高中英语外刊-四选一 30篇 学生版

语篇阅读素材库

体裁说明文词数223限时10分钟

ThefollowingaresomeofthecommentsonAlbertoHernandez'slatestblog.

Marianne:15hoursago

Thanks,Alberto.Yourblogisfantasticandsohelpful.IjustwanttosaythatIhaveasuspicionthat

myemployerisplayingBigBrother*.Mybossscansourofficewithvideocameras,keepsalogof

allofficephoneconversations,tracksourlocationwithcellphonesandIDcards,andreadsour

incomingandoutgoinge-mail.Ithinkthissupervisionhasgonetoofarandisoutsidetherangeof

aresponsiblebusiness.

Marcel:12hoursago

Inmycompany,we'reforcedtotakedrugtestswhetherwelikeitornot,withoutwarning,andfor

nogoodreason.Inthissuspiciousatmosphere,it'simpossibletohaveasenseofprideanddignity

inmywork.Ican'tunderstandwhat'sdrivingthisincreaseinemployeemonitoring.

Robert:6hoursago

Idon'tagreewithMarcelandMarianne.There'snothingharmfulaboutthesemonitoringpractices.

Asanemployer,Ihavetherighttoknowhowmyemployeesareusingtheirtime.Ontopofthat,I

usevideocamerasonlytopreventtheft.AndIcheckemployeee-mailtowatchforanyinsulting

languageorracism.Comeon-youknowit'sonlyfortheemployee'sprotection.

*BigBrother:areferencetoGeorgeOrwelTsnovel1984,inwhichanall-powerfulgovernment

controlledthemindsandbehaviorofitscitizens

1.InMarianne'sopinion,herbossis.

A.afantasticandhelpfulperson

B.tryingtorestricttheirbehavior

C.anirresponsibleperson

D.tryingtoknowthembetter

2.HowdoesMarcelmostprobablyfeelinhiscompany?

A.Thrilled.

B.Proud.

C.Disrespected.

D.Unsuccessful.

3.Fromthecommentswecanconcludethatmustbeanemployer.

A.Alberto

B.Marianne

C.Marcel

D.Robert

4.WhatmightbethetopicofAlbertoHernandez'slatestblog?

A.Workplaceprivacy.

B.Managementskills.

C.Employmentstatus.

D.Informationsources.

体裁说明文词数407限时9分钟

AmericansmayhavemadesomechangesinthewaytheycelebrateChristmasovertheyears,but

someimportanttraditions—likefriendsandfamily—remainthesame.AccordingtoaPewResearch

Centersurveyconductedamongarepresentativesampleof2,001adultsnationwide,9outofevery

10AmericanscelebrateChristmas.

However,onlyaroundhalfofthosewhocelebrateChristmasviewitasareligiousholiday,while

one-thirdseeitasaculturalcelebration,ratherthanoneoffaith.Religionisfarlesscentraltoyoung

people'sobservancesofChristmas,thesurveyfound,withonly39percentofthoseaged18-29

viewingitasareligiousholiday,comparedto66percentofthoseaged65andolder.

InanattempttoexplorethechangingnatureofChristmastraditions,thePewsurveyalsoaskedits

adultparticipantshowtheyremembercelebratingtheholidayaschildren,comparedtothewaythey

celebrateitnow.Awhopping86percentsaidtheyplantocelebrateChristmaswithfamilyand

friends,andthesamepercentagesaytheyplantogivegiftstofriendsandfamily.Around9in10

adultssaidtheseactivitieswerepartoftheirholidaytraditionswhentheywerechildren.According

tothesurvey,8outofevery10AmericansplantoputupaChristmastreethisyear,comparedto92

percentwhosaidtheytypicallyputupaChristmastreewhentheywerechildren.

Otherholidaytraditionsrememberedfromchildhooddidn'tfareaswell,however.While81percent

ofthosesurveyedsaidtheirfamiliestypicallysentholidaycardsduringtheirchildhood,only65

percentsaidtheyplannedtodosothisyear.Only16percentsaidtheywouldgocaroling（唱圣诞

颂歌）,comparedto36percentwhosaidtheycaroledduringtheirchildhood.

ThePewsurveyfoundthatreligiousandnon-religiousAmericansarerelativelysimilarintheir

celebrationsofChristmas,andthatbothculturalandreligiousobserverswerejustaslikelytogather

withfamily,exchangegiftsandtakepartinanotherpopularChristmastradition—SantaClaus.

