2017考研英语一真题

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

©Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?②Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!”③_[

helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_3

ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.©Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou

4_gettingsickthiswinter.

@Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs

6_theparticipants,susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.

©Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andthe

researchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthat

beneficialeffect.(3)11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupport

andreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

①“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskfbrcoldsthat's

usually14withstress,“notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.②

Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty.”

(DSomeexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotherelease

ofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone^^18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,

includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.©Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthe

centrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.③Butsomeofit

19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B|Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite

2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting|B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving

6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out

9.[A|imagined[B|denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required

11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

13.[A]highlighted|B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthenameof[D]inthewayof

17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[AJvanishes[B]emerges[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommending

peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasingly

massivesecuritylines.

©Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreased

safety,②ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe

MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.③Butdemandingtoomuchofair

travelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.@And

itshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

@Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthat

undercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecurity

nearlyeverytimetheytried.©Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwitharisein

airlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajor

airportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.③Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffective

airlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

@Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,

sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.②Partoftheissueisthatairportshave

onlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.©Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingto

overpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydispute

this.

©ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushing

tohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.②PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfor

travelersandtheTSA.©Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpedited

screeninglanes.④ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimefor

everyoneinvolved.⑤TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

@Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmust

pay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.②Sincethebeginning,thispricetag

hasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.©Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonable

level.④ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheck

enrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

©TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostof

thetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.②Ilislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.[B]faster.

[C]wider.[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment?sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck—aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

①“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slast

reigningmonarch,in1897.②StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiian

society.③Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.©Protestshaveeruptedover

constructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisesto

revolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

①AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedby

someHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.②ButMaunaKea

isalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.©RestedinthePacificOcean,

MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanefsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallow

telescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

©OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.②Asmallbutvocalgroupof

Hawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandand

apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

®Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.②Intheireagernessto

buildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.③

TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinessto

theislands,inhabitants.©Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoing

arenaissancetoday.

①Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.②

ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesiansto

Hawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.③Callstodisassembleall

telescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyand

Hawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromand

wherewearegoing.©PerhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestaiTyskies,asifansweringaprimal

callingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

①TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.②The

TMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoid

archaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.③TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,old

oneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.©There

isnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritage

andtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[B]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsreligiousimplications.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians5hostility.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]fullapproval.

[C]passiveacceptance.

[D]slighthesitancy.

Text3

©RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhich

makeslifeworthwhile.,,②WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalready

predictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

©ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.

Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.②Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthings

thatdo.③Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,with

recordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.④Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhy

didover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheir

country'seconomicprospects?

@Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingsheds

somelightonthatquestion.©Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorest

performersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforits

citizens.(3)RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,

educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentof

howcountriesareperforming.

©Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistent

themes.®Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkey

indicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.③Yet

thisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.©SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhuge

improvementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

①Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesole

measureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

①So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethod

formeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.②Itdoesnot

includeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes一allthingsthat

contributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

①ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclinein

theeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.②Butpolicymakerswho

refocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoid

theforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithh叩piness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

|B]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

|B]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[C]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

[B]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[C]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[D]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHeahh

Text4

@Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconviction

ofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.②Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseatthe

ethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobile

fromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

@Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelPstrialfailedtotellajurythatit

mustlookonlyathis"officialacts,“orthefomiergovernor'sdecisionson“specific"and“unsettled”

issuesrelatedtohisduties.

©Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintentto

pressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

①Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnfbropeningdoorsis“distastefiJ”and

“nasty.”②Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapproval

ofacontractorregulation.③Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent

isnotan"officialact.^^

①Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.②

Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearof

prosecutionofbribery.€lThebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,“wroteChief

JusticeJohnRobertsfbrthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituents

andactontheirconcems.^^

@Buttherulingreinforcestheneedfbrcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,

toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.©Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesin

providinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesa

campaigndonationorapersonalgift.③Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsin

governmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformation

abouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.

©Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.②Butitisnotalways

corruption.③Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaverage

peopleandthewealthy.@Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-

thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.⑤Goodgovernancerestsonan

understandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

①Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficial

favoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[AlmadenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[B]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelPsduties.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnelPsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnelPsethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[C]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor\attitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingtheminto

thenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhe

discovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappeared

underthepenname"Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.

B.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens's

fame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,Samuel

Pickwick,becameanationalfigure.

C.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryin

monthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobert

Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickens

successfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirst

installment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnot

faithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressed

hisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew

artist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836

and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

D.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelist

ofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,Dickenscraftedcomplexplotsand

strikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

E.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.

Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasa

reporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthe

lifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure

magazines.

F.DickenswasbominPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritish

Navypayoffice—arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,

astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslater

concealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.

YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,

nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12towork

inWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmocked

himas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfbrdebt.Thehumiliationsofhis

father'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwound

andbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovide

theunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.

G.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTvvist,hetracesanorphan's

progressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,

combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.Thepopularityofthese

novelsconsolidatedDickens5asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.

DT41.->42.—43.T44.tB—45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguageforinternational

communicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)Butevenasthenumberof

Englishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemay

fadewithintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturalchangescouldstarttodiminish

theleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoy

advantagefromthebreadthofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.Thoserealistic

possibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol.(47)Hisanalysisshould

thereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionof

Englishissostable【hattheyounggenerationsoftheUni