202x版高考英语总复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes 新人教版必修1

基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit4Earthquakes基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│当堂跟踪检测【单词回顾】分类识记拓展运用一、基础识记词汇Ⅰ.填一填(基础会书写)1.

n.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;使破产

2.

vt.破坏;毁坏;消灭

3.

n.&vt.援救;营救

4.

n.掩蔽;避身处v.保护;掩蔽;躲避

5.

n.&vt.损害;损失;损害赔偿金(pl.)基础自主梳理shelterdestroyruindamagerescue6.

vt.使陷入困境n.

陷阱;困境

7.

vt.

埋葬;掩埋;隐藏

8.

vi.爆裂;爆发;突然出现→

(过去式)→

(过去分词)

基础自主梳理burytrapburstburstburstⅡ.填一填(阅读识其义)1.canaln.

2.eventn.

3.disastern.

4.outlinen.

5.headlinen.

6.earthquaken.

7.trackn.

8.titlen.

基础自主梳理要点;大纲;轮廓事件;大事运河;水道报刊的大字标题灾难;灾祸地震轨道;足迹;痕迹标题;头衔;资格Ⅲ.用一用(语境推意)1.[2016·江苏卷]AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.

2.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.

基础自主梳理救灾的活动[熟词生义]名词event,意为“事件;大事”;在句中意为“aplannedpublicorsocialoccasion(公开的、有组织的)活动”。3.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife.

基础自主梳理跟踪[熟词生义]track常用作名词,意为“小路;痕迹,踪迹;轨道”;在句中用作动词,意为“tofollowtheprogressordevelopmentofsb/sth跟踪(进展情况)”。二、核心拓展词汇Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)1.

vt.损害;伤害→

n.伤害;受伤处

2.

n.

休克;打击vt.&vi.(使)震惊→

adj.震惊的→

adj.令人震惊的

3.

n.裁判员;法官vt.

断定;判断;判决→

n.判断;评价

4.

n.电;电流;电学→

adj.电的;用电的→

adj.发电的;与电有关的

基础自主梳理shockedinjuryinjureshockingshockjudgejudgementelectricityelectricelectrical5.

n.祝贺;(复数)贺词→

vt.祝贺

6.

vt.使惊吓;吓唬→

adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→_______________

adj.令人恐惧的

7.

vt.表示;表达n.快车;快递→

n.表达

8.

adj.极度的→

adv.极度地

9.

adv.

真诚地;真挚地→

adj.

真诚的;真挚的

基础自主梳理frighteningcongratulatecongratulationfrightenexpressfrightenedexpressionextremeextremelysincerelysincereⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Anyhow,manypeopleknewEnglishandwere

(extreme)willingtospeakit.

2.More

(shelter)forthehomelessshouldbebuiltinsomebigcities.

3.I

(sincere)wishyouapleasanttimewithus.Thankyou.

基础自主梳理sheltersextremelysincerely4.Onseeingthe

scene,thelittlegirlwasso

thatsheburstoutcrying.(frighten)

5.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Thesechemicalsefromthe

(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.

6.I

(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.

基础自主梳理frightenedfrightening

wastrappedinjured【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.-ed型形容词和-ing型形容词聚焦“令人……的”(-ing);“感到……的”(-ed)。基础自主梳理2.“自然灾害”相关单词一览①disastern.灾难;不幸②earthquaken.地震③droughtn.旱灾;干旱④eruptionn.(火山)喷发⑤hurricanen.飓风⑥tsunamin.海啸【短语扫描】归纳积累一网打尽Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)动词+介/副词1.dig

掘出;发现

介词+名词2.

anend结束;终结

3.

ruins严重受损;破败不堪

be+形容词+介词4.beproud

以……而自豪

基础自主梳理

atoutinofbe+过去分词+介词5.betrapped

陷入

6.beburied

埋头于

其他7.right

立刻;马上

8.as

好像;似乎

9.thinklittle

不重视;满不在乎

10.a(great)number

许多;大量的基础自主梳理ifininawayofofⅡ.用一用(境中提升)选用以上短语填空1.Mickwantstoseeyouinhisoffice

(立刻).

2.Ayoungcoupleinaboatwereeating,talkingandlaughingloudly_______

theyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.

3.Ipersuadedthemnottodotheexperimentinthatway,butthey___________

(不把……当回事)mysuggestion.

基础自主梳理thoughtlittleofrightawayasif4.—

(大量的)bookshavebeenstolenfromthelibrary,haven'tthey?

