Environmental Biotechnology智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年哈尔滨工业大学

EnvironmentalBiotechnology智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年哈尔滨工业大学

答案:对Denitrificationrequiressufficientcarbonsources,andwhenthereisinsufficientcarbonsourceinthewastewater,externalcarbonsourceisneeded.

(

)

答案:对Biologicalnitrogenandphosphorusremovalmustincludebothfacultative/anaerobicandaerobicprocesses.

(

)

答案:对Fornormalbiofilmprocessoperation,theoperatingfluxliesinthehigh-loadregion.(

)

答案:对Nitrifiesareobligateaerobes,andtheyuseO2

forrespirationandasadirectreactantfortheinitialmonooxygenationofNH4+

toNH2OH(hypdroxylamine).

(

)

答案:对AlteringtheSRTcanleadtochangesinsludgesettlingcharacteristics.ThedecreaseinSRTalways

leadstopoorersuspended-solidscapture.（

）

答案:错Threedistinctcausesofsludgebulking:lowdissolvedoxygen,shortSRT,andinputreducedsulfur.（

）

答案:错AllmicrobialreactionsareassumedtooccurinthebiofilmandsuspendedflocswhenwewanttoapplythesteadystatebiofilmmodelinInthecompletelymixedbiofilmreactor(CMBR).(

)

答案:错Denitrificationcanonlybecarriedoutinanaerobiccondition.(

)

答案:错Theworkablefluxforbiofilmprocessiscontrolledbysubstrateconcentration.(

)

答案:错Theorganicacidconcentrationisakeyindicatorofanaerobicsystemperformance.(

)

答案:对TheremovalofBODL

orwastestabilizationtotallydependsonmethaneformation.(

)

答案:对Biomassitselfcanbeusedaselectrondonorindenitrification.

(

)

答案:对Whataretheadvantagesofanaerobicammoniumoxidation(ANAMMOX)comparedtotraditionalnitrogenremovalprocess（

）.

答案:Highernitrogenremovalrate;Significantsavingsinaerationenergy;Lowersludgeproduction;NoneedfororganiccarbonThetricklingfiltershavethefollowingcharacteristicscurrently,including(

).

答案:effluentisneededtoberecycled;settlerisneeded;three-phaseconditionUnderanaerobicconditions,whichofthefollowingcanactaselectronacceptor(

).

答案:carbondioxide;nitrate;sulfateWhenusingthepseudo-analyticalprocedureforasteady-statebiofilm,fcanbecomputedtodetermineifthebiofilmisdeeporshallow.Whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect(

).

答案:thebiofilmisdeepwhenf=

1.0.;thebiofilmisdeepwhenfapproaches1.0.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaboutthecharacteristicsoftwo-stageanaerobictreatment:(

).

答案:Theliquidretentiontimeofthesecondreactornormallyis8to10d.;Theoverallvolumeofthetwo-phasesystemislessthanforaconventionalone-reactorCSTR.;ThesludgeorothercomplexorganicsubstrateisfirsttreatedinaCSTRthathasashortdetentiontime,1to2d.Thefollowingequationisanoverall,balancedreactionforthecompleteoxidationofNH4+

toNO3--Nbynitrifieshavingθx=15dandfs=0.067,NH4+

+1.815O2

+0.1304CO2

=0.0261C5H7O2N+0.973NO3-

+0.921H2O+1.973H+.Itrepresentsatypicalsituationforbothnitrifiestypestogether.Thisstoichiometricequationillustrateswhichofthefeaturesofnitrification（

）.

