选择性必修第四册　Unit 3　Sea Exploration-2025英语大一轮复习讲义人教版

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．merchantn．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．fleetn．舰队；机群；车队3．beholdvt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spicen．(调味)香料5．maritimeadj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournamentn．锦标赛；联赛7．laptopn．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．pressconference记者招待会；新闻发布会9．mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10．submersiblen．潜水器；可潜船11．underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的12．capsulen．胶囊；太空舱13．coraln．珊瑚14．migrationn．迁移；迁徙；移居15．directoryn．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录16．exploitvt.开发；利用；剥削17．gallonn．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)18．logvt.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木19．marineadj.海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．talen．故事；叙述2．negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商3．leaguen．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channeln．航道；海峡；频道7．bondn．纽带；关系vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．taxvt.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhileadv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extensionn．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．politicsn．政治；政治观点→politicaladj.政治的；政治上的→politiciann．政治家；政客3．professionn．职业；行业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的→professorn．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员4．mixturen．混合；结合体；混合物→mixvt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixedadj.混合的；人员混杂的5．coveragen．新闻报道；覆盖范围→covervt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖6．applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→applausen．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩7．murdervt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n．谋杀；凶杀→murderern．谋杀犯8．mercyn．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的9．possessionn．[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possessvt.控制；具有；拥有10．opponentn．反对者；对手；竞争者→opposevt.反对；抵制→opposedadj.反对的；截然不同的1．tiptoe/'tIptəʊ/n．脚尖vi.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走2．forsth’ssake为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值3．disorder/dIs'ɔːdə(r)/n．紊乱；混乱；骚乱4．excessive/Ik'sesIv/adj.过度的；过多的5．all-round/ˌɔːl'raʊnd/adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的6．obstacle/'ɒbstəkl/n．障碍；障碍物7．accumulation/əˌkjuːmjə'leIʃn/n．积累；聚积物8．devil/'devl/n．魔鬼；恶魔9．compliment/'kɒmplImənt/n．称赞；问候；致意vt.赞美；钦佩10．bolster/'bəʊlstə(r)/vt.改善；加强Ⅳ.背核心短语1．setsail起航；开航2．inaleagueofone’sown独领风骚3．withdrawfrom退出；撤回4．inhand在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．searchfor寻找6．underthecommandof在……的指挥下7．inreturnfor作为对……的回报8．forthebenefitof为了……的好处/利益9．takeaction采取行动10．aswellas也；又；还Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.(Theaimistodo...)这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。2．Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。3．...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.(thereisanurgentneedtodosth迫切需要做某事)……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。4．Totrulyunderstandourplanet，wemustexploretheoceanswhichcovermostofit.(不定式作目的状语)为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。5．Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.(sothat引导目的状语从句)我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．merchantn．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．capsulen．胶囊；太空舱3．migrationn．迁移；迁徙；移居4．exploitvt.开发；利用；剥削5．logvt.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木6．tournamentn．锦标赛；联赛7．laptopn．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操纵的9．coraln．珊瑚10．underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．talen．故事；叙述2．negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商3．leaguen．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channeln．航道；海峡；频道7．bondn．纽带；关系vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．taxvt.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhileadv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)1．extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extensionn．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．professionn．职业；行业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的→professorn．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员3．coveragen．新闻报道；覆盖范围→covervt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖4．politicsn．政治；政治观点→politicaladj.政治的；政治上的→politiciann．政治家；政客5．opponentn．反对者；对手；竞争者→opposevt.反对；抵制→opposedadj.反对的；截然不同的Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．tiptoen．脚尖vi.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走2．all-roundadj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的3．complimentn．称赞；问候；致意vt.赞美；钦佩4．forsth’ssake为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值5．obstaclen．障碍；障碍物Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)1．setsail起航；开航2．aswellas也；又；还3．forthebenefitof为了……的好处/利益4．inreturnfor作为对……的回报5．underthecommandof在……的指挥下Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)1．Themurdererhadmurderedanovelistbeforehefledhiscountry.(murder)2．Thebrilliantprofessorisadoctorbyprofession，sohehasmuchprofessionalknowledgeinmedicine.(profession)3．Heisinpossessionofthreevillasandhealsopossessesthreefirms.(possession)4．Facingsuchanevent，Ihavemixedemotions.Ifeelastrangemixtureofexcitementandfear.(mix)5．Themercifulkingshowedmercytothepoor，whointurnapplaudedtheking.(mercy)6．Whenheenteredthehall，hewasgreetedbythunderousapplause.Allthefansapplaudedexcitedly.(applaud)7．Thetwoopponentswereopposedtoeachother’sopinions.(oppose)8．Asajournalist，it’syourdutytocoverthefactandyouareresponsibleforyourcoverage.(cover)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(inaleagueofone’sown，withdrawfrom，inhand，searchfor，takeaction)1．Withdrawingfromtheswimmingcompetitionbecauseofaseriousinjurymadehimfrustrated.2．HesurfedtheInternetwiththeaimofsearchingfortherelevantinformation.3．Becauseofourlimitedtime，Istronglysuggesttakingactionrightnowtodealwiththisurgentmatter.4．TheOlympicorganizerssayconfidentlythatmattersarewellinhandandthereisnothingtoworryabout.5．Withmanygoodqualities，ourmonitorisinaleagueofhisownineveryaspect.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。(Theaimistodo...)Theaimoftheactivityistoraiseourawarenessofprotectingtheculturalheritage.2．他昨晚熬夜，这是导致他第二天在课堂上睡觉的原因。(which引导非限制性定语从句)Hestayeduplatelastnight，whichaccountedforhissleepingintheclassthenextday.3．我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。(不定式作目的状语)Iamwritingtoyoutosharewithyoumyopinionsonhowtogetalongwellwithparents.4．急需做出一些改变以适应当前的情况。(Thereisanurgentneedtodo...)Thereisanurgentneedtomakesomechangestoadapttothecurrentsituations.5．我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。(sothat引导目的状语从句)Iexplainedthetraditionalprocedureofmakingteaindetailsothattheycouldbetterunderstandit.TheMingDynastydesiredtostrengthenthe1.bonds(bond)withsomewesterncountriesandbetween1405and1433，sevenlargefleets2.underthecommandofZhengHesetsailfromtheSouthChinaSea.TheysailedacrosstheIndianOceantotheeastcoastofAfrica，alongthemarinechannelswhich3.hadbeenextended(extend)bytheformermerchantsandexplorers.Theytookgold，silkandspicestotheAfricanroyalfamilies4.andnegotiatedtradedealswiththem.Meanwhile，with5.advanced(advance)weaponsinhand，theyhadmercyonratherthanexploited，murderedorarrestedthepeopleinothercountries,6.whointurnapplaudedthem.Theyalso7.logged(log)manytalesthathadhappenedalongtheway.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433，thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueof8.their(they)ownatthattime.Today，toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesire.Andtheancientroutes9.travelled(travel)byZhengHearebeingrevisitedwiththeaim10.toencourage(encourage)cooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开vi.&vt.持续，延续(extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的extensionn．延伸；扩大；延期)extend...to...向……提供/给予……extendto延长到extendby延长了(1)Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension(extend)，simplyexplainthesituationtoyourprofessor.(2)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)(3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周以上。