动词变成被动语态。有些动词在主动句中常接双宾语（一般人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语）。在变成被动语态中，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变‘如果直接诶宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。

1）Wegavehimtheletter.=He________(give)theletterbyus.=Theletterwasgiven____himbyus.2.Heboughtmysonabirthdaygift.=Myson______________(buy)abirthdaygiftbyhim.=Abirthdaygiftwasbought_______mysonbyhim.(3)将

含有“动词+介词/副词”类动词短语（如lookafter,puton,takecareof,payattentionto)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。改错：1）Theoldwomanhasneithersonnordaughter,sosheisoftenlookedbyherneighbors.

2.Everymistakeinyourarticleshouldbepaidattention.

canbeusedwasgiventowasboughtforlooked后面加afterattention后加to(3)被动语态除用“be+及物动词-ed形式”构成外，还可用“get+及物动词-ed形式”结构。常见的可与get连用的过去分词有broken,burned,caught,drowned,drunk,fired,hurt,wounded,lost等。表示一种被动或状态。如：Igotbadlyburnedbythesunyesterday.Thechilrengotlostintheforest,whichmadetheirparentsworried.(4)如果要强调执行者，可在后面加by+执行者（代词为宾格）。Tom/Hecleanedallthewindowsyesterday.AllthewindowswerecleanedbyTom/him.(5)betorent/blame为固定结构。Heistoblameforhisspoiledchildren.Whois__________(blame)forthemistake谁应为此错误接受谴责？三、不能用于被动语态的情况（1）不及物动词无被动语态。如：appear,last,come,go,happen,breakout,tobeblametakeplace,occur等。(2)系表结构被动语态。如sound,look,taste,smell等。(3)部分短语动词可以带宾语，但没有被动语态，如belongto,addupto,datebackto,consistof,takepartin等。(4)有些及物动词也没有被动语态，如have(有),cost,lack(缺少),own,wish,fit等。JohnSmithalwayslacksconfidence.(√)ConfidenceisalwayslackedbyJohnSmith.(×)(5)当sell,read,keep,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn,close等所在句子有副词easily,well,smoothly,softly等，为不及物动词，不能用被动语态。1)Thekindofclothwasheseasily.2)HaveyouboughtthebooksthatsellwellthesedaysIthinkitissuitableforusteenagers.3)Thefruitsdoen’tkeepwell,soputthemintothefreezer.（6）prove后面跟形容词或tobe结构，prove为联系动词，没有被动语态。如：Astimewenton,histheoryproved(tobe)correct.四、非谓语中主动和被动的特殊点1)在动词need,require,want表示“某人、某物需要被干什么”，或deserve表示“值得被干什么”，用动名词主动表达被动关系或用不定式被动。如：Thehouseneeds_________/______________(repair).Hedeserved_____________/______________/________________________(encourage).2)在某些“主语（人或物）+be+adj.+不定式”中，不定式用主动表达被动。常见形容词用easy,difficult,hard,fit,important,nice,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Theproblemisdifficult__________(solve).3)在“beworth…”结构用主动表达被动，在“beworthy…”结构中用不定式的被动或加of再用动名词的被动。Theplaceofinterestisworth______(visit).Theplaceofinterestisworthy________________/of_____________(visit)

repairingtoberepairedencouragementencouragingtobeencouragedtosolvevisitingtobevisitedbeingvisited4)不定式作后置定语，和所修饰的名词和代词为动宾关系，能在这句话中扎到执行者用主动，找不到执行者则用被动。1)Ihavesomethingimportant______(do)thisevening.2)Themeeting_____________(hold)tomorrowisabouttheelectionofthemonitor.5)在主动语态中，动词see,make,hear,watch,notice等后面的宾补动词不定式不带to，但变成被动句时，必须加上to。Theymadehimgotherealone.-----Hewasmadetogotherealonebythem.todotobeheldNowlookformoresentenceswiththepassivevoiceinthereadingpassageandtalkaboutwhyitisused.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.ReadingthisbookmademefeelasifI'dbeenwokenupfromalongsleepandfinallyopenedmyeyestotheworld!…TuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofover-emotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhich

arerepeated.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularculture......,knowingthatyouarelovedandhavelovedothersasmuchasyoucould.Activity2Rewritetheparagraphusingthepassivevoicewhereappropriate.Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidsowasAesop’sFables,acollectionofstoriesthathistorycreditstoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.PeoplebelievethathelivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichAesopusedtoreflecthumantraitsandwisdom.EachfableteachesalifelessonthatAesopsummarisesinashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoral.Today,childrenandadultsallaroundtheworldstillenjoyAesop’sFables.Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassdownwisdomthroughgenerations.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidjustthiswasAesop’sFables,acollectionofstoriesthatwascreditedtoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.ItisbelievedthatAesoplivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichwereusedtoreflecthumantraitsandwisdombyAesop.Eachfableteachesalifelessonthatissummarised

inashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoralToday,Aesop’sFablesarestillenjoyedtodaybychildrenandadultsallaroundtheworld.Activity3Onedayalittlemousewascaughtbyalion...Onedayalittlemousewascaughtbyalion.Thelionwantedtoeatthemouse,butthemousesaidthathewouldhelpthelionsomeday,ifhewasletgo.Thelionthought,“Howcanagreatanimalbehelpedbyalittleanimal”Butthemousewasallowedtoleave.Severaldayslater,thelionwascaughtbythehunter’snet.Themousebitthenetwithhisstrongteethandhelpedthelionout.Thankstothelittlemouse,thelionwassavedandfinallyadmittedthatthestrongcouldsometimesbehelpedbytheweak.LookatthepicturesandwritethestoryfromAesop’sFables.Usethepassivevoicewhereappropriate.

Practise一、单句语法填空1.Themoreregularlytheycan______(inspect),themorerailwaysafety,rebialibityandnone-timeperformance_____(improve).2.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike---frequentlybyplane---_____(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetheandexchangeinformation.3.Currently,about35,000works___(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwilltakealifetimetoseeeveything.4.Thewomanwaswalkingaboutoutsidetheoperationroom,becauseherson_____(operate)on.5.Tohersurprise,greatchanges_______(take)placeandlotsoffactories_____(set)upduringthepast10yearsinherhometown.6.Thebookissaid_________(translate)intomanylanguagessofar.7.It______(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastiesandhasnowbeencompletelyrestores.8.Ineed_____(go)homenow,becausemycoatneeds_____(mend).9.Thebagwasveryheavy_____(carry),sotheboyhadtoaskhisfathertohelp.10.Thelittleboyisoftenheard_______(sing)thesameEnglishsongnearby.11.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_____(repay)laterinlife.12.Experimentsofthiskind______(conduct)inboththeU.SandEuropewellbeforetheWorldWarⅡ.13.Ilikethisnewpen,becauseit_____(write)smoothly.14.Myunclemadeitclearthathisnovel_____(publish)thenextmonth.15.---MrLiaskedhisboss,“Doyouhaveanymaterials____(type)today”---No.Ihavehadthem____(type).二、用语篇连语法

EveryApril,there1.____(be)aspecialdaywhenpeoplerememberandhonortheirancestors.It2.___(call)theTomSweepingDay,alsoknownastheQingmingFestival.TheTombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.It3.___(begin)over2,000yearsago.AlotofpoemsaboutQingming4.___(write)bytheendoftheTangDynasty.Awell-knownpoembytheTangDynastypoetDUMu5.___(describe)theday:“RainsfallheavilyasQingmingcomes,andpassers-bywithloweredspiritsgo.”TheTomb