第三讲 冠词 2021年中考英语复习寒假讲义（基础版）

第三节：冠词

专题概述：

不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及冠词的活用，难度适中，题型主要是完形填空、综合填空以及短文改错题。

掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规则和常见的习惯用法以及与冠词有关的习语和固定句型。

语法考点：

1.冠词的基本用法：泛指、特指、类指和专指

2.冠词的习惯用法：定冠词/不定冠词/零冠词的习惯用法

3.冠词的活用：形容词比较级、最高级和序数词等前的冠词活用

冠词(Article)

冠词是用在名词前面起辅助作用的词。主要有不定冠词a,an和定冠词the

r-用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或物，是泛朴

<一用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或物中的任意一个。

不定冠词a/an：-表示数量但数的概念没有。ne强烈，a还可以用于hundred,

X.

thousand,million等词前，相当于one,意为“一"。

一用于某些固定结构中

①泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

②类指：指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。

③特指：指前面已经提到的人或物，或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限

制的人或物，也可以指说话双方心中所默认的、特定的人或物。

④专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体物。

注意：a/an必须用于单数可数名词前。

①单数可数名词前用a还是an,不取决于字母而取决于音素

定冠词the的用法：

①用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。

②用于双方都知道的人或物前。

③特指的或上文已提到的人或物。

④用于宇宙中独一无二的事物的名称前。

⑤用于形容词最高级和序数词前。

⑥用于江河海湖等地理专有名词及普通名词构成的专有名词前。

⑦用于姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妻二人。

⑧用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物。

⑨用于表示乐器的名词前。

⑩用于某些固定的短语中。

易错警示：

anumberof与thenumberof的区别：

①anumberof意为“许多”，是个固定搭配，修饰可数名词的复数。

零冠词：

不用冠词的情况又叫零冠词

名词前不使用冠词的情况:名词之前代词限，复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐，专有名词不可数，星期月

份季节前，交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔。

注意：有the无the,意思千差万别

atschool在上学attheschool在学校里

attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁

inbed（睡、病、躺）在床上inthebed在床上

inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里

bysea乘船bythesea在海滨

冠词的固定搭配：

与不定冠词搭配的固定短语

alotof许多havearest休息gooutforawalk出去散步

alittle一点儿haveatalk谈话takeaseat坐下

afew一些，几个haveacold感冒haveagoodtime玩得高兴

takeamessagefor为捎口haveafever发烧inaword总之

onceuponatime从前haveaheadache头痛amomentago片亥U之前

afterawhile一会儿后makeamistake犯错误inahurry匆忙

asaresult结果makealiving谋生dosbafavor帮助某人

与定冠词the搭配的固定短语

allthetime一直bytheway顺便说withthehelpof在...帮助下

alltheyeararound一年至U头attheendof在…结束时thedaybeforeyesterday前天

atthesametime同时inthedaytime在臼天intheend最后

attheageof在...岁时atthefootof在脚下ontheothersideof…在…的另一

边

atthemoment止匕亥ijinthemiddleof在...中间

inthemorning/afternoon/evening

在…开始时在过去

atthebeginningofinthepast在早/晚上/下午

第三讲课堂练习

A选择填空:

l.Heorderedawashingmachinebyphonetwodaysago,and_machinehasarrived.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

2.Mypenpalenjoyswatchingfootballmatches,buthedoesn'tlikeplaying_football.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

3.Wouldyoulike_applejuice?

A,anB,anyC,aD,,some

4.youngmanbesidemeis___universitystudent.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

5.1liketoread_book.It\betterthanreadingontheInternet.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

6.Hisfatheris_engineer.Healwayswears___uniformatwork.

A,a,aB,a,anC,an,aD,an,an

7.Justwaitfor_whileandthenrilhelpyou.

A,aB,theC,anD,/

8.1have_informationaboutthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.

A,a.B,anC,apieceofD,alot

9.Janewantstogoto_collegewhenshefinishessecondaryschool.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

10.___Johnsonsadopted（收养）___homelessboyoutofcharitytenyearsago.

A,/,aB,/,anC,The,aD,The,an

11.___girlwithatoyinherhandismylittlesister.

A,AB,AnC,TheD,/

12.Lastweek,Iwrote_articleonourSchoolFoodFestivaltoShanghaiStudents'Post.