答案:Nitrificationcreatesamajoroxygendemand;Thelownetsynthesisofnitrifiesbiomass;Nitrificationproducesalmosttwostrong-acidequivalentspermoleofNH4+

removedWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnitrificationistrue?（

）

答案:Thesludgeageofnitrificationmustbegreaterthanitsminimumgenerationperiod;NitrificationconsumesalkalinityandlowersthepHofthesystem

答案:Thehalf-saturationcoefficientKfordissolvedoxygenisgenerallylessthan1mg/L,therefore,dissolvedoxygenshouldbekeptatlesswhatvaluetokeepoxygennon-limiting?(

)

答案:2mg/LWhichofthefollowingsshowsthegrowth-basednormalizationofthereaction?(

)

答案:1/YCODsubstrateà

(1-Y)/YCODproduct+1CODbiomassWhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?(

)

答案:Theinertbiomassisincludedinthevolatilesuspendedsolidsconcentration.Whichofthefollowingorganismsownsthehighesttrueyieldintheirtypicaloperatingconditions?(

)

答案:AerobicheterotrophsWhichofthefollowingparametersisthemosteconomicimportanceintricklingfiltersandbiologicaltowerdesign(

).

答案:volumetricloadingWhichofthefollowingistheuniqueoperatingparameterinrotatingbiologicalcontactors(RBC)?(

)

答案:thepercentsubmergenceWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsoftheidealizedbiofilm:(

).

答案:remainsabovezeroatallpointsinthedeepbiofilm.Therateatwhichactivebiomassisconvertedtoinertbiomassisthedifferencebetweentheoveralldecayrateandthetruerespirationdecayrate.(

)

答案:对Itisionizedammoniumion,nottheammonia,moreoftencausesinhibition.(

)

答案:错Theclarifierusedinhigh-ratesystem(tricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower)istorecyclethebiomass.(

)

答案:错Theclosejuxtapositionofcellsinabiofimisimportantfortheexchange.(

)

答案:对Nitrogengas

andCO2

arenotincludedintheASM1.(

)

答案:对Inthecompletelymixedbiofilmreactor(CMBR)，activebiomassinthereactorandtheeffluentisatconcentrationXa

andcomessolelyfromdetachmentfromthebiofilm.(

)

答案:对Safetyfactorstypicallyrangefromaroundfivetohundredsinpractice.(

)

答案:对Whetherthebiofilmcarriersareused,thetotalmassofactivebacteriawasnotincreasedowingtothesamesubstratebeingtreated.(

)

答案:错Kineticsdefinehowfastthereactionsoccur.(

)

答案:对AlargeS*min

indicatesthatbiofilmaccumulationstronglylimitssubstrateutilization.(

)

答案:对VeryhighconcentrationsoftheelectrondonorortoolowconcentrationsofDOconcentrationcanleadtoaccumulationofthedenitrificationintermediates:NO,NO2,andN2O.

(

)

答案:错Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJT)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.(

).

答案:错Abalancedreactionmusthavethesameamountofmassinmole.(

)

答案:错Aspecialcaseofshallowiscalledfullypenetratedwhenthesubstrateconcentrationhasnegligiblegradient.(

)

答案:对Thefunctionoftheselectoristochangeorselecttheecologyoftheactivatedsludgesystemtowardsorganismswithgoodsettlingcharacteristics.（

）

答案:对Hydrogengas(H2)isanexcellentelectrondonorforautotrophicdenitrification.Itsadvantagesinclude(

).

答案:Lowercostperelectronequivalentcomparedtoorganiccompounds;Absolutelynoreducednitrogenadded;LessbiomassproductionthanwithheterotrophsNitrifiesaresensitivetoinhibitionfromarangeoforganicandinorganiccompounds,including(

).

答案:Anionicsurfactantsandheavymetals;Chlorinatedorganicchemicals;UnionizedNH3

(athigherpH);UndissipatedHNO2(usuallyatlowpH)Theperformanceofananaerobicsludgedigestercan

measuredby:(

).

答案:Thenetsludgeproduction.;Biodegradablesolidsdestruction.Adigestermustaccomplishtwogoals:(

).

答案:ThestabilizationoftheBODL

tomethane.;Thebiodegradablevolatilesuspendedsolidsmustbehydrolyzed.Thewayofdigestermixing:(

).

