欧洲税收行业市场前景及投资研究报告-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYTaxationinEuropeCHAPTER

01OverviewoftaxationinEuropeAnnualtaxrevenueasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheEuropeanUnionfrom1973to2021Taxrevenueasapercentageofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheEU1973-202121.5%20.5%19.5%18.5%17.5%16.5%15.5%14.5%13.5%3Description:Whenmeasuredasapercentageofgrossdomesticproduct,taxrevenueintheEuropeanUnionhasstagnatedforthepasttwodecades,withrevenuesasashareofGDPstandingat19.8percentin2021.Taxrevenueshadrisenconsistentlyfromthe1970suntilthelate1990s,whenrevenuespeakedat20.52percentin1999.Afterthishigh-point,taxrevenuesslumpedtoaround19percentofGDPby2004,sincewhichtheyhavebeenonanupwardtrend,notwithstandingfluctuations.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1973to2021Source(s):WorldBankTotalannualrevenuefromallformsoftaxationandsocialcontributionsintheEuropeanUnionfrom1995to2022(inmillionsofeuros)TotalannualtaxationrevenuesintheEuropeanUnion1995-20227,000,0006,500,0006,000,0005,913,782.45,600,120.85,221,212.74,853,389.34,581,955.74,343,961.24,027,584.15,500,0005,000,0004,500,0004,000,0003,500,0003,000,0004,187,142.53,686,199.73,378,215.53,209,413.72,999,4332,728,0892,473,916.32,500,0002,000,0001995

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20224Description:Overtheperiodfrom1995to2022,totalannualtaxrevenuesconsistentlyincreasedfromaround2.5trillioneurosin1995,tooversixtrillioneurosin2022.Onlyintwoyearsoverthis27yearperioddidtaxrevenuesdeclinecomparedtothepreviousyear,in2009duetothegreatrecessionandin2020duetothecoronaviruspandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1995to2022Source(s):EurostatTotalannualtaxrevenuesinEuropein2022,bycountry(inmillionsofeuros)AnnualtaxrevenuesinEuropebycountry2022Taxrevenueinmillionsofeuros800,000

1,000,0000200,000400,000600,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,000GermanyFrance1,581,3631,217,996Italy830,605Spain507,406NetherlandsNorway*BelgiumSwedenPoland368,906245,509.3239,725.1235,221.8225,584.8Austria193,139.7159,476115,576105,916.1DenmarkFinlandIreland5Description:GermanywastheEuropeancountrywhichcollectedthegreatesttotaltaxrevenues(includingsocialsecurityrevenues),withthecountrycollecting1.5trillioneurosoftaxesin2022.FrancewasthecountryinEuropewiththesecondlargesttaxbasein2022,with1.2trillionEurosoftaxescollected,whileItalycollectedt830billioneuros.ThesmallislandnationofMaltacollectedtheleasttaxrevenuein2022,withonly5billioneurosofrevenues.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022;*IcelandandNorwayarenotmembersoftheEuropeanUnion,butasmembersoftheEuropeanEconomicArea-apartnershipbetweentheEUandnon-EUEuropeanstates-theirtaxationdataiscollectedbyEUinstitutions.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatTotalannualtaxationrevenuesinFrance,Germany,Italy,theNetherlands,andSpainfrom1995to2022(inmillionsofeuros)AnnualtaxrevenuesinthefivelargesteconomiesintheEuropeanUnion1995-2022GermanySpainFranceItalyNetherlands1,800,0001,600,0001,400,0001,200,0001,000,000800,000600,000400,000200,00001,478,4571,129,440773,8081,392,6581,103,6331,285,4111,064,9201,172,7031,004,1621,081,760963,3341,015,010894,014945,050

945,931829,609856,606756,283845,489830,138

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767,485.1557,070.6757,413726,339696,705