A,theB,anC,aD,/

13._teachersaidthatJackwas___newstudentandhewas___honest.

A,The,a,/B,A,the,aC,A,a,anD,The,a,an

14.Pleasegeteverythingready.Ourmeetingwillbegininhalf_hour.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

15.It'sabouthalf___hour'swalkfromhereto___nearestundergroundstation.

A,a,theB,an,theC,/,theD,the,a

16.A:Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?

B:Ihopetobe___animaldoctorwhenIgrowup.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

17.TheBrownshave__8-year-oldgirl.SheislearningEnglishthesedays.

A,theB,aC,anD,/

18.Myyoungersisterissick.Shehasbeeninhospitalforthreedays.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

B选择填空：

1.GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.

A,The,theB,A,aC,A,theD,The,a

2.Who*swomanoverthere?

A,/B,theC,aD,an

3.Shanghaiisin____eastofChina.

A,/B,anC,aD,the

4.1canseealittlewhitesheepinthefield.sheepisNancy's.

A,AB,TheC,AnD,/

5.oldladyinbrownisuniversityprofessor.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

6.Didyouenterforhighjumpor400-meterrace.

A,a,aB,a,theC,the,aD,the,the

7.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.

A,the,theB,/,/C,/,theD,the,/

8.ThescientistsfromUnitedStatesliveinninthStreet.

A,the,theB,/,theC,/,/D,the,/

9.Canyousee__one-eyedcowin____field?

A,an,theB,a,theC,/,theD,a,a

lO.Therewillbeinterviewbetweenthemanagerandhisassistantsthisafternoon.

A,anB,aC,theD,/

1l.A：Whichgirlsisyourdaughter,Mr.White?B：Oh,look,thatlittleoneinred.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

12.Englishisusefullanguage.ItisspokenbymanypeopleinChina.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

13.Aliceishonest.Shenevertellslies.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

14.LittleTonyis__honestboy.Henevertellslies.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

15.Tinahas__one-month-oldbaby.Shelovesitsomuch.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

16.Theyaretwinbrotherswithdifferenthobbies.TimlikesplayingfootballbutTomenjoysplaying

piano.

A,/,/B,/,theC,the,/D,the,the

17.Mr.BIackwantshisstudentstobehonest.

A,theB,aC,anD,/

18.oldladyinbrownisuniversityprofessor.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

19.Pleasestayfordinner.Itwillbereadyinhalf__hour..

A,aB,anC,theD,/

2O.Janet,eighteen-year-oldgirl,gotfirstoftheEnglishreadingcontest.

A,an,aB,a,theC,an,theD,the,the

C选择填空：

l.John,youforgottoadd"s"totheword“book"here.Becarefulnexttime,please!

A,theB,aC,anD,/

2.Shegot"A"ingeographytest.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

3.My.grandpausedtohave____walkinthegardenafter____supper.

A,a,/B,/,/C,/,aD,a,a

4.It'spleasureformetobeinvitedtoplaypianoattheconcert.

A,the,aB,a,theC,a,aD,a,/

5.What__beautifulmusic!I'vebeenlisteningforhalfhour.

A,a,anB,a,aC,/,anD,/,a

6.__Beijing,anoldmoderncity,isdevelopingrapidly,Wearegoing,tovisititthirdtime.

A,The,theB,/,aC,/,theD,The,a

7.__orangeonthedeskisfbryou,Mike.

A,AB,AnC,/D,The

8.AmawasgoodatChinesepainting,butsheisEuropeanartist.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

9.Myunclewasknockedbyamotorcycleyesterday.Nowheisinhospital.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

lO.TveneverseenaUFOsofar.Canyoutellmewhat__UFOlookslike?

A,aB,anC,theD,/

11.ManypeoplegotochurchonSunday,butothersdon't.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

12.ThelecturecamefromuniversityofEuropeancountry.

A,a,aB,an,anC,a,anD,the,/

13.postman__newspapersandlettersfromdoortodooreveryday.

A,The,deliverB,A,deliversC,/,giveD,/,gives

14.A:What'sbehindirondoor?Ican*topenit.

B:Letmesee.There'sachair.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

15.Howdoyoupronounce__"u"intheword“business”?

A,/B,aC,anD,the

16.Thatwas____unusualdayforPeter.Hegot"A"inthephysicstest.

