基于51单片机节拍器的设计与实现

PAGEPAGE2基于51单片机节拍器的设计与实现目录1课题的背景和意义 22硬件电路设计 23软件设计 43.1程序流程 43.2程序设计 64节拍器的实现 134.1电路搭建 134.2程序烧录 161课题的背景和意义节拍简单说就是打拍子，就像听音乐时不由自主地随之拍手或跺脚。节拍器是一种能在各种速度中发出稳定的节拍的电动或电子装置。在乐器学习中经常需要用节拍器来控制节奏。本课题任务是设计一个基于51系列单片机的节拍器，同时附带音乐播放功能；具体功能如下：使用四个按键控制，一个用来切换到慢速节拍的状态，一个用来切换到快速节拍的状态，一个用来切换打节拍时LED的闪烁方式，一个用来切换歌曲，其中音乐播放共有两首歌曲，一首是大约在冬季，一首是寂寞沙洲冷，播放歌曲时，蜂鸣器发出某个音调，与之对应的LED点亮。2硬件电路设计如图1所示，本系统由时钟电路、复位电路、单片机AT89C51、按键输入电路、蜂鸣器和LED显示电路组成。图1系统方框图如图2所示，通过P1口控制LED的闪烁。蜂鸣器的播放由P3.7口控制。按键输入电路由4个独立式按键组成。设定了三种速度的节拍。默认速度为中速，通过P22（快速）和P23(慢速)口所接按钮控制另外两种速度。当按下并锁住（不弹起）“按下慢速”键后，切换到慢速节拍模式；当按下并锁住（不弹起）“按下快速”键后，切换到快速节拍模式；按下“闪烁方式切换”键后改变LED的闪烁方式，按下“乐曲切换”键后可切换歌曲。共有两首歌曲。图2电路图表1元器件清单名称元器件名称型号/参数数量单片机AT89C51STC89C511陶瓷电容CAP30PF2电解电容CAP-ELEC22uF1晶振CRYSTAL12MHZ1发光二极管LED-YELLOW红色8电阻R11K1排阻RESPACK-81K1独立按键K1、K2、K3、K48蜂鸣器LS13软件设计3.1程序流程本系统程序主要由主程序、播放音乐子程序、延时165ms子程序、延时1ms子程序及蜂鸣器叫一声子程序构成。主程序流程如图3所示图3主程序流程播放音乐子程序流程如图4所示。图4播放音乐子程序流程3.2程序设计播放的两首歌曲，一首为“大约在冬季”，另一首为“寂寞沙洲冷”。通过改变蜂鸣器声音的延时时间来改变节拍器的速度。C语言源程序代码如下：#include<reg52.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintsbitkey1=P3^2;//按key1可选择节拍器模式并切换led显示样式sbitkey2=P3^3;//按key2可选择音乐播放模式并可切换歌曲sbitfm=P3^7;//蜂鸣器连接的IO口sbitP34=P2^2;//节拍器慢速模式开关sbitP35=P2^3;//节拍器快速模式开关ucharcodehuayang1[]={0x7f,0xbf,0xdf,0xef,0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf};//led样式1ucharcodehuayang2[]={0x7f,0xfe,0xbf,0xfd,0xdf,0xfb,0xef,0xf7,0xef,0xfb,0xdf,0xfd,0xbf,0xfe};//led样式2uinta;ucharcount1; ucharcount2; uchartimeh,timel,i;//简谱//编程规则:字节高位是简谱码,低位是节拍码,//1-7代表中央C调,8-E代表高八度,0代表停顿//最后的0xff是结束标志ucharcodedyzdj[]={//大约在冬季0x81,0x82,0x81,0x02,0x81,0x91,0xA1,0xC1,0xC2,0x02,//轻轻地我将离开你0xA1,0xC1,0xD2,0xA1,0xA1,0x92,0x91,0xA5,0x02,//请将眼角的泪拭去0xA1,0x91,0x82,0x61,0x61,0x02,0xA1,0x91,0x82,0x61,0x61,0x02,//漫漫长夜里，未来日子里0x61,0x81,0x92,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x91,0x81,0xC5,0x04,//亲爱的你别为我哭泣0x81,0x82,0x81,0x82,0x81,0x91,0xA1,0xC1,0xC2,0x02,//前方的路虽然太凄迷0xA1,0xC1,0xD1,0xA1,0xA1,0xA1,0xA1,0x91,0x91,0xA3,0x02,0x02,//请在笑容里为我祝福0xA1,0x91,0x82,0x61,0x61,0x02,0xA1,0x91,0x82,0x61,0x61,0x02,//虽然迎头风，虽然下着雨0x61,0x81,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x91,0x92,0x51,0x65,0x04,//我在风雨之中念着你0xD1,0xD2,0xD3,0xA2,0xC1,0xC2,0xC3,//没有你的日子里0xA1,0x91,0x82,0x82,0x81,0x92,0x81,0xA4,0x04,//我会更加珍惜自己0xD1,0xD2,0xD3,0xD1,0xE1,0xD1,0xC2,0xD1,0x02,//没有我的岁月里0xA1,0xC1,0xD2,0xA2,0x91,0x82,0xC5,0x04,0xff,//你要保重你自己};ucharcodejmszl[]={//寂寞沙洲冷0x12,0x12,0x22,0x32,0x31,0x22,0x21,0x22,//自你走后心憔悴0x21,0x31,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x61,0x15,0x14,//白色油桐风中纷飞0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x62,0x13,0x11,0x13,0x32,0x28,0x08,0x28,//落花似人有情这个季节0x31,0x32,0x31,0x32,0x11,0x21,0x51,0x52,0x51,0x52,//河畔的风放肆拼命地吹0x51,0x51,0x31,0x32,0x31,0x32,0x81,0x72,0x63,//不断拨弄离人的眼泪0x62,0x71,0x81,0x72,0x61,0x61,0x52,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x51,0x54,//那样浓烈的爱再也无法给0x22,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x12,0x14,0x26,0x32,0x26,//伤感一夜一夜0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,//当记忆的线缠绕过往支离破碎0x02,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x62,0x52,0x34,//是慌乱占据了心扉 0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x82,//有花儿伴着蝴蝶0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x61,0x53,//孤雁可以双飞 0x21,0x11,0x21,0x11,0x22,0x11,0x21,0x26,//夜深人静独徘徊0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x52,//当幸福恋人寄来红色分享喜悦0x31,0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x31,0x56,//闭上双眼难过头也不敢回0x32,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x81,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x34,//仍然捡尽寒枝不肯安歇微带着后悔0x21,0x31,0x51,0x31,0x21,0x11,0x61,0x21,0x16,//寂寞沙洲我该思念谁0xff};//简谱音调对应的定时器初值//适合12M的晶振ucharcodechuzhi[]={0xff,0xff,//占位0xFC,0x44,//中央C调1-70xFC,0xAC, 0xFD,0x08, 0xFD,0x35, 0xFD,0x82, 0xFD,0xC8, 0xFE,0x07,0xFE,0x22, //高八度1-7 0xFE,0x57,0xFE,0x85,0xFE,0x9A, 0xFE,0xC1,0xFE,0xE4,0xFF,0x03};ucharyinyue[]={0xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f,0x0,0x0};//将音调转化为对应的LED样式voidsong()//播放音乐子程序{uinttemp;ucharjp;//jp是简谱i=0;while(1){if(count2==0){ break;}if(count2==1) //选曲temp=dyzdj[i];if(count2==2)temp=jmszl[i];if(temp==0xff)break;jp=temp/16;//取数的高4位P1=yinyue[jp];if(jp!=0){timeh=chuzhi[jp*2];timel=chuzhi[jp*2+1];}else{TR0=0;fm=1;//关蜂鸣器}delay(temp%16);//取数的低4位TR0=0; //唱完一个音停10MSfm=1;delay1(10);TR0=1;i++;}TR0=0;fm=1;}voiddelay(uintz) //延时子程序，延时165ms,即十六分音符{ uintx,y;for(x=z;x>0;x--)for(y=19000;y>0;y--);}voiddelay1(uintz) //延时1ms的子程序{ uintx,y;for(x=z;x>0;x--)for(y=112;y>0;y--);}voidbeep() //蜂鸣器叫一声的子程序{ uchari;if(P34==0)a=10;elseif(P35==0)a=200;elsea=120;for(i=0;i<a;i++){ fm=~fm;delay1(1);}fm=1;}voidmain()//主程序{ ucharx;count1=1;//节拍器模式count2=0;//不唱歌EA=1;//开总中断EX0=1;//开外部中断0IT0=1;//外部中断0下降沿触发方式EX1=1;//开外部中断1IT1=1;//外部中断1下降沿触发方式TMOD=0x01;//定时器0工作在方式1TH0=0;TL0=0;ET0=1;while(1){if(count1!=0){switch(count1){case1:for(x=0;x<14;x++){P1=huayang1[x];beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=1)break; }break;case2:for(x=0;x<14;x++){P1=huayang2[x];beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=2)break; }break;}}else{song();delay1(1000);}}}voidint0()interrupt0//外中断0服务子程序{EA=0;//关总中断delay1(1);//去抖if(key1==0){count2=0;//不让蜂鸣器唱歌TR0=0;count1++;if(count1==3)count1=1;}EA=1;//开总中断}voidint1()interrupt2//外中断1服务子程