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655,061616,851479,929580,578515,821.1346,966.3517,867460,060.4463,426341,658432,852319,237392,170394,461285,601365,241254,923338,323230,648

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332,232265,799178,512229,896220,071219,532197,398166,400.4171,054147,193.4155,870128,879.8

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20226Description:GermanyisthecountryintheEuropeanUnionwhichcollectsthegreatesttaxrevenueseachyear,withEurope'slargesteconomycollectingalmost1.6trillioneurosintaxesandsocialsecuritycontributionsin2022.FranceandItalyarethesecondandthirdlargesttaxcollectorsintermsofrevenuesintheEU,however,thegapbetweenthetwocountrieshadbeengrowingsince2009,asthestagnationoftheItalianeconomyinthepast15yearshaslimitedincreasesintaxrevenues.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1995to2022Source(s):EurostatShareofannualtaxrevenuesfromtaxesoncapital,consumption,andlaborintheEuropeanUnionfrom1995to2021ShareoftotaltaxrevenueintheEUbytypeoftax1995-2021TaxesonlaborTaxesonconsumptionTaxesoncapital100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%1995

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20217Description:IntheEuropeanUnion,approximatelyhalfofalltaxrevenuesaregeneratedbytaxesonlaborincome,withafurther27.5percentofrevenuescomingfromconsumptiontaxes,whileonlyafifthcamefromtaxesoncapital.Overthepastdecade,thecompositionoftotaltaxrevenuesinEuropehasremainedgenerallystable,withslightincreasesintheshareofrevenuesgeneratedbycapitaltaxes,andslightdeclinesinthesharegeneratedbylabortaxes.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1995to2021Source(s):EuropeanCommissionShareoftotaltaxrevenuegeneratedbytaxesonlabor,consumption,andcapitalintheEuropeanUnionin2021,bycountryShareoftaxrevenuegeneratedbydifferenttypesoftaxesinEUcountries2021ShareoftaxrevenueTaxesonlabor30%Taxesonconsumption40%

50%Taxesoncapital60%0%10%20%70%80%90%100%EuropeanUnionEurozoneSwedenGermanyAustria51.4%52%56.6%56.1%55.9%53.8%53.6%52.2%51.7%50.9%50.9%50.8%27.5%26.6%21%21.4%27.7%15.7%18.7%18.2%13.5%25.2%25.9%32.7%31.8%33.6%SlovakiaCzechiaSloveniaEstoniaSpainItalyFrance14.6%14.2%38.9%9.4%25.6%26.2%25.9%23.5%22.9%23.2%8Description:ApproximatelyhalfofalltaxrevenuesweregeneratedbytaxesonlaborintheEuropeanUnionin2021,withanadditional27.5percentcomingfromconsumptiontaxes,andaroundafifthcomingfromtaxesoncapital.Sweden,Germany,andAustriaweretheEuropeancountrieswhichgeneratedthegreatestrevenuefromlabortaxes,withthesecountriesbeingprimeexemplarsoftraditionalEuropeanwelfarestateswhichapplyhighlyprogressivetaxes-i.e.themoreincomeapersonearns,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021;*NorwayisnotamemberoftheEuropeanUnion,however,asapartoftheEuropeanEconomicArea-apartnershipbetweentheEUandothernon-EUEuropeancountries-theEU'sstatisticalagenciesalsocollectdata[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommissionShareoftotaltaxationrevenuescollectedbydifferentlevelsofgovernmentintheEuropeanUnionin2022,bycountryShareoftaxrevenuescollectedbydifferentlevelsofgovernmentintheEU2022ShareoftaxrevenuesCentralgovernment10%

20%45.84%43.11%Socialsecurityfunds30%

40%Localgovernment50%Stategovernment60%

70%35.48%38.17%EUInstitutions80%0%90%10.18%8.9%100%7.78%0.729.07%

0.750.67EuropeanUnionEurozoneMalta99.33%89.72%Norway*IrelandEstoniaDenmarkIceland*Bulgaria10.28%84.11%82.55%72.99%72.51%13.51%15.98%26.58%27.49%1

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825%0.390.05%0%69.99%68.32%67.64%67.33%26.56%26.9%30.76%27.32%2.602.%843.621%.1600.