AmongtheadultssurveyedwhohaveachildbelievinginSantaClaus,69percentsaidtheyplanto

pretendthatSantavisitstheirhouseonChristmasEvethisyear.Perhapsmoresurprisingly,18

percentofparentswhosechildrendonotbelieveinSantawillstillpretendtogetavisitfromthe

jollybeardedfellowthisChristmas,andsowill22percentofadultswhoarenotparentsorguardians

ofanychildren.

1.ThemainideaofParagraph3canbebestconcludedas

A.mostAmericanfamilieswillbuyChristmastrees

B.mostAmericanswanttocelebrateChristmaswiththeirfamilies

C.fewAmericanswanttocelebrateChristmaswiththeirfamilies

D.AmericansgenerallycelebrateChristmasthesamewaytheydidbefore

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutChristmas?

A.SantaClausremainsapopularholidayicon.

B.ReligiousobserversexchangegiftsatChristmas.

C.Carolingisbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays.

D.Itisviewedmoreasaculturalholidaythanareligiousone.

3.45Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthorimply?

A.Non-ChristiansarenotencouragedtoobserveChristmas.

B.SomechildlessadultsstillpretendthatSantaexists.

C.ItisimportanttocelebrateChristmaswithfamilyandfriends.

D.ThePewsurveyexploredhowChristmastraditionshavechangedovertime.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ChristmasTraditions,PastandPresent.

B.HowAmericansCelebrateChristmas.

C.HowChristmasTraditionsHaveChanged.

D.WhyAmericansCelebrateChristmas.

体裁说明文词数405限时8分钟

SurprisesintheWildlifePark

DisneylandHalfMarathonWeekendpresentedbyCigna

Date:September6,2015(Sunday)

Start/Finish:DisneylandResort

Theme:Celebratethe10thAnniversaryoftheHappiestRaceonEarth!

It'sthemomentyou'vebeentrainingfbr.Your13.1-milerunonamagicalcourseintheHappiest

RaceonEarthtakesyouthroughDisneyCaliforniaAdventureParkalongthelegendaryMainStreet,

U.S.A.InDisneylandPark,andthenontothestreetsofAnaheim,you'llcompleteyourDisneyland

HalfMarathonracewithanexcitingfinishneartheDisneylandHotel.Italladdsuptomilesof

smiles,unforgettablememories,andaperfectendingtoamagicalDisneylandvisit.

HighlightsoftheTimedHalfMarathonrace:

13.1-milecoursethroughDisneylandResortandtheCityofAnaheim,California

Disneycharactersandentertainmentoncourse

FamilyReunionAreawithliveentertainmentandcharactersatthefinishline

RacewithinwalkingdistancewhenyoustayataDisneylandResortHotel

EventtransportationincludedwhenyoustayatselectAnaheimAreaHotels

Participantsreceive:

Championshort-sleevedtechshirtinWomen'sorMen'sCut*

HalfMarathonFinisherMedal*

Officialdigitaleventguide*

IGiftBag

Personalizedbib(MustregisterbeforeJune2,2015fornametoappearonbib)*

On-courseandpost-racerefreshments

ChronoTrackB-tagtimedracewithliverunnertrackingsignupforfriendsandfamily

Personalizedresultswebsiteandfinishercertificate

Tocompete,youmustbe14yearsofageorolderandabletocompletetheHalfMarathoninthree

andahalfhoursorless.

ToreceivetheDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal,youmustregisterfortheDumboDoubleDare.

Registeringforthe10KandHalfMarathonindividuallywillnotmakeyoueligible(有资格的)to

receivetheDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal.

Dates,times,pricesandinclusionsaresubjecttochange.Allracesaresubjecttocapacitylimitsand

maycloseatanytimebeforethepercentagecanbeupdated.Registrationsarenon-refundableand

non-transferable.Disneyreservestherighttorefusetheentryinto,and/orrevokeanyregistration

for,anyraceforanyreasonatitssolediscretionwithrefundofanyapplicableregistrationfeesbeing

thesoleremedyofanysuchrefusaland/orrevocation.

*Note:ParticipantsmustattendPacketPick-upattheDisneyHealth&FitnessExpotoreceivetheir

racepacket,bib,andtechshirt.Finishermedalswillbedistributedtofinishersduringtherace.None

oftheseitemswillbemailedtoregistrants.

1.YoucanfindallthefollowinginformationEXCEPTinthepassage.

A.thecoursedescriptionoftheHalfMarathon

B.thedistanceoftheHalfMarathon

C.theentryfeeoftheHalfMarathon

D.thetimelimitsofthecompletionoftheHalfMarathon

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhoeverrunstheHalfMarathoncanget

A.theDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal

B.aHalfMarathonFinisherMedal

C.apersonalizedbib

D.aniGiftbag

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.TheHalfMarathonraceisopentoallthecitizens.

B.ParticipantsmustbeabletocovertheHalfMarathonwithin3.5hours.

C.RegisteringfortheHalfMarathonindividuallywillenableyoutoreceivetheDumboDouble

DareFinisherMedal.

D.TheHalfMarathonisboundtostartontime.

4.Wherewasthispassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Ahandbookofthemarathon.

B.TheofficialwebsiteofDisney.

C.Theadvertisementsectioninanewspaper.

D.Asportsmagazine.

体裁说明文词数371限时9分钟

(A)

WilliamCarysaidhe'slearnedtoappreciatesmallvictorieswithhis17-year-oldsonBen,whohas

autismanddoesn'tspeak,soCarychokedupwhiledescribinghowproudhewaswhenBenbuttoned

hispantsfortheveryfirsttimeaftergoingtothebathroom.ButonevictorythatBenachievedlong

agowassurfing.Sincetheageof6,hehasbeenparticipatinginSurfersHealingsurfcampsfor

childrenwithautism.

TheannualeventreturnedrecentlytoTourmalineSurfParkinCalifornia.Morethan150children

tookturnsridingthewaveswith15professionalsurfers,aswellasasmallarmyofvolunteers.Ben

couldhardlywaittogetinthewaterwithsurferGraham.Withinminutesofhittingthesand,Ben

clamberedontoalongboardandGrahamgentlypushedhimoutintothethigh-highsurf.Graham,

whohasan11-year-oldsonwithautism,saidhe'sseenfirsthandhowchildrenimmediately

transformwhenthey'rerollingintheoceanwaves.

SurfersHealingwasstarted20yearsagobysurferIzzyPaskowitzandhiswife,Danielle.Oneday

whileinHawaii,theirsonIsaiahhadameltdown(情绪失控)onthebeachandIzzytriedtodistract

theboybytossinghimintothewaves.Suddenly,theboy'sangerwasreplacedbysmilesandwonder,

andSurfersHealingwasborn.Eachyear,thefoundationhosts25campsaroundtheworldserving

morethan5,000autisticchildren,ranginginagefrom3totheirmid-20s.Abouthalfofthegroup

participatingrecentlywerenewtothesport.

Paskowitzsaidtheoceanhasahealingpoweronpeoplewithautism.Therhythmofthewavescalms

them,andthesounds,sights,texturesandtemperaturescreatesuchasensoryoverloadthatitforces

themindtofocus.Manyofthechildrenarrivingatthebeachinitiallycoveredtheirearsfromthe

crashofthewaves,butgraduallythesesensitivitiesdisappeared.Oneteencamperwhotraveled

withhermomfromArizonawouldn'tgetoutofthecarformorethananhour.Finallyshewas

coaxedtotakeabrief10-minuterideintheknee-highwavesonabodyboard.Asshereturnedto

shore,avolunteerawardedherasmalltrophyforparticipation.

1.WhatismostprobablythereasonwhyCarychokedup?

A.Hewasproudthathissonwasagoodsurfer.

B.Heachievedasmallvictory.

C.Hetookprideinhissonwithautismlearningtotakecareofhimself.

D.Hewastoosurprisedtoseehissonwithautismbuttonhispants.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?

A.Benhassufferedfromautismsincehewas6.

B.165personstookpartinthesurfingactivityinTourmalineSurfPark.

C.Autisticchildrenusuallyrangeinagefrom3totheirmid-20s.

D.Surfingissostimulatingtooursensorsthatitforcesautisticchildrentofocus.

3.HowdidSurfersHealingcomeintobeing?

A.Itwasinitiated20yearsagobyafoundation.

B.AboywentcrazyonthebeachinHawaii2decadesago.

C.SurferIzzyandhiswifefoundthehealingeffectsofsurfingonautisticchildren20yearsago.

D.Izzy'ssonwascuredofautismbysurfing2decadesago.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FromChaostoPeace

B.SurfingWashesAwayAutismSymptoms

C.TheSurfers5Club

D.TransformingPowersofSurfing

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WhatisAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)?

AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)isoneofthemostcommonchildhooddisorders

andcancontinuethroughadolescenceandadulthood.Symptomsincludedifficultystayingfocused

andpayingattention,difficultycontrollingbehavior,andover-activity.

ADHDhas由reesubtypes:

1.Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsive

•Mostsymptoms(sixormore)areinthehyperactivity-impulsivitycategoriesandfewerthansix

symptomsofinattentionarepresent,althoughinattentionmaystillbepresenttosomedegree.

2.Predominantlyinattentive

•Themajorityofsymptoms(sixormore)areintheinattentioncategoryandfewerthansix

symptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivityarepresent,althoughhyperactivity-impulsivitymaystillbe

presenttosomedegree.

3.Combinedhyperactive-impulsiveandinattentive

•Sixormoresymptomsofinattentionandsixormoresymptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivityare

present.

•MostchildrenhavethecombinedtypeofADHD.

Possiblecauses:

1.Genes.ResultsfromseveralinternationalstudiesoftwinsshowthatADHDoftenrunsinfamilies.

Researchersarelookingatseveralgenesthatmaymakepeoplemorelikelytodevelopthedisorder.

Knowingthegenesinvolvedmayonedayhelpresearcherspreventthedisorderbeforesymptoms

develop.Learningaboutspecificgenescouldalsoleadtobettertreatments.

2.Environmentalfactors.Studiessuggestapotentiallinkbetweensmokingandalcoholuseduring

pregnancy(孕期)andADHDinchildren.Inaddition,preschoolerswhoareexposedtohighlevels

oflead(铅)mayhaveahigherriskofdevelopingADHD.

3.Foodadditives.RecentBritishresearchindicatesapossiblelinkbetweenanincreaseinactivity

andconsumptionofcertainfoodadditiveslikeartificialcolorsorpreservatives.Researchisunder

waytoconfirmthefindingsandtolearnmoreabouthowfoodadditivesmayaffecthyperactivity.

Signs&symptoms:

Inattention,hyperactivityandimpulsivityarethekeybehaviorsofADHD.Tobediagnosedwith

thedisorder,achildmusthavesymptomsforsixormoremonthsandtoadegreethatisgreaterthan

otherchildrenofthesameage.

Childrenwhohavesymptomsofinattentionmay:

•Beeasilydistracted,missdetails,forgetthingsandfrequentlyswitchfromoneactivitytoanother.

•Becomeboredwithataskafteronlyafewminutes,unlesstheyaredoingsomethingenjoyable.

•Havedifficultyfocusingattentiononcompletingataskorlearningsomethingnew.

•Notseemtolistenwhenspokento.

Childrenwhohavesymptomsofhyperactivitymay:

•Talknonstop.

•Dasharound,touchingorplayingwithanythingandeverythinginsight.

•Havetroublesittingstillduringdinner,schoolandstorytime.

•Havedifficultydoingquiettasksoractivities.

Childrenwhohavesymptomsofimpulsivitymay:

•Beveryimpatient.

•Actwithoutregardforconsequences.

•Havedifficultywaitingforthingstheywant.

•Ofteninterruptconversationsorothers'activities.

ADHDcanbemistakenforotherproblems

Parentsandteacherscanmissthefactthatchildrenwithsymptomsofinattentionhavethedisorder

becausetheyareoftenquietandlesslikelytoactout.Theymaygetalongwellwithotherchildren,

comparedwiththosewiththeothersubtypes,whotendtohavesocialproblems.Butchildrenwith

theinattentivekindofADHDarenottheonlyoneswhosedisorderscanbemissed.Forexample,

adultsmaythinkthatchildrenwiththehyperactiveandimpulsivesubtypesjusthaveemotionalor

disciplinaryproblems.

1.Ifakidshowssixsymptomsofinattentionandsevensymptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivity,

whichofthesubtypesofADHDdoeshebelongto?

A.Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsive.

B.Predominantlyinattentive.

C.Combinedhyperactive-impulsiveandinattentive.

D.Cannotbediagnosedbydoctors.

2.WhichofthefollowingcausesofADHDhasbeenconfirmedbyscientificresearch?

A.Genes.

B.Smokingduringpregnancy.

C.Foodadditives.

D.Exposuretohighlevelsoflead.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.KidswhohavesymptomsofADHDformorethanfourmonthscanbediagnosedwithADHD.

B.Thehyperactiveandimpulsivesubtypestendtobemistakenforemotionalordisciplinary

problems.