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活)Thesecoursesarebasedonaweeklytwo-hourclass，extendingoveraperiodoftwenty-twoweeks.Comparedwithlastyear’scourse，thedurationextendsbytwoweeks.(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之演讲稿)Iwouldliketoextendmyheartfeltgratitudetoallmyteachers，whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.mercyn．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)·showmercyto对……怜悯/宽恕havemercyon/upon对……怜悯/宽恕atthemercyof...任由……摆布·bemercifulto...对……仁慈(1)Theleaderissuchamercifulmanandalwayshasmercyon/uponthosepoorpeoplebutsometimeshecanbemercilesstobadpersons.(用合适的介词或mercy的适当形式填空)(2)在失去引擎动力之后，这艘船只好任凭风暴摆布。Havinglostenginepower，theshiphadtobeatthemercyofthestorm.possessionn．[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possessvt.拥有；具有；支配)·takepossessionof(表动作)占有；拥有inpossessionof(表状态)具有；拥有inthepossessionof被……拥有；归……所有·bepossessedofsth具有(某种品质或特征)(1)这款最新的笔记本电脑是汤姆的，也就是说汤姆拥有这款最新款的笔记本电脑。ThelatestlaptopisinthepossessionofTom，whichmeansthatTomisinpossessionofthelatestlaptop.(2)幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。Happinessisnotwishingforwhatwedon’thave，butenjoyingwhatwepossess/takepossessionof/areinpossessionof.(3)请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。Keepinmindthatonlyifyoupossess/arepossessedofagoodstateofmindwillyouattainsuccess.inhand在手头；可供使用athand近在手边；在附近byhand手工，用手的handinhand手挽手；密切关联ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)givesbahand帮助……；施以援手用hand的相关短语填空(1)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.”(2)Havingenoughdatainhand，wecansetouttoholdthepressconferenceasscheduled.(3)Meanwhile，you’dbetterkeepadictionarycloseathandsothatyoucanlookupunfamiliarwordsinit.(4)Evenforpersonalletters，themerchantwouldratheruseacomputerthanwritebyhand.(5)Ontheonehand，computersextendourvision；ontheother(hand)，theyalsobringaboutsomeharmfulproblems.(6)WheneverIamintrouble，itisyouwhogivemeahandwithouthesitation.sothat引导目的状语从句Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。·本句中sothat引导目的状语从句，相当于inorderthat，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。·sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。(1)下次你来我们的城市时，一定要提前给我打电话，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。Nexttimeyouvisitourcity，youmustcallmeaheadofschedulesothatIcanmakesomenecessaryarrangements.(2)公共汽车坏了，我们不得不步行回家，这让我们怒火中烧。Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome，whichmadeusboilwithanger.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．withdraweq\x(A.退出B.收回发言、意见等C.提取存款等)(1)Iwantedtowithdraw$4,000frommybankaccount.C(2)Iheardyouaregoingtowithdrawfromthespeechclass.(2021·浙江1月)A(3)Sensinghismistake，theministerwithdrewhisstatementlater.B2．bondeq\x(A.n.纽带；关系B.n.保释金C.vt.使牢固结合D.v.增强信任关系)(1)Thenewtypeofgluebondsavarietyofsurfacesinseconds.C(2)Thefollowingday，thetaxidriverwasreleasedon$5,000bond.B(3)Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.(2020·全国Ⅱ)D(4)Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion...(2021·天津)A3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Allthepeoplepresentatthemeetingapplaudmydecision.赞成(2)Thecharmingmanarrestedmyattention.吸引Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Manypeoplehadtheirpossessions(possess)buriedundertheruins，thusbecominghomeless.2．Theprimeministerofthecountrywasonceaprofessional(profession)athleteaswellasalicensedlawyer.3．Hedoesn’thavethefreedomtochoosewhathelikes，soIhavemercyon/uponhim.4．Inegotiatedwithothersponsorsoftheexhibitionabouthowtoorganizeitperfectly.5．Forsomereason，IwithdrewfromahandfulofgrandclubsandIwillneverjointhemagain.6．Thecoverage(cover)provedtobeoutoflinewiththetruthwasdeleted.7．It’ssaidthatanopen-airbarbecuewillbescheduled，whoseaimistostrengthen(strengthen)thebondoftheemployees.8．Dokeepinmindthatmyassistancewillbeathandwheneveryouneedit.9．Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixture(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements.10．Allthemerchantsstayedsilent，listenedtomecarefullyandgavemeabigroundofapplause(applaud)attheend.2022·全国甲改编,你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。完成句子1．6月8日是世界海洋日，其目的是提高人们对海洋保护的认识。(theaimistodo...；whose引导定语从句)2．