山西省2023-2024学年名校联考高三下学期二模英语试题 (解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省2023-2024学年名校联考高三下学期二模英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourGeographicWebsitesNewJerseyHistoricalMapsThereareallkindsofNewJerseymapsfromthe18thcenturytothepresent—manyshowstateandtownboundariesorgeologicalfeatures,andadditionalfeaturesincludeschools,highways,andrailroads.“TheChangingLandscapeofNewJersey”alsoprovidesaseriesofmapsofeachcounty,withlinkstolocalhistoricalsocietiesaswellasstudentresearchtips.TeachingwithGoogleEarthCreatedbyGlennA.RichardoftheMineralPhysicsInstituteatStonyBrookUniversity,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGoogleEarthineducation.Heoutlinespotentialusesforstudentsandteachers,showshowtogetstarted,providesauserguide,andoffersexamples.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeosciencefromtheScienceEducationResourceCenteratCarletonCollege.LHGWorldFactbookTheLHGWorldFactbookprovideslimitedcommentarybutawealthofstatisticsandinformationongeography,people,government,economy,communication,transportation,military,andtransnationalissuesof266“worldentities(实体)”.Itoffersmapsofmajorworldregions,FlagsoftheWorld,andaStandardTimeZonesoftheWorldmap.TheFactbookisagreatstartingpointforgatheringgeneralinformationaboutindividualcountries.TeachingwithGISintheGeosciencesCreatedbyBrianWelch,DepartmentofEnvironmentalStudiesatSt.OlafCollege,inNorthfield,MN,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)inEducation.TherearealsoTeachingwithGoogleEarthandTeachingwithGPS.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeoscience.1.WhowouldbemoreinterestedinTeachingwithGoogleEarth?A.Writers. B.Teachers. C.Adventurers. D.Geographers.2.Whichwebsitewouldyouvisittolearnaboutacountryfromallsides?A.LHGWorldFactbook. B.TeachingwithGoogleEarth.C.NewJerseyHistoricalMaps. D.TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences.3.WhatcanyoudowithTeachingwithGISintheGeosciences?A.Tourfamousplacesonline. B.Examinestudents’progress.C.Assistgeographyeducation. D.Compareculturesofdifferentcountries.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四个地理网站。〖答案〗1.B2.A3.C【1题详析】细节理解题。由文章TeachingwithGoogleEarth中“CreatedbyGlennA.RichardoftheMineralPhysicsInstituteatStonyBrookUniversity,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGoogleEarthineducation.Heoutlinespotentialusesforstudentsandteachers,showshowtogetstarted,providesauserguide,andoffersexamples.(这个部分由石溪大学矿物物理研究所的GlennA.Richard创建，介绍谷歌地球在教育中的应用。他概述了学生和教师的潜在用途，展示了如何入门，提供了用户指南，并提供了示例)”可知，老师可能对TeachingwithGoogleEarth感兴趣。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。由文章LHGWorldFactbook中“TheLHGWorldFactbookprovideslimitedcommentarybutawealthofstatisticsandinformationongeography,people,government,economy,communication,transportation,military,andtransnationalissuesof266‘worldentities(实体)’.Itoffersmapsofmajorworldregions,FlagsoftheWorld,andaStandardTimeZonesoftheWorldmap.TheFactbookisagreatstartingpointforgatheringgeneralinformationaboutindividualcountries.(LHG世界概况提供了有限的评论，但提供了266个“世界实体”的地理、人民、政府、经济、通信、运输、军事和跨国问题的丰富统计和信息。它提供世界主要地区的地图、世界旗帜和世界标准时区地图。《概况》是收集有关各个国家的一般信息的一个很好的起点)”可知，通过LHGWorldFactbook可以从各方面了解一个国家。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。由文章TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences中“CreatedbyBrianWelch,DepartmentofEnvironmentalStudiesatSt.OlafCollege,inNorthfield,MN,thissectionservesasanintroductiontoGeographicInformationSystems(GIS)inEducation.TherearealsoTeachingwithGoogleEarthandTeachingwithGPS.ThissectionispartofStartingPoint—TeachingEntryLevelGeoscience.(本节由明尼苏达州诺斯菲尔德圣奥拉夫学院环境研究系的BrianWelch创建，介绍教育中的地理信息系统。还有谷歌地球教学和GPS教学。这一部分是起点——入门级地球科学教学的一部分)”可知，TeachingwithGISintheGeosciences可以协助地理教育。故选C项。BLyingonLondon’sfamousMillenniumBridge,BritishartistBenWilsonpaintsonapieceofdriedgum(口香糖).Ithasbeencrushedflatintotheground.“Theimportantthingisthattherearetiremarksonthegumwithdifferentpatterns,”saidthe60-year-oldWilson.“Thebeautyofthemisthatthey’reofdifferentshapesandsizes…”hecontinued,describingpiecesofgum.Wilsonseespossibilityinthingsmostpeopleavoidlookingat.Theflattenedgumoffersachancetoturnapieceofwasteintosomethingbeautiful.Theartworkisalsoawaytosurprisewalkersandgetthemtotakeacloserlookatthepaththeyareon.“Bypaintingapicturewhichissosmall,Icanletthosewhoseeitdiscoverahiddenworldbeneaththeirfeet,”Wilsonsaid.BackinhisnorthLondonartroom,Wilsonpaintsonthesurfaceofasmallmosaictile(瓷砖).ItwillbepartofacollectionthatheiscreatingonthewallsofLondon’sundergroundplatforms.“Theimagesaremorepersonalthanthechewinggumworks,”Wilsonsays,“andrepresentakindofvisualdiary.”WilsonwasborntoartistparentsinLondon.Heremembersworkingwithclayfromtheageofthree.Hehadhisfirstartshowwhenhewasaround10yearsold.Hebeganmakingsculpturesandlargepiecesfordisplayinnaturalsettings.Thenhisinterestturnedtowaste.Hehasbeenpaintingongumandotherpiecesofrubbishfor19years.Thetopsurfaceofthedriedgumisnotsubjecttolocalornationallaws.Asaresult,thedriedgumsurfacecreatesaspace,whereWilsonsayshecanpaintwithoutdamagingpublicproperty.Governmentofficialshaveremovedmuchoftheartist’spublicstreetart.ButthehundredsofgumpaintingsonMillenniumBridgeremainforalltosee.4.WhatisthedriedgumlikeintheeyesofWilson?A.Dirty. B.Strange. C.Practical. D.Attractive.5.WhichstatementcanbestdescribeWilson?A.Hecreatesahiddenworld. B.Hekeepsadiarywithdrawings.C.Heremindspeopletowalkcarefully. D.Hemakestheuglybecomebeautiful.6.WhatdoestheauthormainlytellusaboutWilsoninparagraph5?A.Hisgreatlanguagetalent. B.Hisartisticcareer.C.Hisunusualchildhood. D.Hisparents’artisticachievements.7.WhatdoweknowabouttheWilson’sstreetpaintings?A.Someofthemareprotectedbylaw. B.Allofthemarenotkeptwell.C.Theyarevaluedbyofficials. D.Theypollutedthestreets.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国艺术家BenWilson如何将被人们忽视的口香糖变成美丽的艺术品的故事。〖答案〗4.D5.D6.B7.B【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theimportantthingisthattherearetiremarksonthegumwithdifferentpatterns(重要的是口香糖上有不同形状的轮胎印)”和“Thebeautyofthemisthatthey’reofdifferentshapesandsizes(它们的美丽之处在于它们的形状和大小各不相同)”可知，Wilson认为干掉的口香糖是吸引人的。故选D。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theflattenedgumoffersachancetoturnapieceofwasteintosomethingbeautiful.(被压扁的口香糖为他提供了将废物变为美丽的机会)”和第三段“Bypaintingapicturewhichissosmall,Icanletthosewhoseeitdiscoverahiddenworldbeneaththeirfeet(通过画一幅如此小的画，我可以让那些看到它的人发现他们脚下的隐藏世界)”可推知，Wilson能够将丑陋的东西变得美丽。故选D。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Heremembersworkingwithclayfromtheageofthree.Hehadhisfirstartshowwhenhewasaround10yearsold.Hebeganmakingsculpturesandlargepiecesfordisplayinnaturalsettings.Thenhisinterestturnedtowaste.Hehasbeenpaintingongumandotherpiecesofrubbishfor19years.(他记得从3岁开始就在用泥巴做东西。他大约在10岁的时候就有了他的第一次艺术展览。他开始制作雕塑和大型作品，用于自然环境中的展示。然后他的兴趣转向了废物。他已经在口香糖和其他垃圾上画了19年的画)”可知，这一段主要讲述了Wilson的艺术生涯。故选B。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Governmentofficialshaveremovedmuchoftheartist’spublicstreetart.ButthehundredsofgumpaintingsonMillenniumBridgeremainforalltosee.(政府官员已经移除了这位艺术家的大部分公共街头艺术作品。但千禧桥上的数百幅口香糖绘画仍被保留，让所有人看到)”可知，Wilson的街头画作并不是全部都保存得很好。故选B。CExcitementandexpectationsurroundedthisyear’sNationalHistoryDaycompetition.TheannualeventisrunbyanonprofitorganizationinCollegePark,Maryland.Itencouragesstudentsingrades4through12toexplorekeypeopleandeventsfromthepast.Thethemeofthisyearwas“FrontiersinHistory:People,Places,Ideas”.Theprogramnowhasaglobalreach,withstudentsfromCentralAmerica,SouthKorea,andelsewhereparticipating.“We’regoingtohavearound2,800studentsfromaroundtheworldheretocontend,”saidLynneO’Hara,directoroftheprogram.ThecontestweekinCollegeParkandnearbyWashington,D.C.,extendedbeyondjudgingentries.Itfeaturedevents,exhibits,anddocumentariesattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory,theMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCulture,andothervenues.Dr.CathyGorn,directorofNationalHistoryDay,saidthatsheenjoyedseeingstudentsresearcheventsofthepastandsharetheircreativity.“Teachers,”Gornadded,“haveasignificantimpactonstudents’criticalthinkingandresearchskills.”Youngparticipantsalsoexpressedtheirenthusiasmfortheprogram.StudentsJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafromIllinoishighlightedtheGreatRailroadStrikeof1877.Theyexploredlesser-knownaspectsofthebattleforlaborrights,includingtheinvolvementofChineseimmigrants.LucyDiMarco,astudentfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,stressedtheimportanceofsheddinglightonunderrepresentedstories.“Blackwomen’sstoriesdon’tgethighlightedortalkedaboutenough,”shesaid.“Wewantedtobringonewomantolightandtalkabouther.”Lucyandherclassmate,JulietZylla,examinedthecomplexlegacyofHenriettaLacks,whowasbornin1920.LikecountlessBlackAmericans,Lackswasusedformedicalresearchwithoutherknowledgeorpermission.NationalHistoryDay,whichfirsttookplacein1974,remainsanimportantplatformforstudentstoexplorehistoryandsharetheirdiscoverieswithothers.Theygainadeeperunderstandingofthewayskeyeventsshapesociety,andtheyhelppreservediversehistoricalstories.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contend”meaninparagraph2?A.Gather. B.Respond. C.Compete. D.Train.9.WhatdidthedirectorofNationalHistoryDaystressinherwords?A.Students’passionforresearch. B.Theimportantroleofteachers.C.Thevalueofstudents’creativity. D.Thesignificanceofstudyinghistory.10.WhatdidJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafocusonintheirresearch?A.Unfairtreatmentofblackwomen. B.ThepastlifeofAmericanworkers.C.Lesswell-knownpeopleinhistory. D.Thestruggleofworkersforlaborrights.11.WhatisLucyDiMarco’sstudyabout?A.Anignoredblackwoman. B.Therightsofblackwomen.C.Asuccessfulwomanpioneer. D.ThestoriesofAmericans.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家历史日比赛的参与情况以及参与者的一些观点。〖答案〗8.C9.B10.C11.B【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Theprogramnowhasaglobalreach,withstudentsfromCentralAmerica,SouthKorea,andelsewhereparticipating.(这个项目现在已经遍及全球，有来自中美洲、韩国和其他地方的学生参加)”以及划线词上文“We’regoingtohavearound2,800studentsfromaroundtheworldhereto”可知，此处指有大约2800名来自世界各地的学生来这里竞争比赛。故划线词意思是“竞争”。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Dr.CathyGorn,directorofNationalHistoryDay,saidthatsheenjoyedseeingstudentsresearcheventsofthepastandsharetheircreativity.“Teachers,”Gornadded,“haveasignificantimpactonstudents’criticalthinkingandresearchskills.”(国家历史日主任凯西·戈恩博士说，她很高兴看到学生们研究过去的事件并分享他们的创造力。“教师，”戈恩补充说，“对学生的批判性思维和研究技能有重大影响。”)”可知，国家历史日主任在她的话中强调教师的重要作用。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“StudentsJakeWilsonandBiancaYotafromIllinoishighlightedtheGreatRailroadStrikeof1877.Theyexploredlesser-knownaspectsofthebattleforlaborrights,includingtheinvolvementofChineseimmigrants.(来自伊利诺伊州的学生杰克·威尔逊和比安卡·约塔强调了1877年的铁路大罢工。他们探讨了劳工权利斗争中不太为人所知的方面，包括中国移民的参与)”可知，杰克·威尔逊和比安卡·尤塔的研究重点是历史上不太知名的人。故选C。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“LucyDiMarco,astudentfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,stressedtheimportanceofsheddinglightonunderrepresentedstories.“Blackwomen’sstoriesdon’tgethighlightedortalkedaboutenough,”shesaid.“Wewantedtobringonewomantolightandtalkabouther.”(来自明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市的学生LucyDiMarco强调了让未被充分代表的故事得以曝光的重要性。“黑人女性的故事没有得到足够的重视或讨论，”她说。“我们想让一个女人暴露出来，谈论她。”)”可知，LucyDiMarco的研究关于黑人妇女的权利。故选B。DTraceeHerbaughlivesintheBostonareaofMassachusetts.ShethoughtshewasaloneinherbackyardrecentlywhensheusedtheMerlinBirdIDapp.Shelearnedbylisteningthatshewassurroundedbymorethan12kindsofbirds.“Twobirdsidentifiedbytheapp,veery(画眉鸟)andgreathomedowl,evenhadareddotnexttotheirnames.Thereddotmeansitisanunusualsighting.”Herbaughwrote,“Whoknewthesebirdscouldbeinoneyard?”CornellLabofOrnithologyisthemakerofMerlinBirdID.Theappwasreleasedin2014.Atfirst,theapponlyidentifiedbirdsbytheirphotosthroughPhotoID.Theuseransweredaseriesofquestionsaboutthephototohelpidentifythebird,suchasdate,area,color,andsize.Theappbecamepopularduringthepandemic,whenpeopleincreasinglywantedtobeoutdoors.In2021,CornellLabaddedSoundIDtoidentifybirdsbytheirsound.IntheUnitedStatesalone,Merlin’sSoundIDcanidentifyover700kindsofbirds.Morethan7millionpeoplenowusetheMerlinBirdIDworldwide.AlliSmithworksontheMerlinprojectatCornellLab.Smithsaidbirdwatchingbysound“opensupawholenewworld”“Evenifyoucannotseethebirds,”headded,“youcanheartheirbeautifulsongsandknowthey’resharingyourneighborhood.”Morethanbirds,Herbaughsaidtheappalsohelpedherreconnectwithpeopleacrossthecountry.WhenHerbaughsharedherbirdlistonsocialmedia,twochildhoodfriendswhoalsousedtheappmessagedheraboutit.HerrelativeinMontanasharedalistofbirds.Andevenheryoungchildrennowquicklygofortheappwhentheyhearanunfamiliarbirdcall.Herbaughhasidentified45birdsonherlistsofar.Shesaidnowherchildrenaretheonesdrivinghertogetmoreonthebirdlist.12.Whatdoesareddotnexttoabird’snamemean?A.Thebirdisrarelyseen. B.Thebirdisendangered.C.Thisbirdisanewspecies. D.Thebirdisbeneficialtocrops.13.Howdidtheappperformitsfunctionsinitially?A.Byrecordingbirdsounds. B.Byrecognizingimagesofbirds.C.Byaskingexpertsonline. D.Bytrackingmovementsofbirds.14.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph6?A.Anotherwayofprotectingbirds. B.Thepopularityofrecordingbirdcalls.C.Theenjoymentoflisteningtobirds. D.AnotherbenefitoftheMerlinBirdIDapp.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AppIdentifiesBirdsbySound B.AppGetsKidsInterestedinBirdsC.OldAppGainsNewReputation D.BirdsMayHideinYourYard【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了TraceeHerbaugh在波士顿地区使用MerlinBirdID应用程序识别周围鸟类的经历。文章还介绍了该应用程序的开发者CornellLabofOrnithology、应用程序的发布历史、新增的SoundID功能，以及该应用程序对人们观察鸟类和社交联系的积极影响。〖答案〗12.A13.B14.D15.A【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Twobirdsidentifiedbytheapp,veery(画眉鸟)andgreathomedowl,evenhadareddotnexttotheirnames.

Thereddotmeansitisanunusualsighting.(该应用程序识别出的两只鸟，画眉鸟和大猫头鹰，甚至在它们的名字旁边还有一个红点。红点表示这是一次不寻常的目击事件)”可知，鸟名字旁边的红点表示这是一次不寻常的目击事件，说明这种鸟很少见。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Atfirst,theapponlyidentifiedbirdsbytheirphotosthroughPhotoID.Theuseransweredaseriesofquestionsaboutthephototohelpidentifythebird,suchasdate,area,color,andsize.(起初，该应用程序只能通过ID照片识别鸟类。用户回答了一系列关于照片的问题，以帮助识别这只鸟，比如日期、面积、颜色和大小)”可知，应用程序最初是通过识别鸟类的图像来执行其功能。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段“Morethanbirds,Herbaughsaidtheappalsohelpedherreconnectwithpeopleacrossthecountry.WhenHerbaughsharedherbirdlistonsocialmedia,twochildhoodfriendswhoalsousedtheappmessagedheraboutit.HerrelativeinMontanasharedalistofbirds.Andevenheryoungchildrennowquicklygofortheappwhentheyhearanunfamiliarbirdcall.(Herbaugh说，除了鸟类之外，这款应用还帮助她与全国各地的人们重新建立了联系。当Herbaugh在社交媒体上分享她的鸟类列表时，两个同样使用该应用程序的童年朋友给她发了消息。她在蒙大拿州的亲戚分享了一份鸟类名单。现在，就连她年幼的孩子听到不熟悉的鸟叫声时，也会迅速使用这款应用)”可知，作者在第六段中介绍了MerlinBirdID应用程序的另一个好处：帮助她与全国各地的人们重新建立了联系。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“In2021,CornellLabaddedSoundIDtoidentifybirdsbytheirsound.IntheUnitedStatesalone,Merlin’sSoundIDcanidentifyover700kindsofbirds.Morethan7millionpeoplenowusetheMerlinBirdIDworldwide.(2021年，康奈尔实验室增加了声音识别功能，通过声音来识别鸟类。仅在美国，梅林的声音识别系统就能识别700多种鸟类。现在全世界有超过700万人使用梅林鸟的ID)”和第五段“AlliSmithworksontheMerlinprojectatCornellLab.Smithsaidbirdwatchingbysound“opensupawholenewworld”“Evenifyoucannotseethebirds,”headded,“youcanheartheirbeautifulsongsandknowthey’resharingyourneighborhood.”(AlliSmith在康奈尔实验室从事梅林项目。史密斯说，通过声音观鸟“打开了一个全新的世界”。“即使你看不到鸟，”他补充说，“你也可以听到它们美妙的歌声，知道它们就在你的附近。”)”可知，文章介绍了更新后的MerlinBirdID应用程序通过声音识别鸟类，给人们观察鸟类和社交联系带来积极影响。由此推知，“AppIdentifiesBirdsbySound(应用程序通过声音识别鸟类)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowGardenersCanReduceRiskofFireIfyouareselectingplantsforyourgarden,knowingwhichplantsoffersomefireresistanceandwhicharemoreflammable(易燃的)canserveyouwell.QuickertocatchfirePlantslikebamboothatproduceflammablesubstancessuchasaromaticoils,resins(树脂),wax,orsap,areamongthequickesttocatchfire.____16____Treeswiththinbark(树皮)thatfallsoffareusuallymoreflammablethanthosewithout.Andfine-needledplantslikepine,juniper,andsprucecontainresins.____17____Manykindsofgrassesarehighlyflammable.Theirabilitytocatchfireincreaseswhentheyarelefttostanddryoverwinterorduringperiodswithoutrain.Additionally,toomuchheatdriesoutthesoilandundersuchconditions,manykindsofplantsturnintoafirestarter.Nativevs.non-nativeAsagroup,nativeplantsaren’tnecessarilylessflammablethanintroducedkindsofplants.____18____Thatisbecausetheyspreadquicklyandareusuallyleftalonebywildlife.Thenon-nativeplantsspreadfasterthannativeplants,andoftentolerateheat,heavyrainandlackofwaterbetter.Forthebestfireresistance,choosetreesthatlosetheirleaveseveryyear,likeash,andmaple,ratherthanfine-needledtrees.