—Yes.Thenumberofthemis26,000.基础自主梳理Agreatnumberof背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)1.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigswere___________________eat.

在农家院子里,鸡,甚至猪都惶恐不安,以致不吃食。“too…to…“太……而不……”,表示否定意义1.那辆自行车似乎太重了以至于不能控制。Thebikeseemed_______________________________.

基础自主梳理【句式再现】攻克句型对接高考toonervoustotooheavytocontrol基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)2.__________________________

theworldwasatanend!

仿佛到了世界末日!Itseemsasif…看起来好像……2.[2016·江苏卷·书面表达]我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。Itseemedasifeverythinginmychildhood___________________________.

Itseemedasifhadjusthappened基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)3.

lost.

不是所有的希望都破灭了。部分否定3.[2016·上海卷·书面表达]但是,并非所有的孩子都认为父母以他们为荣。However,_________________

considerthattheirparentsareproudofthem.

Allhopewasnotnotallchildrenburst

vi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在这个城市里,有些建筑物中的水管爆裂开来。(2)Hisappearanceontheplatformwasgreetedwithaburstofapplause.他一登台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。考点分层突破核心词汇考点分层突破·归纳拓展①burstin/into闯入;突然破门而入;突然爆发burstout 突然迸发;爆发burstwithanger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支②aburstof 一阵……【名师指津】(1)burstinto与burstout都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况”的意思,但burstinto后面接名词(如tears,laughter等),burstout后面接动名词(如crying,laughing等)。Sheburstoutcryingforawhile,andburstintolaughterforanothermoment,whichleftusataloss.她一会儿突然哭起来,一会儿又突然笑起来,这使我们一头雾水。(2)短语burstin中的in是副词,后面不接宾语;而burstinto后接宾语。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)Theothertwoboysjumpedupwithfright,staringatTom.Suddenly,theyburstout

(laugh).

(2)He

(burst)intomyroomwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.考点分层突破laughingburst2ruinn.[U]毁坏;毁灭;破坏n.[C](pl.)废墟;残垣断壁vt.使破产;糟蹋;毁灭·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒内,一座大城市就成为一片废墟。(2)[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?谁会想通过吃垃圾食品来破坏他们的良好锻炼?考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展①inruins严重受损;破败不堪bring…toruin 使……毁灭;使……没落fallintoruin/bereducedtoruins成为废墟/沦为废墟②ruinoneself 自取灭亡【名师指津】ruin指“废墟”时,常用复数形式。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhood

ruins.

(2)Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,pletely

(ruin)ourholiday.

考点分层突破inruining3injurevt.损害;伤害·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他们当中有三分之二的人在地震中伤亡。(2)[2016·天津卷]Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带的话,我可能已经受伤了。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展①injuredadj.受伤的theinjured 伤员②injuryn. 损伤;伤口;伤害dosbaninjury/doaninjurytosb 伤害某人·易混辨析injure/wound/hurtHeretiredfromthearmybecauseofbeingwoundedinafight.Soonafter,hemetwithanaccident,whereluckilyhewasnotinjuredbutwashurttosomedegree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次事故,幸运的是他的身体没有受伤,但他的心灵在一定程度上受到了伤害。考点分层突破injure多指意外事故造成的伤害,也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤,身体上出现明显的伤口,多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害,也可指身体上的疼痛·即学即练(1)单句语法填空①Dogownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpets_______________injurytootherpeopleorcausedamagetotheirproperty.

②[2018·北京卷]Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankles

_______________(injure)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks.

考点分层突破anwasinjured(2)完成句子幸运的是,她伤得并不重,我们把她送到了最近的医院。

andwesenthertothenearesthospital.

考点分层突破Luckilyshewasnotbadlyinjured4shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊

·经典例句(1)PeoplewereshockedtoseethattheUFOwasflyingoverthecity.Theshockingnewsshockedallthepeoplearound,whichwasalsoagreatshocktopeoplealloverthecountry.人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行。这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的所有人,也极大地震惊了全国各地的人们。考点分层突破(2)Theparentswereshockedbythenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.父母被儿子的膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展①(be)ashocktosb对某人来说是一件令人震惊的事anelectricshock 电击;触电②shockedadj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的;感到惊讶的beshockedat/by 被……震惊beshockedtodosth 因做某事而感到震惊shockingadj. (主语多为物)令人气愤的;令人震惊的·即学即练(1)单句语法填空①[2018·浙江卷]Istillremembervisitingafriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI

(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.