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637%LuxembourgCyprusHungary4.710%.64%9Description:Asof2022,approximately46percentofalltaxrevenuesintheEUwerecollectedbycentralgovernments,withanadditional35.5percentcollectedbysocialsecurityfunds,suchaspensionfundsandunemploymentinsurancefunds.InmorefederalizedEuropeancountries,suchasGermanyandSpain,amuchhighershareoftaxrevenuesarecollectedbystategovernments,withapproximatelyaquarterofGermantaxrevenuesbeingcollectedbyfederalstatesand15percentof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022;*IcelandandNorwayarenotEUmembers,buttheirdataiscollectedbyEUstatisticalagenciesastheyaremembersoftheEuropeanEconomicArea.

ReadmoreSource(s):EuropeanCommissionCHAPTER

02IncometaxesHigheststatutoryincometaxratesinEuropein2024,bycountryTopstatutoryincometaxratesinEurope2024TopStatutoryPersonalIncomeTaxRateTopStatutoryPersonalIncomeTaxRateTopStatutoryPersonal0%10%20%30%40%50%60%DenmarkFrance55.9%55.4%55%54%53.5%53%52.3%51.4%AustriaSpainBelgiumPortugalSwedenFinlandSloveniaNetherlandsIreland50%49.5%48%47.5%47.3%GermanyItaly11Description:DenmarkistheEuropeancountrywiththehighesttopstatutoryincometaxrateasof2024,withtheNordiccountryhavingatoptaxationbandof55.9percent.OthercountrieswithhightaxesontopearnersincludedFrance,withatoprateof55.4percent,Austria,withatoprateof55percent,andSpain,withatoprateof54percent.ManycountriesinEuropehaverelativelyhightopincometaxrateswhencomparedwithotherregionsglobally,asthesecountrieshaverelativelygenerous[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EUSource(s):TaxFoundationAveragerateoftaxationonincomeearnedbydifferenthouseholdtypesandtypesofearnersinEuropein2022,bycountry(asapercentageofgrossannualearnings)AveragerateofincometaxationfordifferenthouseholdinEuropeancountries2022AveragerateoftaxationSinglepersonwithoutchildrenearning167%oftheaverageearningTwo-earnercouplewithoutchildren,bothearning100%oftheaverageearningSinglepersonwithoutchildrenearning100%oftheaverageearningTwo-earnercouplewithtwochildren,bothearning100%oftheaverageearningOne-earnercouplewithtwochildrenearning100%oftheaverageearning0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%EuropeanUnionBelgiumGermanyDenmarkLuxembourgLithuaniaItalyFinlandAustriaSlovenia12Description:Asof2022,theaveragetaxationrateforasinglepersonwithoutchildrenwhoearnedanaveragesalaryintheEuropeanUnionwas29.62percentoftheirtotalearnings.Foratwo-earnercouplewithoutchildrenearninganaveragesalaryitwasslightlymore,at29.64percent,whileforasinglepersonwithoutchildrenearning1.67timestheaveragesalary,therateoftaxationintheEUwas35.12%.Havingchildrengreatlyreducedtheaveragerateoftaxation,withaone-earnercouplewith[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):EurostatImplicittaxationrateonlaborincomeinEuropeanUnioncountriesin2022ImplicittaxationrateonlaborincomeinEuropeanUnioncountries2022Implicittaxrate20%