海洋起着至关重要的作用，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维持了自然的平衡。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)3．随着世界海洋日的临近，迫切需要采取措施保护海洋。(with的复合结构；Thereisanurgentneedtodo...)4．为了做出我们的贡献，我们学生可以发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。(不定式作目的状语)5．现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了，这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界，在未来过上更好的生活。(sothat引导目的状语从句)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文Whenitcomestotheocean，itspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.WorldOceansDayfallsonJune8th，whoseaimistoraisepeople’sawarenessofoceanconservation.Theocean，whichplaysavitalrole，notonlyoffersussufficientfood，butalsomaintainsthebalanceofnature.WiththeWorldOceansDayapproaching，thereisanurgentneedtotakemeasurestoprotecttheocean.Tomakeourcontributions，westudentscanhandoutleafletstocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheocean.Besides，weshouldstopthrowinggarbageintotheocean.Allinall，itishightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectingtheocean，sothatwecanbuildamoreharmoniousworldandliveabetterlifeinthefuture.教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]mercyn．→mercifuladj.；opponentn．→opposedadj.；mixturen．→mixedadj.[动作描写]setsail；negotiate；withdrawfrom；applaud；exploit；arrest美句1.Tradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind’sgreatestachievements.(主旨升华)2.Inrecentyears，ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.(动作描写)3.Opponentsmaybeconcerned，butseaexplorationisimportantforourfuture.(情感描写)拓展语料积累修辞妙用之拟人拟人就是赋予物以人的语言属性。拟人手法的使用会使文章更加形象生动、富有情趣。句型1.Themistswallowedthemupandtheicywindstartedhowling，stingingtheirfacesviolently.薄雾吞没了他们，冰冷的风呼啸着，猛烈地刺痛了他们的脸。2.Seeingsuchextraordinarybeauty，Ithinkeverycellinmybodywokeup.看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。3.Thefirstraysofmorningtiptoedthroughthegrass.第一缕晨光蹑手蹑脚地穿过草地。4.Immediatelyanabsolutedarknessruledtheforestandanextremesenseoffearseizedme.刹那间，漆黑统治了整个森林，一种极度的恐惧感笼罩着我。5.Oneeveningsaw/witnessedabusdriverweavingthroughtraffic.一天晚上，一位公共汽车司机穿梭在车流中。6.Thefeatherysnowflakesdancedinthenightair，makingabeautifulpicture.羽毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成一幅美丽的图画。7.Thebeesplayedhide-and-seekwiththeflowersastheybuzzedfromoneflowertoanother.蜜蜂嗡嗡地从一朵花到另一朵花上，与花朵进行捉迷藏。语料运用海上遇险AlthoughSamhadbeenwarnedthat①astormwascoming，therewaslittlethatwouldkeephimfromgoing.②Withtheicywindhowlingandthethickfogswallowingeverything(with的复合结构)，Samsetsailonafreezingnight.Thestormwasgainingstrengthonland，buthadnotyetreachedaplacefarfromthecoast.③Wavesrockedthesmallboat，whichbegantoturnsidewayslikeanamusementparkride.Theywerecompletely④atthemercyofthestorm.Thedimlampshangingontheboatslippedintotheangrysea，throwingthemincompletedarkness.⑤OnlythendidthefearbegintoseizeSam(倒装句)．Thenthedarkseaalongwithafewtwinklingstars⑥witnessedadeath-and-lifestrugglebetweenhumansandnature.Fortunately，⑦thestormyseafinallycalmeddownandthefirstraysofmorningtiptoedonthehorizon.尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临，但几乎没有什么能阻止他去。伴随着呼啸的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾，山姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。风暴在陆地上越来越大，但还没有到达离岸很远的地方。波浪摇晃着小船，小船开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海，把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。直到这时，恐惧才开始笼罩山姆。然后，黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰，见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是，惊涛骇浪的大海终于平静下来，第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A★ArobotcreatedatStandfordUniversityisdivingdowntoshipwrecks(沉船)inawaythathumanscan’tdo.KnownasOceanOneK，therobotallowsitsoperatorstofeellikethey’reunderwaterexplorers，too.OceanOneKresembles(像)ahumandiverfromthefront，witharms，handsandeyesthatcapturetheunderwaterworldinfullcolor.Thebackoftherobothascomputersandeightmultidirectionalthrusters(推进器)thathelpitcarefullyexplorethesitesoffragileshipwrecks.Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK，therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance.TheideaforOceanOneKcamefromadesiretostudycoralreefsintheRedSeaatdepthsbeyondthenormalrangefordivers.WhileOceanOneKwasdesignedtoreachmaximumdepthsof656feet，researchershadanewgoal：1kilometer，hencethenewnameforOceanOneK.Theresearcherschangedtherobot’sbodybyusingspecialfoamtoincreasebuoyancy(浮力)andfightthepressureof1,000metersmorethan100timeswhathumansexperienceatsealevel.OceanOneKalsogottwonewtypesofhandsandincreasedarmandheadmotion.DuringOceanOneK’sdeepdiveinFebruary，teammembersdiscoveredtherobotcouldn’trisewhentheystoppedforathrustercheck.Flotationsonthecommunicationsandpowerlinehadcollapsed，causingthelinetopileonthetopoftherobot.OceanOneK’sdescentwasasuccess.Itdroppedoffamemorialmarkerontheseabedthatreads，“Arobot’sfirsttouchofthedeepseafloor—Avastnewworldforhumanstoexplore.”Khatib，aprofessor，calledtheexperiencean“incrediblejourney”.“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth，interactingwiththeenvironment，andpermittingthehumanoperatortofeelthatenvironment，”hesaid.eq\x(语篇解读本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一款深海探测机器人OceanOneK。)1．WhatcanwelearnaboutOceanOneK?A．Itseyesarecolorful.B．Itfunctionsautomatically.C．Itlookslikeitsoperatorfromthefront.D．Itisremotelycontrolledtoexploreunderwater.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段末句“KnownasOceanOneK，therobotallowsitsoperatorstofeellikethey’reunderwaterexplorers，too.”，第二段首句“OceanOneKresembles(像)ahumandiverfromthefront，witharms，handsandeyesthatcapturetheunderwaterworldinfullcolor.”及末句“Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK，therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance.”可知，OceanOneK是被人远程控制的，可以在水下探险。故选D。2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthethirdparagraph?A．Bylistingdata.B．Byraisingquestions.C．Byreasoningandanalyzing.D．Bypresentinganargument.答案A解析写作手法题。根据第三段的“WhileOceanOneKwasdesignedtoreachmaximumdepthsof656feet，researchershadanewgoal：1kilometer，hencethenewnameforOceanOneK.Theresearcherschanged...andfightthepressureof1,000metersmorethan100timeswhathumansexperienceatsealevel.”可知，第三段通过列数据来展开。故选A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“descent”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Successfuloperation.B．Deepdiving.C．Pressureresistance.D．Flexibleexploration.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词后文“Itdroppedoffamemorialmarkerontheseabed”“Arobot’sfirsttouchofthedeepseafloor”“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth，interactingwith...”可知，机器人OceanOneK成功潜入深海。故选B。4．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ACreativeExplorerB．TheAmbitiousExplorationC．ASelf-DrivenSeeker—ARobotD．ADeep-SeaExplorer—OceanOneK答案D解析标题归纳题。根据第一段及全文内容可知，本文介绍了一款能进行深海探险的机器人OceanOneK。故选D。BAnewstudyfoundsomeprimates(灵长类)areleavingtheirtreehomesandspendingmoretimeontheground.LedbyTimothyEppley，PhD，scientistsstudiednearly50speciesofmonkeysandlemurs(狐猴)tolookatthereasonbehindthesechanges.About15yearsago，Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs，whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees，feedingonbambooleaves.However，hewassurprisedtofindtheselemurswerespendingmosttimeonthegroundandhadanincrediblydiversediet.Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.HereachedouttoeveryresearcherhecouldfindwhomayhavesignificantdataonprimatesfromMadagascarortheAmericas，thetwoplaceswithalmostalltree-dwellingprimates.Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageofonly2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.Butthefindingsshowedsomeinterestingdifferences.“Ashabitatsaredegradedandtheclimateworsens，primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground，”Eppleysays.“However，otherspeciesthatrelyonfruitdietsorliveinsmallgroupsarelessadaptableandarelesswillingtoleavethetrees.Forthesespecies，wewillstillneedtoenforcefastandeffectiveconservationstrategiestoensuretheirsurvival.”Althoughmovingtothegroundhassomeadvantagesincertainsituations，primatescanfaceproblemswhentheyleavethetrees.Theycanbecomevictimsofotheranimalsanddiseases.Besides，theywillbefacedwithfindingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground，thushavingabroadorflexibledietisimportant.Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究发现：因为森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择了到地面生活。