②Iwasshocked

(hear)thatyourmother-in-lawpassedawaylastweek.

考点分层突破wasshockedtohear

(2)单句改错Itwassuchshocktohearthatyouwereinanaccident.考点分层突破shock前加a5judgen.裁判员;法官;评判员vt.断定;判断;判决

·经典例句(1)[教材原句P30]Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五位裁判听了你的演讲,他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。(2)“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.常言道:“不能以貌取人。”考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展①judge…(tobe)…

判断/认为……是……judge…by/from…

根据……判断……judgebetweenrightandwrong 判断是非asfarassbcanjudge 据某人判断;某人认为②judgingby/from…

依据……来判断③judgementn. 看法;判决;判断【名师指津】judgingfrom/by用在句首时,为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词形式作状语,而不用过去分词形式。用法类似的还有:generallyspeaking一般来说;franklyspeaking坦白地说;considering考虑到。Judgingby/fromthelookonherface,shemighthavefailedtheexamination.根据她脸上的表情来判断,她可能考试没及格。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)Schoolstendtobejudged

theperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams.

(2)[2016·江苏卷]Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryand

(judge).

考点分层突破by/from

judgement6buryvt.掩埋;埋葬;隐藏

·经典例句Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时,她掩面而泣。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展·即学即练(1)单句语法填空①Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands

(bury)inthepockets.

②Hesankdownontheground,

(bury)hisfaceinhishands.

(2)完成句子自从搬到那里以后,他一直专注于他的研究工作。Eversincehemovedthere,he

inhisresearchwork.

考点分层突破buriedburyinghasburiedhimself/hasbeenburied对点训练语境语法填空Accordingtoa1.

(judge)madebysomeexperts,TyphoonShanzhucausedTaiwan'sworstdestructioninhalfacentury,killing15peopleand2.

(injure)numerous.Riverbanks3.

_________(burst)duetotheheavyrain.Avillage4.

(bury)byalandslidethoughthevillagershadbeenwarnedthattheirvillagewouldbeatriskof5.

(ruin).Helicoptersweresenttothe6.

(destroy)areasbecausemanypeople7.

(trap)undertheroofsneeded8.

(rescue).

考点分层突破judgementinjuringburstwasburiedbeingruineddestroyedtrappedtoberescuedatanend

结束;终结·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日!(2)Assoonasyouhearit,youknowthemeetingisatanend.当你听到它(这句话)时,你就知道会议结束了。考点分层突破高频短语考点分层突破·归纳拓展①onend连续(地);直立intheend 最后;终于attheendof…

在……的末端;在……结束时bytheendof…

到……为止(常与完成时态连用)②put/bringanendto结束etoanend 结束③make(both)endsmeet 使收支相抵;量入为出·即学即练用end相关短语的适当形式完成下列短文(1)

(在……结束时)themeeting,thegeneralmanagersaidinaloudvoice,“We‘vetriedhardtosolvethefinancialproblem,and(2)

______________(终于)we’vesucceeded.So(3)

(到……结束时)nextweek,thebadsituationwill(4)

(结束)andeverythingwillbeallright.”

考点分层突破Attheendofintheendbytheendofhaveetoanend2a(great)numberof

许多;大量的·经典例句(1)[教材原句P27]Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.这么多人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。(2)Nowagreatnumberofcollegegraduatesareseekingtogetahigh-paidjob.Butthenumberofpostsavailableforthemisoftennotenough.如今很多大学毕业生在找一份报酬不菲的工作,但适合他们的岗位的数量经常不足。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展表示“大量的,许多”的其他表达方式:【名师指津】(1)alarge/greatnumberof“许多的,大量的”,后面跟可数名词的复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。anumberof后加可数名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)“thenumberof+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,表示“……的数目”。表示“数量多少”时,要用great,large,small或high,low,不用many,few。考点分层突破TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的诞生地。Indeed,thenumberofforeigntouristsinChinaissharplyincreasing,whichcausesabigconcern.事实上,外国游客在中国的数量正在急剧增加,这引起了极大的关注。考点分层突破·即学即练(1)单句语法填空Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty

fifty,butanumberofthem

absentfordifferentreasons.(be)

(2)完成句子随着英语学习者的数量上涨,对他们来说在汉语语境里理解这些词并不困难。

,it'snotdifficultforthemtounderstandthesewordsinChinesecontexts.考点分层突破isareWiththenumberofEnglishlearnersontherise对点训练运用所学的短语完成下列小片段Anexplosionbrokeoutatmidnight.Itseemedasiftheworldwas1.