答案:Thedigestergasiscompressedandinjectedintotheliquidthroughlancesordiffusers.;Acombinationofabovethreeways.;Mechanicalmixers,usuallyslowspeedturbines,createliquidmotioninsidethedigester.;Theliquidcontentsarerecirculatedbypumpingthemfromonelocationtoanother.Whatarethetwomainstagesinbiologicalphosphorusremoval?(

)

答案:Anaerobicphosphorusrelease;AerobicphosphorusuptakeWhich

canbeexploitedtoremovephosphorusaspartofamicrobiologicaltreatmentprocess?（

）

答案:Precipitationbymetal-saltsadditiontoamicrobiologicalprocess;Normalphosphorusuptakeintobiomass;EnhancedbiologicalphosphorusuptakeintobiomassWhichofthefollowingcanbeusedasindicatorstoindicatethesystemhasalongSRT.(

)

答案:Rotifers;othermulticellularforms;nematodesThechangeinrateofchemicalreactionwithtemperatureisgenerallyexpressedas:(

).

答案:Themainendproductsafteranaerobictreatmentare(

).

答案:Carbondioxideandmethane.;Biomassandwater.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescouldpreventmassivedetachmentofbiofilm(

).

答案:decreasethehydraulicloading;decreasetheairventilation;aproperspeedofrotarydistributionarmsTheacid/basenatureofthehydroxycomplexesmeansthattheironoraluminumspeciationispHdependent.AtlowerpH,thedominantspeciesare（

）.

答案:Al(OH)3;Fe(OH)2+;Fe(OH)3Thevolatilesuspendedsolidsconcentrationfollowsthetrendof(

).

答案:activebiomassIfthefixedparametersare:Df=2cm2/d,Xf=40mg/cm3,qmax=10mg/mgd,K=0.001mg/cm3,Ss=0.01mg/cm3,pleasecomputethevaluesofJ.

(

)

答案:Jdeep

=3.5mg/cm2dThefundamental“law”ofthesteady-statebiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept.(

)

答案:Which

ofthefollowinghasarelativelyshortdetentiontime(

).

答案:ContactStabilizationAssumingthatallreactantsandproductsareunitactivity,exceptpH=7.Whichofthefollowingelectrondonorsandelectronacceptorspairsdonotrepresenttheenergyreactionsforbacterialgrowth.(

)

答案:Electrondonor:aceticacid,

Electronacceptor:H+(reducedtoH2)Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhyresearcherswouldliketouseamodel?(

)

答案:ToreplaceexperimentsWhichofthefollowingsisconsideredinASM1?(

)

答案:NitrateWhichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?(

)

答案:NitriteisconsideredinASM1.OverallReactionsR=(

).

答案:fe

Ra+fs

Rc–RdWhenphosphorusisremovedaspartofbiologicaltreatment,metalsaltscanbeaddedtotheinfluentwastewater,directlytotheaerationbasin,ortothemixedliquorbeforeitgoestothesettler.()

答案:对OnepossibledrawbackoftheUCTprocessisthatthesludgerecyclereturnsNO3-totheanaerobictank.()

答案:错TheoverallreactionfromNO3-toN2reducetheNby5electronequivalentsperN.()

答案:对Almostallbio-filmsystemworkwellforde-nitrification,aslongasoxygentransfercanbekepttoaminimumandpluggingdoesnotoccur.()

答案:对Keepingtheorganicloadingbelow2to6kgBODL/(1,000m2d)makesitpossibletomaintainasufficientbulk-liquidDO.()

答案:对About15to20percentoftheorganicmatterisconvertedintobiologicalsolidsinanaerobictreatment.（）

答案:错Theprocessofanaerobictreatmentcanbebrokenintowhichofthefollowingsteps:().

答案:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.;Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.AnabsoluteminimumvalueofθxtoallowstablemethanogenesisforaCSTRis:().