5．WhydidTimothyEppleybeginhisstudy?A．Totrytomakeprimatesmoreadaptive.B．Tostudyhowmonkeysdifferfromlemurs.C．Tofigureoutthereasonforthelossofbamboo.D．Tofindoutwhyprimatesareturningtotheground.答案D解析细节理解题。由第一段第二句和第二段中“Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.”可知，TimothyEppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择地面生活的原因。故选D。6．HowdidTimothyEppleycarryouthisresearch?A．Bydoingexperiments.B．Byobservinginthewild.C．Bystudyingcollecteddata.D．Byinterviewingthelocals.答案C解析推理判断题。第四段讲到“Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.”可知，Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究。故选C。7．Whichkindofprimatesaremorelikelytocomedownfromtrees?A．Thoseeatingdiversediets.B．Thosewithalargesize.C．Thosefeedingmainlyonfruits.D．Thoselivinginsmallgroups.答案A解析细节理解题。第五段讲到“primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground”可知，那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活。故选A。8．Whatwillbecomeaconcernaccordingtothestudy?A．Animalswillbecomelessadaptive.B．Theforestecosystemwillbecomeworse.C．Morenaturalhabitatswillbelost.D．Moreanimal-relateddiseaseswillappear.答案B解析细节理解题。最后一段讲到“Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.”可知，在森林里灵长类动物是植物种子的重要传播者，如果它们到地面上栖息，将会影响森林的生态系统。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空Chick-fil-Aisknownfortheirincrediblecustomerservice.Buttherestaurantsoftenfindspecialwaysto1intimesofcrisis，too.AndthisNorthCarolinaChick-fil-AhelpedHurricaneFlorencerelief2byopeningitsdoorsonSunday.You’llalwayshear“Mypleasure”fromChick-fil-A3whentheyserveyou.AndtheWilmington，NorthCarolinaChick-fil-A，ownedbyDonovanandNikkiCarless，wasquicktoservelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorenceleftthousandsofpeople4.Bythen，thehurricanehadalready5thelivesof43people.Rescuemissions6around5,000peoplefromdangerousconditions.AndtheGovernorofNorthCarolina，RoyCooper，announcedthatfloodwaterswerestilla(n)7tothestate.Withthisinmind，therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbe8toservefoodonSunday.It’sadaythecompanyusuallycloses.ButonthisparticularSunday，thedoorsopenedandservedthemiserable9.AccordingtoABCNews11，theteam10theopportunitytohelp.11theRedCross，theteamwasabletogive500sandwichesand1,200biscuitsatthreedifferent12.Otherfast-foodchainsalso13inrescuework.Andthisis14whatcommunityisallabout.Intimeslikethese，it’salways15toseebusinessesputtheirbottomdollarasideandinsteadlooktoseehowtheycangiveback.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了快餐连锁店Chick-fil-A在周日开门帮助救援在飓风“佛罗伦萨”中受灾的灾民的故事。1．A.remain B．respondC．reflect D．refresh答案B解析根据下文“AndthisNorthCarolinaChick-fil-AhelpedHurricaneFlorencereliefbyopeningitsdoorsonSunday.”可知，Chick-fil-A在危难开头也经常能找到特殊的方法作出反应。故选B。2．A.effort B．fundC．supplies D．staff答案A解析根据下文“servelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorence...”可知，Chick-fil-A周日开门营业，帮助佛罗伦萨飓风后的救援工作。reliefeffort指的是救援工作。故选A。3．A.leaders B．residentsC．colleagues D．employees答案D解析根据下文“whentheyserveyou”可知，此处指的是Chick-fil-A的雇员。故选D。4．A.motionless B．fearlessC．homeless D．speechless答案C解析根据常识可知，此处指飓风使成千上万人无家可归。故选C。5．A.claimed B．lostC．confirmed D．dominated答案A解析claim(灾难﹑事故等)夺去(生命)；lose丢失；confirm证实；dominate支配，控制。根据句中“thelivesof43people”可知，此处指飓风夺走了43人的生命。故选A。6．A.hid B．separatedC．recovered D．distinguished答案C解析根据句中“fromdangerousconditions”可知，此处指将大约5000人从危险的环境中救出。recover指“找回；寻回；找到”，符合语境。故选C。7．A.warning B．threatC．reminder D．interruption答案B解析根据下文“Withthisinmind，therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbetoservefoodonSunday.”可推知，洪水对该州来说仍然是威胁。故选B。8．A.proud B．reliableC．curious D．willing答案D解析根据下文“It’sadaythecompanyusuallycloses.”可推知，此处指餐馆老板询问了谁愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物。故选D。9．A.victims B．villagersC．rescuers D．attackers答案A解析根据常识可知，在灾难面前，人们是受害者。故选A。10．A.openedup B．waitedforC．benefitedfrom D．jumpedat答案D解析openup开放；waitfor等待；benefitfrom从……中受益；jumpat欣然接受。根据上文可知，餐馆老板询问了谁愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物，此处指员工们欣然接受了这个提供帮助的机会。故选D。11．A.Incommandof B．InrewardforC．Inassociationwith D．Incontrastto答案C解析incommandof指挥；inrewardfor作为报答；inassociationwith联合；incontrastto与……对比。根据句意可知，