25%0%5%10%15%30%35%40%45%50%EuropeanUnionEurozoneItaly37.8%38.4%43.5%GreeceBelgiumAustria42.4%41.1%40.4%39.7%FranceFinland39%SwedenGermanyHungarySlovakiaSpain38.5%38%36.5%36.5%36.4%13Description:ThecountryintheEUwiththehighestimplicittaxationrateonlaborincomewasItalyin2022,witharateof43.5percent,whileGreecehadthesecondhighestrateat42.4percent.BulgariaandMaltahadthelowestratesofimplicittaxesonlaborincome,at24.9percentand25.8percentrespectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommissionCHAPTER

03CorporationtaxesCorporatetaxratesinEuropein2023,bycountryCorporatetaxratesinEurope2023Corporatetaxrate0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%MaltaGermanyNetherlandsBelgium35%30%25.8%25%FranceSpain25%25%Turkey25%UnitedKingdomLuxembourgItaly25%24.94%24%Austria23%DenmarkNorway22%22%15Description:Asof2023,MaltahadthehighestcorporatetaxrateinEuropewithaceilingof35percent.Germanyfollowedinsecondplacewithamaximumtaxrateof30percent.Hungary,Montenegro,andtheIsleofManholdsomeofthelowestcorporatetaxratesinEurope.Thismaychangein2024,however,asmembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)haveagreedtosetaglobalminimumcorporatetaxrateof15percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;December2023Source(s):TradingEconomicsCombinedcorporateincometaxratesinEuropein2023,bycountryCombinedcentralandsub-centralcorporateincometaxratesinEuropein2023Corporationincometaxrate0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%PortugalGermanyItaly31.5%29.94%27.81%FranceNetherlandsBelgium25.83%25.8%25%Spain25%25%UnitedKingdomLuxembourgAustria24.94%24%DenmarkGreeceNorway22%22%22%16Description:Portugalhadthehighestcombinedcorporateincometaxratein2023,reaching31.5percent,andwasfollowedbyGermanywitharateof29.94percent.Ontheotherhand,Hungaryhadthelowestcombinedcorporateincometaxrate,reachingjustninepercentin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2023Source(s):OECDAveragetaxonprofitasshareofturnoverinselectedcountriesinEuropein2019,bycompanysizeTaxonprofitofEuropeaneconomiesbycompanysize2019Smallandmediumcompanies(turnover<50millioneuros)Largecompanies(turnover>50millioneuros)1.8%1.6%1.4%1.2%1.0%0.8%0.6%0.4%0.2%0.0%1.6%1.4%1.3%1.3%1.2%1.1%1.1%1.1%0.8%0.8%ItalySpainGermanyFrancePoland17Description:Taxesonprofitdiffernotonlyacrosscountries,butalsoacrosscompanysizes.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;June2019;forecast/Valuesarebasedontotaleconomy,excludingfinancialandinsuranceactivities,publicadministrationandactivitiesofhouseholds.Source(s):CHAPTER

04ConsumptiontaxesImplicittaxationrateonconsumptioninEuropeanUnioncountriesin2022ImplicittaxationrateonconsumptioninEuropeanUnioncountries2022Implicittaxationrate10%0%5%15%20%25%EuropeanUnionEurozoneDenmarkHungarySweden17.2%16.8%23.4%22.9%22%22%NorwayEstoniaLuxembourgCroatia21.6%21.6%21.3%20.9%20.2%20%19.6%FinlandGreeceCzechiaSlovenia19Description:ThecountryintheEuropeanUnionwiththehighestimplicittaxationrateonconsumptionwasDenmarkin2022,withanimplicittaxrateof23.4%,whileHungarywasthecountrywiththesecondhighestimplicittaxrateat22.9percent.SpainwastheEUcountrywiththelowestimplicitconsumptiontaxrate,at14.2percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommissionValueaddedtax(VAT)revenuesinEuropeancountriesin2021(inmillioneuros)VATrevenuesinEuropeancountriesin2021Millionsofeuros150,000050,000100,000200,000250,000300,000GermanyFranceUnitedKingdom*Italy259,385184,731184,420120,980Spain82,250NetherlandsPoland65,40049,31749,215SwedenBelgiumDenmarkAustriaFinlandPortugal34,30433,61830,66823,55119,10820Description:In2021,Germanycollectedapproximately259.4billionEurosinvalue-addedtax(VAT)receipts,thehighestofanymemberstateoftheEuropeanUnioninthatyear.ThelowestrecordedVATtaxrevenuesduringthistimeperiodwereinMalta,atjustonebillionseuros.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021;*ThedatafortheUnitedKingdomcomesfromHMRevenueandCustomsandisconvertedfromBritishpoundstoeurosataconversionrateof:1pound=1.17euro(validasof3/15/2024).

