自学考试密押题库与答案解析英语词汇学自考题模拟5

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

英语词汇学自考题模拟5

I.

Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosethe

onethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.

问题:1.Atricyclehaswheels.

A.one

B.two

C.three

D.four

答案:C词缀〃tr-〃是表示数字的前缀，它表示的意思是〃三……"。例如，atriangle指的

是三角形。

问题：2.Theidiom"Jackofalltrades"resultsfrom.

A.addition

B.position-shifting

C.dismembering

0.shortening

答案:D缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格言或者谚语中，这些格言或谚语以一部分指

代整个句子所代表的含义。习语Jackofalltrades"的完整形式是Jackofalltrades

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

andmasterofnone”o

问题：3.Degradationofmeaningistheoppositeof.

A.semantictransfer

B.semanticpejoration

C.semanticelevation

0.semanticnarrowing

答案:C

问题：4.isunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historical

period,andtheexperienceofindividuals.

A.Stylisticmeaning

B.Connotativemeaning

C.Collocativemeaning

D.Affectivemeaning

答案:B内涵意义(connotativemeaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗示意思和相关联

想。词语的内涵意义是不稳定的根据不同的文化、历史时期和个人的经历而呈现出差异性。

问题:5.Inthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedin.

A.onlyoneword

B.twowords

C.morethanthreewords

0.differentwords

答案:D一般来说，词的〃意义”的意义就是指的〃语义〃(sense),它和所指(reference)

不同。"sense〃指的是语言内部的关系。一个表达的语义就是其在一门语言中，在它和其

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

他表达所形成的语义关系系统中所处的位置。

问题:6.Themeaningofawordisinfluencedimmediatelyby.

A.linguisticcontext

B.situationalcontext

C.grammaticalcontext

D.extra-linguisticcontext

答案:A在句子中，词的意思直接受到其语言环境(linguisticcontext)的影响。语言环境包括

词汇语境(lexicalcontext)和语法语境(grammaticalcontext)，在前者中，词的意思受到其

临近的词的影响；在后者中，词的意思受到其所在的结构的影响。

问题：7.Synchronically,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofword-meaning

called.

A.primarymeaning

B.derivedmeaning

C.centralmeaning

0.secondarymeaning

答案:C从共时性的角度来看，一词多义现象是指某一个词所具有的不同的意思在一定的历

史时期共存的现象。在这种情况下，一个词的基本意思(basicmeaning)就构成了词义的核

心,被称为"中心意思"

(centralmeaning)o

问题:8.InShakespeareanline"ratsandmiceandsuchsmalldeer"，"deer"

obviouslydesignates”wingeneral.

A.adoe

B.animal

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

C.adeer-likeanimal

D.buck

答案:B

问题:9.BothLDCEandCCELDare.

A.generaldictionaries

B.monolingualdictionaries

C.bothAandB

0.neitherAnorB

答案:B

问题:10.Iftwomainconstituentsofanidiomsharethesameinitialsound,itis

called.

A.repetition

B.alliteration

C.thyme

D.noneoftheabove

答案:B头韵（alliteration）指两个或两个以上的单词首字母相同，从而形成悦耳的读音。常见

的押头韵的短语有：firstandforemost（首先），（with）mightandmain（尽全力地），chop

andchange（变化无常）等。脚韵或尾韵（rhyme）指的是不同的词结尾音相同。例如，fairand

square（光明正大，诚实）。反复（repetition脂的是同一个词的重复。例如，outandout（完

完全全）。因此，本题应选择

Bo

问题:11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Everywordhasreference.

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

B.Everywordhassense.

C.Everywordissemanticallymotivated.

D.Everywordisconceptuallymotivated.

答案:B〃所指〃表示的是语言和客观世界的关系。〃意义〃的意义也就是所说的语义，即

sense而sense表示的是语言内部的关系。每一个有意义(meaning)的词都有语义(sense),

但是并不是每一个词都有〃所指〃。例如if,but,yes等词在客观世界中没有任何指代的

对象。

问题:12.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof

A.humour

B.sarcasm

C.ridicule

D.alltheabove

答案:D

问题:13.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTformedthroughclipping?

A.Dorm.

B.Motel.

C.Gent.

D.Zoo.

答案:B截短法(dipping)是指把一个词的一部分截去，而只用剩余的部分的方法。例如

dorm(dormitory),gent(gentleman),zoo(zoologicalgarden)等。题目中的"motel”

是从两个词中各取一部分拼缀在一起构成的词,使用的方法是拼缀法(blending),即

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

“motel=motor+hotel”。

问题:14.Whichofthefollowingbelongstonumberprefixes?

A.Auto-.

B.Mis-.

C.Hemi-.

D.Pre-.

答案:C

I、可题:15.Thereisnodifferencebetweennaturalvitaminsandsyntheticvitamins.

Thesynonymof"synthetic"is.

A.artificial

B.rhetoric

C.practical

0.theoretical

答案:A

问题:16.Therearemajorclassesofcompounds.

A.two

B.four

C.three

D.five

答案:C复合词主要有三类：名词性复合词，形容词性复合词和动词性复合词。

问题:17.AftertheinvadingGermanictribes,settleddowninBritain,theirlanguage

almosttotallyblottedout.

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

A.OIdEnglish

B.MiddleEnglish

C.Anglo-Saxon

D.Celtic

答案:D在罗马人之后，Angles,Saxons和Jutes几个日耳曼的部落入侵英国，他们的语言

Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁-萨克逊语）占据了优势地位，而Celtic（凯尔特语）几乎被湮没。

问题:18.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningofdifferentlevels;lexis,syntax,

utterance,discourse,etc.

A.linguistic

B.grammatical

C.arbitrary

0.semantic

答案:A

问题:19.Neologismsarenewly-createdwords,expressionsorwordsthathave

takenonmeanings.

A.new

B.old

C.bad

D.good

答案:A

问题:20.TheNormansinvadedEnglandin1066.TheNormanConqueststarteda

continualflowofwordsintoEnglish.

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

A.French

B.Greek

C.Roman

D.Latin

答案:A

问题:21."Mackintosh",Mbloomers"and"cherub"arefrom.

A.namesofbooks

B.namesofplaces

C.namesofpeople

D.tradenames

答案:C题目中的"mackintosh”「bloomers"和〃cherub"三个词来自于早期的人名，

这些人主要是科学家和发明家等。来自于苏格兰发明家现

"mackintosh"Mackintoshz

在表示〃防水胶布，雨衣〃；"bloomers〃源自于纽约的Bloomers女士，意思是〃灯笼

裤〃；"cherub〃一词来自于古时神话中的一个人物Cherub,其现在的意思是〃漂亮的小

男孩〃。

问题:22.Thesuffixesinwords"clockwise","homeward”are.

A.nounsuffixes

B.verbsuffixes

C.adverbsuffixes

D.adjectivesuffixes

答案:C〃-ly〃，"-ward",〃-wise"等词缀是副词词缀。题目中"clockwise"的意思是

〃顺时针地〃；"homeward"的意思是〃向家；在归途上〃。

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

问题:23.Sensedenotestherelationshipsthelanguage.

A.outside

B.with

C.beyond

D.inside

答案:D

问题:24."Hopeless"isamotivatedword.

A.morphologically

B.onomatopoeically

C.semantically

D.etymologically

答案:A复合词和派生词都是多词素词，而且它们中许多词的意思都是各自词素意思的联合，

也就是说在很多情况下，如果我们知道每一个词素的意思，即词缀或词根的意思，就可以猜

出词的意思。例如，"hopeless"的意思就是〃hope〃和〃-less"两部分的意思的联合，

即〃没有希望〃。

问题:25.refertooneoftwoormorewordsintheEnglishlanguagewhich

havethesameorverynearlythesameessentialmeaning.

A.Polysemants

B.Synonyms

C.Antonyms

D.Hyponyms

答案:B

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

问题:26.Themeaningof"meat"changedfrom"food"to"fleshofanimals"by

modeof.

A.extension

B.narrowing

C.elevation

0.degradation

答案:B词义的缩小(narrowing)指的是一个含义宽泛的词获得了更为具体的意思。题目中的

“meat"一词原意是〃食物〃，而现在指〃(动物的)肉〃，词义缩小。

问题:27.Theoriginalmeaningoftheword"silly"was.

A.sad

B.jealous

C.happy

D.foolish

答案:C词义的降格(degradation)指的是具有褒义的词获得了贬义或者不含感情色彩的词

变成了贬义词。题目中的原意是〃快乐的〃，现在的意思是〃愚蠢的〃。

问题:28."Fromcradletograve"isanexampleof.

A.simile

B.metaphor

C.synecdoche

D.metonymy

答案:D转喻(metonymy)是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替代的

修辞方法。习语"inthecradle"指的是〃童年时光"，〃thegrave"指〃死亡〃。

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

问题:29."Byhookandbycrook'*manifeststherhetoricalfeatureof.

A.alliteration

B.thyme

C.reiteration

0.repetition

答案:B如果两个词或者两行诗句押脚韵，则其结尾有相同的发音。本题中〃byhookand

crook"就是一例。

问题:30.Extensionisaprocessbywhichawordthatoriginallyhadaspecialized

meaninghasnowbecome.

A.generalized

B.expanded

C.elevated

0.degraded

答案:A

n.

Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingto

thecoursebook.

问题:1.Accordingtosemanticists.awordisaunitof.

答案:meaning

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

问题：2.IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglish

wasoneof.

答案：leveledendings

问题：3.istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclassto

anotherclass.

答案:Conversion

问题：4.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand

答案:associativemeaning

问题：5.Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderone

whereashomonymsarelistedasseparateentries.

答案:headword

问题:6.Whenidiomsareusedinactualcontext,theydoexperiencechanges

suchasdifferentformsofverbs,agreementofpersonalpronouns,numberandso

on.

答案:grammatical

问题：7.Encyclopedicdictionarieshavethecharacteristicsofbothand

encyclopedia.

答案:linguisticdictionaries

问题:8.Awordisaformthatcanfunctioninasentence.

答案:free

问题：9.Physicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwordsis

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

context.

答案:non-linguistic

问题:10.LDCEisadictionary.

答案：monolingual

m.

Definethefollowingterms.

问题:Ldegradation

答案：Degradationisaprocesswherebywordsofgoodoriginfallintoillreputation

ornon-affectivewordscometobeusedinderogatorysense.

问题2denizens

答案：Denizensarewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilated

intotheEnglishlanguage.

问题:3.stem

答案:Astemcanbedefinedasaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.

问题：4.back-formation

答案：Back-formationisthemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposed

suffixes.

问题:5.concatenation

答案：Concatenation,meaning"linkingtogether1',isthesemanticprocessinwhich

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

themeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsfirstsensebysuccessive

shiftsuntil；inmanycases,thereisnotasignofconnectionbetweenthesensethat

isfinallydevelopedandthatwhichthetermhadinthebeginning.

IV.

Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyour

answersinthespacegivenbelow.

问题:1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweencompoundsandfreephrases?

答案:Compoundsdifferfromfreephrasesinthefollowingthreeaspects:

(1)Phoneticfeatures.Incompoundsthewordstressusuallyoccursonthefirst

elementwhereasinnounphrasesthesecondelementisgenerallystressedifthere

isonlyonestress.

(2)Semanticfeatures.Compoundsaredifferentfromfreephrasesinsemantic

unity.Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.

(3)Grammaticalfeatures.Acompoundtendstoplayasinglegrammaticalrole

inasentence.

问题2Howmanygroupsmayidiomsbeclassifiedinto?

答案：Bythecriterionofgrammaticalfunctions,idiomsmaybeclassifiedintofive

groups:

(1)Idiomsnominalinnature.

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

(2)Idiomsadjectivalinnature.

(3)Idiomsverbalinnature.

(4)Idiomsadverbialinnature.

(5)Sentenceidioms.

问题：3.WhatarethespecialfeaturesofAChinese-EnglishDictionary(Revised

Edition)(1995)?

答案:Itisnotedforthefollowingfeatures:

(1)Onthebasisofthefirstedition,theneweditionhasanadditionof800

singlecharacterentriesandof18,000multi-characterentriesincluding

catchphrases,sayingsandproverbs.

(2)Theneweditionrevisessomeoldentries.

(3)Theneweditionkeepsthepreviousalphabeticalorderofentries,which

makesthedictionaryeasytouse.

(4)ThedictionaryboastsofthequalityoftheEnglishequivalentsitprovidesfor

itsChineseitems.

问题：4.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencebetweenback-formationand

suffixation?

答案：Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestobases.

Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.It'sthe

methodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.

［自学考试密押题库与答案解析］英语词汇学自考题模拟5

V.

Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegiven

below.

问题:1.Commentonthesentence:"Structuralstabilityofidiomsisabsolutely

unchangeable."andexplainthereasons.

答案:(l)Thisstatementisnottrue.

(2)Characterizedbysemanticunityandstructuralstability,idiomsdonotallow

changesasarule.Butstructuralstabilityisnotabsolute.Whenidiomsareusedin

actualcontexttheydoexperiencegrammaticalchanges,suchasdifferentformsof

verbs,agreementofpersonalpronouns,numberandsoon.

(3)Occasionally,wemayfindchangesinconstituentsofidioms:addition,

deletion,replacemen