C.Oneofthesymptomsofinattentionisthatkidsbecometiredofataskeasilyeveniftheyare

doingsomethingenjoyable.

D.ItisclaimedthatartificialcolorsandpreservativeshavenothingtodowithADHD.

4.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?

A.Sympathetic.

B.Subjective.

C.Critical.

D.Objective.

体裁说明文词数514限时11分钟

Thefifth-gradersatDenver's（科罗拉多州丹佛市）ThomasA.EdisonElementarySchoolsitina

circlewiththeirprincipalForestFransen.Placinganemptysodabottleonthefloor,Fransenandthe

kidsspin（旋转）ittochoosetheorderofchildrenwhowill44tellaboutthemselves.^^Afterafew

embarrassedgiggles,aboynamedPaulsays,UIliketogofishingalot.Therearesixinmyfamily

andtwoarebabies.Thafsall."AnotherboyDonrevealsthat"I'vegotasisterinjuniorhigh;Ihad

anothersister,butshehadcancer.,,Thechildrenarefidgetlessandfascinated.Finally,thebottle

pointstoFransen,whotellsofhisprideinafatherwhocamefromSwedentohomesteadinasod

house（草皮屋）.

Sogoesthefirstclassin"emotionalskills,“anewcoursethathasspreadtoseveraldozenpublic

andprivateschoolsincitiesfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Increasingnumbersofstatesare

arrangingsomeformofclassroominstructionformentalhealthtohelpchildrenforestall（预先阻

止）theemotionalscarsthatleadtodrugabuse（滥用药物）anddelinquency（青少年犯罪）,etc.

Foronefifth-gradelesson,theteacherbreedsjealousybyrepeatedlychoosingthesamebright,

attractiveyoungstertodoblackboardwork.Whenthechildbalksat（回避）thisfavoritism,the

teacherrevealshertrick,andthentriestoleadthestudentstoadmitthattheyfeeljealous."It's

importantthatnoonefeelsheisstrangeorevilifheisjealousfromtimetotime.Byadmitting

jealousyandtalkingaboutit,childrenarelesslikelytoactouttheiraggressivefeelings.^^

AtfourschoolsinColoradoSprings（科罗拉多州斯普林斯市）,wherethecourseshavebeentaught

forthepasttwoyears,abouthalftheparentssaytheirchildrenhavebecomemorewillingtodiscuss

theirproblems."Before,mydaughterjustthrewasaidonemother."Now,sheisreportedto

havefewerdisciplineproblems."Socialworkerssaytheygetmore"self-referral（自我转诊的）kids

withproblemstheysensetheycan'thandlealone/'Amongthefewcriticisms,oneparentsaidthat

“theseattitudesandinsightsaretrainingIwouldratherhavemychildreceiveathome.^^

Despitethisseemingsuccess,nooneisyetsurehowmuchofthekids9improvementisduetonormal

growingupormerelytheextraattentiontheygetinthecourse.NotingthattheColoradoteachers

havebeentrainedinspecialseminars（研讨会）,criticsalsofearthatuntrainedorinsecureteachers

couldeasilyconfusethekidstheyaretryingtohelp.

Emotional-skillscoursesareobviouslywell-intentionedeffortstoforestallcriticalsocialproblems.

Asthecoursesspread,though,mistakesseeminevitable.Thus,sharpquestionsarelikelytobe

raisedaboutwhetherthoseeffortsarepointedintherightdirection.

1.Whatisthenewcourseaimedat?

A.Healingchildrenwhohaveemotionalscars.

B.Stoppingchildrenfromactingoutaggressivefeelings.

C.Helpingchildrenwhorefusedtointeractwithparents.

D.Improvingchildren'sacademicperformanceinschool.

2.Whatdoesthephrase“threwafit"inParagraph4mean?

A.Feltatease.

B.Remainedsilent.

C.Showedoff.

D.Gotoffended.

3.Wecaninferallthefollowingfromthepassageexceptthat

A.childrendonottendtoexpresstheirjealousy

B.“tellingaboutthemselves,,appealstostudents

C.mostparentssaytheirchildrenbehavebetterafterthecourse

D.emotionalskillsmaybedevelopedasstudentsgrowup

4.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothenewcourse?

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.WoiTied.

D.Indifferent.

体裁说明文词数344限时8分钟

Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltests,whicharewidelyusedinselecting,assigning

orpromotingstudents,employeesandmilitarypersonnel,havebeenthetargetofrecentattacksin

books,magazines,thedailypressandevenincongress.

Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivert（转移）attentionfromthefaultthatlies

withill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristics

thatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedcondition.Whethertheresultswill

bevaluable,meaninglessorevenmisleadingdependsonlypartlyuponthetools;moresouponthe

user.

Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpast

performance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidated(证实)bylaterperformancedependsupon

theamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwith

whichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableis

alwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.

Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext:Theyprovideaquick,objectivemethodof

gettingsomekindofinformationaboutwhatapersonhaslearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,or

thekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesand

shortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.

Therefore,whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orboth,inaparticularsituationdepends

upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidity(正确，性)，anduponfactors

suchascostandavailability.

Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostprecisely

defined(forexample,abilitytodowellinaparticularcourseoftrainingprograms)andleast

effectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined(forexample,

personalityorcreativity).Properlyused,standardizedtestsprovidearapidmeansofgetting

comparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimes,theyidentifystudentswhosegreat

potentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized.

1.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandardizedtestsis

A.critical

B.vague

C.mixed

D.positive

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Standardizedtestsshouldnolongerbeused.

B.Standardizedtestscanaccuratelyrevealtestees5abilities.

C.Thevalueofstandardizedtestsliesintheirproperinterpretation.

D.Specialmethodsmustbeappliedtointerpretingtheresultsofstandardizedtests.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aninformedprediction

A.cansurelybevalidatedbylaterperformance

B.isbasedonabundantandthemostreliableinformation

C.canturnouttobewrongjustlikeotherpredictions

D.doesn'trequireanyinterpretation

4.Accordingtothepassage,standardizedtestsworkmosteffectivelywhen

A.theobjectivestobemeasuredaremostpreciselydefined

B.theuserknowshowtointerprettheresultsinadvance

C.thepersonswhotakethetestsareintelligentorskillful

D.theymeasurethepersonalityorcreativityofthetestees

体裁说明文词数338限时10分钟

（C）

Asidefromperpetuating（使永久）itself,thesolepurposeoftheAmericanAcademyandInstitute

ofArtsandLettersisto"encourage,assistandsustainaninterest“inliterature,musicandart.It

doesthisbyenthusiasticallyhandingoutmoney.Annualcashawardsaregiventodeservingartists

invariouscategoriesofcreativity:archithecture,musicalcomposition,theater,novels,poetry,

paintingandsculpture.Oneawardsubsidizes（资助）apromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.

Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially.Theawardsand

prizestotalabout$750,000ayear,butmostofthemrangefrom$5,000to$12,500,awelcomesum

tomanyyoungpractitioners（从业者）whoseworkmaynotbringinthatmuchmoneyinayear.One

oftheadvantagesoftheawardsisthatmanygotothestrugglingartists,ratherthantothosewho

arealreadysuccessful.

MembersoftheAcademyandInstitutearenoteligibleforanycashprizes.Anotheradvantageis

that,unlikeothersimilarinstitutionsthroughouttheworld,thereisnogovernmentmoneyinvolved.

Awardsaremadebycommittees.Eachofthethreedepartments—Literature,ArtandMusic-hasa

committeedealingwithitsownfield.Committeemembershiprotateseveryyear,sothatnewvoices

andopinionsareconstantlyheard.

ThemostfinanciallyrewardingofalltheAcademy-InstituteawardsaretheMildredandHarold

StraussLivings.HaroldStrauss,adevotededitoratAlfredA.Knopf,aNewYorkpublishinghouse,

andMildredStrauss,hiswife,werewealthyandchildless.TheylefttheAcademy-Instituteaunique

bequest:Forfiveconsecutiveyears,twodistinguished（andfinanciallyneedy）writerswouldreceive

enoughmoneysotheycoulddevotethemselvesentirelyto“literature."In1983,thefirstStrauss

Livingsof$35,000ayearwenttoshort-storywriterRaymondCarverandnovelist-essayistCynthia

Ozick.By1988,thefundhadgrownenoughsothattwowinners,novelistsDianeJohnsonand

RobertStone,eachgot$50,000ayearforfiveyears.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Award-winningworksofliterature.

B.Anorganizationthatsupportsthearts.

C.Anintroductionofsomeawardsinliterature.

D.Publicpatronsofthearts.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.HaroldStraussandhiswifebothearnedagoodlivingaseditors.

B.RaymondCarverearnedhislivingbywritingshortstories.

C.ThemoneydevotedbyHaroldStraussandh