答案:10day.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsofbaffledreactor:().

答案:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.Thesuccessfulstart-upandoperationofananaerobicsystemrequires:().

答案:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.;Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.;AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.;Bringthesystemtotemperature.TheprimarydesigncriterionofCSTRcontains:().

答案:Detentiontime.;Thevolatile-solidsloadingrate.Thecontentsofthedigestercanbeheatedthrough:().

答案:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.;Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers;Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.Possiblemethodstocontroltoxicityinanaerobictreatments:().

答案:Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.;Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.;Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.;MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.Estimatingthemethaneproductionofanaerobictreatmentprocessforwastewatercontaining1.0Mglucose:().

答案:2.4mol.Theroutinemeasurementofvolatileacidconcentrationisofgreat-importanceintheoperationandcontrolofanaerobicsystem.（）

答案:对Advantagesofanaerobictreatmentinclude().

答案:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.;Highorganicloadingispossible.;Produceusefulendproducts.Whatisthepurposeoftheeffluentrecyclelineintwo-phasesystemoffluidized-bed?()

答案:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem;controltheupwardflowvelocityThemicrobialpopulationinbiofilmandactivatedsludgearedifferentinspeciesowingtothedifferencesinthemicroorganismaccumulatedformation,althoughtherearesameelectrondonorsandacceptors.()

答案:对Themediumwillnotmoveextensivelywhenitisuniforminfluidized-bedreactor.()

答案:错Thechangingofinfluent(Q)isusuallycontrolledtochangthesurfaceloadingoftricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower.()

答案:错Inbiologicalcontactors(RBC),thepercentsubmergenceistoohighandmightleadto().

答案:odor;oxygendeficit;highersuspendsludgeForaconventionaldesignfortheactivatedsludgetreatmentofdomesticsewage,theF/Mratiosuggestedis0.25to0.5kgBOD5perdayperkgMLSS.（）

答案:对Inmostsituations,theelectrondonor,ortheBOD,isratelimitingformicroorganismreproductionandgrowth.（）

答案:对Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostpopularreactorconfigurationsbeingusedinwastewatertreatmentthesedays().

答案:CompletelymixedTheconventionalactivatedsludgesystemcouldremoveBOD5andsuspendedsolids(SS)by()percentormoreformunicipalsewagetreatment.

答案:85Secondaryconsumersintheactivatedsludgesysteminclude:().

答案:predators;prokaryotes;chemolithotrophicbacteriaNitriteisincludedinASM1.()

答案:错Whichofthefollowingshouldbebalancedinamodel?()

答案:COD;charges;elementsHydrolysisisusuallysimulatedviafirstorderkinetic.()

答案:对Anabolismisrelatedtotherateofsubstrateuptakebyayield.()

答案:对BothanoxicandaerobicgrowthofheterotrophsareconsideredinASM1.()

答案:对K*comparesexternalmasstransporttothemaximumutilizationrate.K*lessthan1meansthatthesubstrateutilizationiscontrolledbyexternalmasstransport.()

答案:对Theidealizedbiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept().

答案:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.S*min

represents

thegrowthpotentialinthesteady-state-biofilmmodel,andS*min

muchlessthan1.0indicatesthenetpositivegrowthismuchgreaterthantheloss.(

)

答案:对Theresultofmass-transportresistanceisthatthesubstrateconcentrationsatanypositioninthebiofilmusuallyarelowerthaninthebulkliquid.()

答案:对Thefollowingdescriptionofthefundamental“law”ofthesteady-statebiofilmiscorrect.()

答案:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.Themodelofasteady-statebiofilmrequiressimultaneoussolutionof().

答案:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm;mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.;mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.;boundaryandcontinuityconditions.Thefundamentalunderstandingofasteady-statebiofilmisthatthebiomassperunitsurfacearea(XfLf)isconstantintime,andthebiomassatanyonelocationisatsteadystate.

答案:错

答案:ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoa