2016三峡大学791综合英语考研真题

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三峡大学

2016年研究生入学考试试题（A卷）

考试科目代码：_79E科目名称：综合英语

考试时间：3小时试卷面总分：150分

（答案必须写在答题纸上）

IChoosetherightonefromA.B.C.Dforeachblank:（20分）

请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。标明题号！

1.Lindathefamousdirectorintogivingheraleadingroleinoneofhisplays

andshebecameinstantlysuccessful.

A.cheatedB.coaxedC.attractedD.tempted

2.Lydiawasvery_____ofhertwinsisterLucy'sgoodachievementsinschool,and

decidedtocatchupwithher.

A.enviousB.happyC.pleasedD.jealous

3.Whilemostscientistsgrantthat________lifemaywellexistelsewhereinthe

universe,aconvincingphotographofaUFOhasyettobetaken.

A.importantB.intelligentC.cleverD.intellectual

4.Nowthenewengineis______moreandmorepublicattention.

A.receivingB.acceptingC.obtainingD.focusing

5.Thisencyclopediaisthemost______bookIhaveeverread,foritgivesmelots

ofknowledge.

A.educatingB.fascinatingC.enlighteningD.Instructing

6.Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften____,orbetterthanan

actualperfoiTnance.

A.asgoodB.asgoodasC.goodD.goodas

7.Ifyouareunder18,youarenot____tojointhisclub.

A.legitimateB.legibleC.eligibleD.permissive

8.Twentydollarswill____thetotalexpenses.

A.spendBsuitC.costD.cover

9.Ispoketohim,buthewastoo____tohearwhatIsaid.

A.preoccupiedB.concentratedC.absent-mindedD.thoughtful

10.Beinghandicapped,hewas____thechanceofenteringcollege.

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A.refusedB.declinedC.deniedD.rejected

11.TherewasateapotfashionedlikeaChinaduck,outof_______openmouththe

teawassupposedtocome.

A.itsB.whichC.thatD.whose

12.Thegorilla,_______notascuriousasthechimpanzee,showsmorepersistence

andmemoryretentioninsolvingaproblem.

A.whileB.whetherC.unlessD.which

13.PlaywrightLillianHellman'sdramasaremarkedbytheirintelligentand_______.

A.weavedtightplotsB.plotaretightlywoven

C.tightlywovenplotsD.weavingoftightplots

14.Ourcivilizationissocommonplacetousthat_______stoptothinkaboutits

complexity.

A.dorarelyweB.rarelydoweC.wedorarelyD.werarelydo

15.Hewillremainhereif.

A.neededB.needtobeC.needbeD.needis

16.Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,___tofindit

locked.

A.justB.onlyC.henceD.thus

17.AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyit

wasthebeautiful_throughthewindow.

A.visionB.lookC.pictureD.view

18.E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveying

messagesthat_welltohumanneeds.

A.adheresB.reflectsC.conformsD.satisfies

19.Failuretofollowtheclubrules___himfromthevolleyballteam.

A.disfavoredB.dispelledC.disqualifiedD.dismissed

20.Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingof

digitalinformationthan_intraditionalmedia.

A.existB.existsC.existingD.toexist

II.Choosetherightwordfromthelistgivenbelowforeachblank:(10分)

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likeconnectiondesiresomethingrevived

doderivesintentionaldirectedstate

Intentionalityisthemind'scapacitytodirectitselfonthings.Mentalstates

(1)____thoughts,beliefs,desires,hopesexhibitintentionalityinthesensethat

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theyarealways(2)on,orat,something:ifyouhope,believeordesire,you

musthope,believeor(3)something.Hope,belief,desireandanyothermental

(4)whichisdirectedatsomething,areknownasintentionalstates.

Intentionalityinthissensehasonlyaperipheral(5)totheordinaryideasof

intentionandintending.Anintentionto(6)somethingisanintentionalstate,

sinceonecannotintendwithoutintending(7);butintentionsareonlyoneof

manykindsof(8)mentalstates.Theterminologyofintentionality(9)

fromthescholasticphilosophyoftheMiddleAges,andwas(10)by

Brentanoin1874.

HI.Readthefollowingtextscarefullyandthenmakeacorrectchoicetoanswer

thequestionsaftereachtext:(40分)

请按顺序把答案写在答题纸上。标明题号！

TEXTA

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryof

NationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butit

willcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic

22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwill

beanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds

1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin19years9

timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNational

Biography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathe

willhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.

Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDrNichollswrotetoTheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeople

whomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,she

saysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento"other

qualitynewspapers99too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,

theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn'tfilecopyontime;

somewhodidsendtoomuch:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingto

DrNicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho'sin,who'sout.Thatisagamethat

thereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.

Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted:Malefactorswhosecrimesexcitea

permanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.John

Grossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurderChristie

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isin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvans

insteadofChristiewasaforceintherepealofcapitalpunishmentinBritain,as

LudovieKennedy(theauthorofChristiesentryinMissingPersons)notes.Butthen

Crippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedto

escapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorable

namesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfrom

theMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBurySt.Edmunds,a12lh-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirth

anddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:"WhetherornotHugowasa

wall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohis

versatility.^^Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginal

DBN's3),suchasRoyStrong\subject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhom

heremarks:"Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindly

body.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory."Doesn'tseemto

qualifyherasamemorableartist.Yetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginal

DNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin)andeven

managedtogivethankstoJ.W.Clerkeasacontributor,though,asalateredition

admitsinashamefacedfootnote,"exceptfortheentryintheListofContributors

thereisnotraceofJ.W.Clerke”.

Questions1-5

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume.

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggest

that.

A.theeditorhadclearrulestofollow

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries

C.theeditorsclearlyfavouredbenefactors

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB.

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors9mistake

4.Theauthorquotedafewentriesinthelastparagraphto.

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A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter9stonetowardstheDNBwas.

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

TEXTB

Fromthe1940stothepresent,thetechnologyusedtobuildcomputershasgone

throughseveralrevolutions.Peoplesometimesspeakofdifferentgenerationsof

computers,witheachgenerationusingadifferenttechnology.

First-generationcomputersprevailedinthe1940sandformuchofthe1950s.

Theyusedvacuumtubesforcalculation,control,andsometimesformemoryaswell.

First-generationmachinesusedseveralotheringeniousdevicesformemory.

Informationwasstoredassoundwavescirculationinacolumnofmercury.

Vacuumtubesarebulky,unreliable,energyconsuming,andgeneratelarge

amountsofheat.Aslongascomputersweretieddowntovacuumtubetechnology,

theycouldonlybebulky,cumbersome,andexpensive.Inthelate1950s,the

transistorbecameavailabletoreplacethevacuumtube.Atransistor,whichisonly

slightlylargerthanakernelofcorn,generateslittleheatandenjoyslonglife.

Ataboutthesametime,themagnetic-corememorywasintroduced.This

consistedofalatticeworkofwiresinwhichwerestrungtiny,doughnut-shapedbeads

called“cores".Electriccurrentsflowinginthewiresstoredinformationby

magnetizingthecores.Informationcouldbestoredincorememoryorretrievedfrom

itinaboutamillionofasecond.

Corememorydominatedthehigh-speedmemorysceneformuchofthesecond

andthirdgeneration.Toprogrammersduringthisperiod,coreandhigh-speed

memoryweresynonymous.

Theearly1960ssawtheintroductionofintegratedcircuits,whichincorporated

hundredsoftransistorsonasinglesiliconchip.Thechipitselfwassmallenoughto

fitontheendofyourfinger;afterbeingmountedinaprotectivepackage,itstill

wouldfitinthepalmofyourhand.Withintegratedcircuits,computerscouldbe

madeevensmaller,lessexpensive,andmorereliable.

Integratedcircuitsmadepossibleminicomputers,tabletopcomputerssmallenough

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andinexpensiveenoughtofindaplaceintheclassroomandthescientificlaboratory.

Inthelate1960s,integratedcircuitsbegantobeusedforhigh-speedmemory,

providingsomecompetitionformagnetic-corememoryhascontinueduntiltoday,

whenithaslargelyreplacedmagnetic-corememory.

Themostrecentjumpincomputertechnologycamewiththeintroductionof

large-scaleintegratedcircuit,oftenreferredtosimplyaschips.Whereastheolder

integratedcircuitscontainedhundredsoftransistors,thenewonescontainsthousands

ortensofthousands.

Itisthelarge-scaleintegratedcircuitsthatmakepossiblethemicroprocessorsand

microcomputers.Theyalsomakepossiblecompact,inexpensive,high-speed,

high-capacityintegrated-circuitmemory.

Noonehasyetproclaimedafourthgenerationofcomputers.Buttherecent

developmentjustmentionedhaveresultedinamicroprocessorrevolution,which

beganinthemiddle1970sandforwhichthereisnoendinsight.

Questions6…10

6.Uptonow,thecomputerhasdeveloped.

A.fourgenerations

B.twogenerations

C.threegenerations

D.fivegenerations

7.Thefirst-generationcomputerswere.

A.goodinmemory

B.heavyandexpensive

C.easytobuy

D.usefulonlyforcalculation

8.Thedevelopmentofcomputerisinsomewaydueto.

A.thedevelopmentofvacuumtointegratedcircuits

B.theappearanceofminicomputers

C.theresultofsocialprogress

D.theuseoftransistors

9.Thetypeofcomputermemorywhichbecamealmostsynonymouswith

"high-speedmemory,9was.

A.theelectriccurrent

B.themagnetic-corememory

C.theprogrammers

D.theintegratedcircuits

10.Themainideaofthispassageisabout.

A.mechanicsrevolutioningeneral

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B.technologydevelopment

C.computersoftwaredevelopment

D.historyofcomputerdevelopment

TEXTC

Beforewecansayanythingmeaningfulaboutthechangingnatureofcareers,itis

necessarytoconsiderwhattheconceptof“career“means.Itisatroublesometerm,

forseveralreasons.

Inthesenseinwhichyoungpeopleareoftenencouragedtothinkaboutit,by

educators,fiction,themedia,careersadvisersandothers,acareerissomethingwhich

ischosenoraspiredtowards-alifetimecourseofcumulativeoccupational

experience.Thisviewthoughfaithfultotheterm'setymologicalorigins(fromtheold

Frenchfora“carriageway")hasunfortunateconsequences.Itidentifieslarge

segmentsofthepopulationasineligibletohavecareers-theunemployed,students,

domesticlaborersorchildcarers,peoplewithinterruptedorradicallychanging

occupationalstatus,unskilledandcasualisedlabour,migrants,andotherswho,

whethervoluntarilyorinvoluntarily,failtoconformtotheidealizedimageof

occupationalandprofessionaldevelopment.Inthissensecareershavealwaysbeen

largelyawhitemalemiddle-classprerogative.Whenthemediaproclaim“thedeath

ofcareers^^,itisthisgroupthathasbeenbereaved.

However,therearepowerfulreasonsforusingtheterm“career"morewidely.

First,therearepracticalconsiderations.Whateversoothsayersaboutthefutureof

careersmayassert,individualmenandwomenremainpassionatelyinterestedintheir

careers-thatis,intheirpersonaldevelopmentthroughworkexperienceoverthe

courseoftheirlifetime.Peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirskills,competencies,

futureroles,andopportunitiesfbrself-determinationthantheyareaboutmostother

areasoftheirworkexperience.Atthesametime,employingorganizationsareaware

ofthisfact,andprofoundlyperplexedbytheissueitraises--howtoprovide

developmentalincentivestopeoplewhenfamiliarstructuresofhierarchical

advancementarerapidlytransformingand,insomecases,dissolving.Inshort,the

importanceofhavingasenseofmeaningfulcareerdevelopmentisbecomingmore

ratherthanlessimportant.

Secondly,thedefinitionalproblemhasbeenrecognizedandaddressedby

scholarshipinthearea.Thetraditionalconceptsofcareerchoiceandinvariant

developmentalstages,whichhadfocusedresearchonsteadystatephenomena,have

beenreplacedbynewparadigmswhichrecognizethatcareerscrossorganizational,

temporalandfunctionalboundaries.Forexample,"boundarylesscareers“include

liaisonroles,contracted-outrelationships,portfoliocompetenciesandthelike.

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Indeed,ithaslongbeenclearthatpopularconnotationsofthemeaningof“career”

areinadequateandrestrictthestudyofwhatactuallyhappensinpeople'sworking

lives.Moreinclusivedefinitionshavethereforebeenproposed,suchas“theevolving

sequenceofaperson\workexperienceover

Questions11--15

11.Thetermcareerisunderstoodbyeducatorsandcareersadvisersas.

A.ajobchosen

B.achoicemade

C.anaspirationinlife

D.alifetimeoccupationalexperience

12.Accordingtotheauthorofthepassage,thetermcareerasunderstoodby

educatorsis.

A.inclusive

B.faithful

C.idealistic

D.prerogative

13.Oneofthereasonstousethetermcareermorewidelyisthat.

A.peoplecaremoreabouttheirhierarchicaladvancement

B.employingorganizationsdon'tknowhowtogivedevelopmentalincentives

C.peoplearemoreinterestedinpracticalconsiderationssuchasskills,,

competencies,opportunities

D.peoplearepayingattentionstomoreaspectsoftheirwork

14.Itisrecognizedthatcareersare.

A.organization

B.temporal

C.functional

D.withoutboundaries

15.Thepassagediscusses.