_____________(结束)!2.

(大量的)firefightersweresenttothescene3.

(立刻).Thefirespreadsoquicklythatthebuilding4.

(成为废墟)innotime.5.

(从……判断)thesituation,anumberofpeoplegotinjured,andsomeofthem6.

__________________(被困在)thefirewaitingforrescue.Finally,thefirefightersdidalltheycouldtoputoutthefireandtriedtocarrythetrappedpeopleout.

考点分层突破atanendAgreatnumberoflayinruinsJudgingfromrightawayweretrappedinInthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.(教材P26)在农家院子里,鸡,甚至猪都惶恐不安,以致不吃食。·句型公式

考点分层突破重点句型“too+adj./adv.+(forsb)+todosth”表示否定的意义,意思是“太……而不能……”。【名师指津】(1)在too…to…结构中,如使用表示人的心情或意愿的、具有积极意义的形容词,如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等,通常无法用否定意义来解释。这时,不定式表示肯定意义,too(前面通常有only修饰)相当于very。(2)can't/canneverbetoo…=can't/canneverbe…enough再怎么……也不过分。考点分层突破·经典例句(1)Thebikeistooheavyforhimtocontrol.这辆自行车对他来说太重,无法控制。(2)Hewastooeagertoknowtheresultofhisexamination.他迫切想知道考试的结果。(3)Youcannotbetoocareful(=Youcanneverbecarefulenough)todoyourhomework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分)。考点分层突破·即学即练(1)同义句转换①Youmustbeverycarefulwhencrossingtheroad.→You

whencrossingtheroad.

②Heissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.→Heis

thearmy.

考点分层突破can'tbetoocarefultooyoungtojoin(2)单句改错①Thisquestionistoodifficulttometoanswer.②Wecalledtoaskthekittyedown,however,itwassofrightenedtomove.考点分层突破第一个to→for

kitty后面加to;so→too2Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!

(教材P26)仿佛到了世界末日!

【名师指津】(1)asif是连词词组,意为“好像,好似”,相当于asthough,一般用于句型Itlooks/seemsasif…中,其意思是“看起来好像……”。asif所引导的从句如果表示的情况接近事实,句子要用陈述语气;如果与事实相反,句子要用虚拟语气。Thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.食物尝起来好像缺点儿什么东西。Hepointstwofingersathishead,asifhewereholdingagun.他用两根手指指着他的头,仿佛他正举着一把枪。考点分层突破(2)如果asif引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句的主语和be动词,这样asif后只剩下名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.她匆忙离开了房间,好像生气了。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)ItwasJohnwho/thatbrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI

(do)it?

(2)Johnpretendsasifhe

(know)thethingverywell,butinfacthedoesn'tknowitatall.考点分层突破haddone

knew对点训练语境语法填空Somestudents,mostof1.

aregirls,beetoostressed2.

______________(sleep)wellthenightbeforeanimportantexam.However,3.

____________allteachersareskilledathelpingthemstaycalmandrelaxed.Someteachersevenpletelyignorethisfactasifitnever4._________

(exist).Experiencedteacherswillsaysomethinglike“Youcandoit!”“You'rethebest!”,5.

canencouragethemtobuilduptheirconfidence.

考点分层突破whomtosleepnotexisted

whichⅠ.单句语法填空1.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmoveincaseshe

(injure)herneck.

2.Itiswrongofyoutoleavethemachine

(work)alldaylong.

3.AsChinadevelopsfastandsteady,anumberofforeigners__________

(learn)Chineseasasecondlanguage.

4.Thenewsthathisgrandpahaddiedwas

terribleshocktohim.

当堂跟踪检测injuredworkingarelearninga5.[2018·北京卷]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho

__________________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

6.—_____________________(congratulate)onyourexamresults!

—Thanks.7.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'mnotsurewhoismore________________(frighten),meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.

8.Hiscar_______________intheaccidentsohegotsome

fromtheinsurancepany.(damage)当堂跟踪检测hadbeentrappedCongratulationswasdamagedfrighteneddamages9.Tomakethemostofyourtime,liveeverymomentasifit

(be)yourlast.

10.Hesaidhewasproud

Lucyandwantedtoexpresshisthanks

_______herbecauseshehadwongreathonourfortheschool.

当堂跟踪检测were

oftoⅡ.短语填空1.

whatyousayinyourletter,youdon'tgetalongwellwithyourclassmates.

2.It'sreportedthat

peoplewererescuedfromundertheruins.

当堂跟踪检测Judging