A,a,theB,an,anC,a,anD,an,a

17.OurEnglishteacheraskedustowrite80-wordshortpassageyesterday.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

18.manneardoorisTom'sfather.

A,The,/,/B,A,the,/C,The,a,/D,The,the,/

19.What__usefullanguageitis!

A,aB,anC,/D,the

2O.Asaboy,Johncanplay__footballverywell,buthecan*tplaypiano.

A,the,/B,/,theC,/,/D,ihe,由e

D选择填空：

1.1readstory.Itisinterestingstory.

A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,an

2.Britainis_EuropeancountryandChinais_Asiancountry.

A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a

3.Chinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.

A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,a

4.elephantisbiggerthanhorse.

A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,the

5.Wealwayshavericeforlunch.

A./,/B,the,/C./,aD.the,the

6.Ittookmehourandhalftofinishwork.

A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC,an,a,theD.an,a,/

7._doctortoldmetotake_medicinethreetimes_day,stayin_bed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.

A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/

8.Thereis__pictureon____wall.Ilike____pictureverymuch.

A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,ai,aD.a,an,the

9.Januaryis______firstmonthoftheyear.

A.aB./C.anD.the

10.Shut_____door,please.

A.aB.anC.theD./

11.EinsteinwonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.

A.aB.anC.theD./

12.What__finedayitistoday!Let'sgototheSummerPalace.

A.aB.anC.theD./

13.1likemusic,butIdon'tlikemusicofthatTVplay.

A.aB.anC.theD./

14.girloverthereisEnglishteacher.

A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,a

15.IfsexcitingwaytoshopontheNet.

A.aB.anC.theD./

16.Shewas___founderof___orderofnunscalledtheMissionariesofCharity.

A.a,anB.a,/C.the,/D.the,an

17.Xi'anis___oldcitywith___longhistory,isn'tit?

A.a,anB.an,aC.the,theD.the,a

18.Nancy'ssisterisEnglishteacher,isn'tshe?

A.aB.anC.theD./

19.Chaffsisboy,buthecanplaytheguitarverywell.

A.aneight-yearsoldB.aeight-year-oldC.aeight-years-oldD.aneight-year-old

20.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplaybasketball.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.

A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/

22.Weworkfivedaysweek.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.-Inwhichclassisboyinwhite?-He*sinclass4.

A.theB.aC.anD./

24.-Wheredoyouusuallyhavelunch?-Athome.

A.aB.anC.theD./

25.Hehithissisterinface.

A.theB.herC.xD.his

26.-Haveyouseenbook?Ileftitherethismorning.-IsitChinesebook?Isawit.

A.a,theB.the,theC.the,aD.a,a

27.There's"u"and"s"inword"use”.

A.an,a,theB.a,an,xC.a,a,aD.a,an,the

28.-Didyouseemygrandmother?

-Oh,Isawoldwomansittingonachairbythelake.Maybesheis.

A.aB.anC.theD.x

29.-Doyouseemanwithdog?-Oh,Yes,dogisyellow.

A.the,a,TheB.a,a,theC.a,a,AD.a,the,A

30.Whoisbetter,LiPingorWangDong?

A.theB.aC.anD.x

第三讲课后练习

()1.-Whoisboyplayingsocceroventhere?—Heismyclassmate,LiPing-

A.aB.不填C.theD.an

()2.Thereisoldpianoincomerofthelivingroom.

A.an;theB.an;不填C.a;theD.a;a

()3.1believethatappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.

A.aB.ajiC.theD./

()4.Everymorninghespendshourdoingexercise,thenhegoestowork.

A.an;/B.a;aC.a;/D.the;/

()5.—Whatusefulbookitis!—Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplaytheguitar.

A.anB.aC.theD./

()6.Mayisfifthmonthoftheyear.lt?sverypleasantmonth.

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;/

()7.——Willyougoto_school-leavers*partytomorrow?——Certainly.Fmgoingwithmyparents.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()8.1enjoyhavingbreakfastwithmyfamilyathome.ltmakesmefeelrelaxed.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()9.—Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?

—Ittakesushourtogotomyhometownbytrain.

A.an;aB.an;/C.an;theC.a;the

()10.Don*ttellalie.Youarehonestboy.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()11.—Howoftendoyouplaytennis?

—Twiceweek.AndIofte