A.theetymologyofthewordcareer

B.thedefiningofthewordcareer

C.thereasonsforusingthetermcareer

D.theproblemwiththewordcareer

TEXTD

Thereisastoryaboutayoungjobcandidateinterviewingforanentry-level

positioninthegeographydepartmentofastateuniversity.Oneseniorfaculty

member,whoseopinionofourmoderneducationalsystemwasnotespeciallyhigh,

askedthesimplequestion,"WhichwaydoestheMississippiRiverrun?”In

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ignoranceofthebiasesofthisparticulargeographydepartmentandinfearof

jeopardizinghisemploymentprospects,thecandidateboldlyreplied,“Icanteachit

eitherway.”

Whenthequestion“IsMiltonFriedmanaKeynesian?,9wasfirstsuggestedtomeas

atopic,Icouldn'thelpbutthinkoftheuncommittedgeographer.Butinthiscase,

opposinganswerscanbedefendedwithnolossofacademicrespectability.When

teachingatthesophomoreleveltostudentswhoarehearingthenames“Keynes”and

“Friedman“forthefirsttime,Iprovidetheconventionalcontrastthatemerges

naturallyoutofthestandardaccountofthe“KeynesianRevolution^^andthe

''MonetaristCounter-Revolution.^^Toclaimotherwisewouldcomecloseto

committingacademicmalpractice.Eitheracasualsurveyoracarefulstudyofthe

writingsofKeynesandFriedmanrevealsmanyissuesonwhichthesetwotheorists

arepolesapart.

Yet,onecanmaketheclaimthatFriedmanisaKeynesianandremainingood

scholarlycompany.BothDonPatinkinandHanyJohnsonseeFriedman'smonetary

theoryasanextensionoftheideascommonlyassociatedwithKeynes.Someoftheir

arguments,however,runcountertothoseoftheAustrianschool,whichservesasa

basisforthischapter.AndwhileFriedman,byhisownaccount,wasquotedoutof

contextassaying,“We'reallKeynesiansnow,“hisin-contextstatementisthoroughly

consistentwithanAustrianassessment.Morethantwodecadesago,duringan

interviewwithareporterfromTimemagazine,Friedmancommentedthat“inone

sense,weareallKeynesiansnow;inanother,nooneisaKeynesiananylonger/The

twosenseswereidentifiedinhissubsequentelaboration:"WeallusetheKeynesian

languageandapparatus;noneofusanylongeracceptstheinitialKeynesian

conclusions”.

PatinkinandJohnsonhaveeacharguedthatFriedman'sattentiontothedemand

formoney,andparticularlyhisinclusionoftherateofinterestasoneofthe

determinantsofmoneydemand,putshimclosertoKeynesthantothepre-Keynesian

monetarytheorists.Friedmanhasrespondedbyinsistingthattheinclusionofthe

interestrateinthemoney-demandfunctionisaminorfeatureofhistheoretical

framework.Austrianmonetarytheorists,whopaymoreattentiontotheinterestrate

thandoesFriedmanandasmuchattentiontoitasdidKeynes,haveadifferent

perspectiveontheinterest-rateissue.BothKeynesandFriedmanhaveneglectedthe

effectsofchangeintheinterestrateontheeconomy9sstructureofcapital.Froman

Austrianviewpointthissinofomission,whichderivesfromacommon'ianguage

andapparatus/9makesbothKeynesianismandMonetarismsubjecttothesame

Austriancritique.

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Questions16…20

16.Whentheauthorfirstfacedthequestion“IsMiltonFriedmanaKeynesian?95,he

thoughtoftheuncommittedgeographerbecause.

A.thequestionappearedridiculous

B.thequestionindicatedbiasesinthefield

C.thequestioncouldbeansweredwitheitheryesorno

D.theauthorwasalsogoingthroughaninterview

17.Theconventionalcontrastbetweenthe“KeynesianRevolution^^andthe

"MonetaristCounter-Revolution^^is.

A.goodfbrteachingatthesophomorelevel

B.indicativeofacademicmalpractice

C.theonlywaytotreatthetopic

D.asignofacademicrespectability

18.WhenFriedmansayswe9reallKeynesians,hemeansthat.

A.we'renotKeynesians

B.wehavebeenKeynesiansallthetime

C.weallusetheKeynesianlanguageandapparatus

D.weallaccepttheinitialKeynesianconclusions

19.Itcanbeinfenedthat.

A.bothKeynesandFriedmanregardtherateofinterestaslesssignificantthan

moneydemand

B.bothKeynesandFriedmanpaymuchattentiontotherelationbetweenthe

interestrateandtheeconomy'sstructure

C.both