ReadmoreSource(s):CASE;EuropeanCommission;WIFOValue-addedtax(VAT)standardratesintheEuropeanUnionin2021,bymemberstateVATstandardratesintheEuropeanUnionin2021VATstandardrate15%0%5%10%20%25%30%HungarySwedenDenmarkCroatia27%25%25%25%GreeceFinland24%24%PortugalPoland23%23%SloveniaItaly22%22%SpainNetherlandsLithuania21%21%21%21Description:HungaryhadthehigheststandardVATtaxrateintheEuropeanUnionin2021,at27percent,withCroatia,SwedenandDenmarkalsohavingrelativelyhighVATtaxratesof25percent.TheEUmemberstatewiththelowestVATratein2021wasLuxembourg,at17percent.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2021Source(s):CASE;EuropeanCommission;WIFOPercentageofvalueaddedtax(VAT)revenuelostintheEuropeanUnionin2021,bymemberstatePercentageofVATrevenuelostintheEU2021ShareofVATrevenuelost20%0%5%10%15%25%30%35%40%RomaniaMalta36.7%25.7%GreeceLithuaniaItalySlovakiaCyprusLatviaCzechiaBelgiumIrelandCroatiaDenmark17.8%14.5%10.8%10.6%8.3%7.3%7%6.9%6.7%5.7%5%22Description:In2021,thegreatestdifferencebetweenexpectedvalue-addedtax(VAT)andtheactualamountcollectedinaEuropeanUnioncountrywas36.7percentinRomania.TheEUcountrywiththesmallestVATgapwasintheNetherlands,wherethetaxationauthoritiescollected0.2percentmoreVATrevenuesthantheyexpected.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EUSource(s):CASE;EuropeanCommission;WIFOValueaddedtax(VAT)gapamountintheEuropeanUnionin2021(inmillioneuros)VATtaxgapamountintheEuropeanUnion2021VATTaxGapinmillioneuros6,000

8,00002,0004,00010,00012,00014,00016,000ItalyFrance14,6009,552RomaniaGermanyGreece8,9967,4603,231BelgiumSwedenDenmarkPoland2,5301,9351,7801,694CzechiaIrelandAustria1,3621,116883871Slovakia23Description:In2021,thehighestrecordedVATtaxgapintheEUwasinItaly,atover14.5billioneuros.ThelowestrecordedVATtaxgapduringthistimeperiodwasintheNetherlands,wherethetaxauthoritiesactuallycollected146millioneurosmoreinVATthantheyhadexpectedtocollect.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021Source(s):CASE;EuropeanCommission;WIFOCHAPTER

05OthertaxesEnvironmentaltaxrevenuesintheEuropeanUnionfrom1995to2022,bytypeoftax(inmillionsofeuros)EnvironmentaltaxrevenuesintheEuropeanUnion1995-2022EnergytaxesTransporttaxesTaxesonPollution350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,00001995

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202225Description:TherevenueintakefromenvrionmentaltaxesintheEuropeanUnionwas320billioneurosin2022,havingincreasedbyaprroximately40billioneurossincetenyearspriorwhentheenvironmentaltaxintakewascloserto280billioneuros.Inspiteofthislong-termtrendtowardsincreasesinen