____19____Thoseplantswithwater-filledleavesincludeiceplantsandsedums.Somegroundcoverplantsarealsoslowburners.WhattolookforinplantsTheWashingtonStateUniversityExtensionServicehaspublishedadviceforchoosingplantsthatarefire-resistant.____20____Theyinclude:•Highwatercontentinleaves.•Littleornoseasonalgainofdeadplantmaterial.•Openbranching(theyprovidelessfuelforfires).•Fewertotalbranchesandleaves.A.Someplantsaremoreflammablethanothers.B.Plantswithwater-filledleavesareslowtoburn.C.Butnon-nativeplantsoftenareagreaterfirerisk.D.Manyplantshavequalitiesthatdonotburneasily.E.Allplantsmightcatchfireundertherightconditions.F.Theirneedle-likeleavesincreasetheriskoffirewhenleftontheground.G.Theywilloftencatchfireeveniftheyhavebeenwell-wateredandcaredfor.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了园丁如何降低火灾风险。〖答案〗16.G17.F18.C19.B20.D【16题详析】根据上文“Plantslikebamboothatproduceflammablesubstancessuchasaromaticoils,resins(树脂),wax,orsap,areamongthequickesttocatchfire.”（像竹子这样的植物会产生芳香油、树脂、蜡或树液等易燃物质，是最容易着火的植物之一）可知，许多植物具有易燃性特点，故G选项“即使他们被精心浇灌和照顾，他们也经常会着火”切题，其中they指代前文说明的物质，说明易燃的可能性非常大，故选G项。【17题详析】根据上文“Treeswiththinbark(树皮)thatfallsoffareusuallymoreflammablethanthosewithout.Andfine-needledplantslikepine,juniper,andsprucecontainresins.”（树皮薄而易脱落的树通常比没有树皮的树更易燃。像松树、杜松和云杉这样的细针叶植物含有树脂）可知，F选项“它们针状的叶子留在地上会增加着火的风险”承接上文继续说明易燃的原因，切题。故选F项。【18题详析】根据上文“Asagroup,nativeplantsaren’tnecessarilylessflammablethanintroducedkindsofplants.”（作为一个群体，本地植物并不一定比引进的植物更易燃。）可知，选项承接上文，说明外来植物更易燃。故C选项“但非本地植物往往有更大的火灾风险”切题。故选C项。【19题详析】根据上文“Forthebestfireresistance,choosetreesthatlosetheirleaveseveryyear,likeash,andmaple,ratherthanfine-needledtrees.”（为了获得最好的防火性能，选择每年落叶的树木，如白蜡树和枫树，而不是细针叶树）表明哪些树木不易燃；下文“Thoseplantswithwater-filledleavesincludeiceplantsandsedums.”（那些叶子充满水分的植物包括冰草和景天属植物）可知，选项承接下文说明的是叶子充满水分的植物的阻燃性。故B选项“叶子充满水分的植物燃烧速度较慢”切题。故选B项。【20题详析】根据上文“TheWashingtonStateUniversityExtensionServicehaspublishedadviceforchoosingplantsthatarefire-resistant.”（华盛顿州立大学推广服务中心发布了关于选择防火植物的建议。）以及下文“Highwatercontentinleaves……”（叶片含水量高……）可知，选项承上启下，说明许多植物有不易燃得特性。故D选项“许多植物具有不易燃烧的特性”切题。故选D项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JimHensonwasbornin1936inMississippi.ButhegrewupinMaryland.Hiscreativetalentswere____21____whenhewasastudentatNorthwesternHighSchoolinHyattsville.Helovedcartooningandcreatingthesceneryforschool____22____.WhilehewasafreshmanattheUniversityofMaryland(UMD),Henson____23____puppets(木偶)foralocalTVstation.Thestation’sproducerswereso____24____thattheyaskedhimtoproducehisownpuppetshow.CalledSamandFriends,the____25____beganin1955.ViewerslovedHenson’splayfulcharacters,includinganearlyversionofKermittheFrog.WhileatUMD,Henson____26____HomeEconomics.Atthetime,itwastheonlymajorthatoffered____27____insewingandtextiles(纺织).Hensontrainedhiscreative____28____attheuniversity,buthealsodidwellinmarketingandbusiness.In1959,Henson____29____JaneNebel,whomhehadmetatUMD.Thecouple_____30_____MuppetsCompany,whichlaterbecametheJimHensonCompany.ItwastherethatBert,Ernie,andotherMuppetswerecreatedforSesameStreet,a_____31_____children’stelevisionprogram.Generationsofchildrenaroundtheworldhavegrownup_____32_____andlearningfromtheMuppets.Henson,whodiedin1990afterabriefillness,creatednotjusttheMuppets,butalsofilms,TVadvertisementsandvarietyshows.Nowa(n)_____33_____isbeingheldwiththeaimofshowing_____34_____everyaspectofhiscareer.Thisincludessomelesser-knownwork.Visitorsalsogeta_____35_____toappreciateHenson’screativitythroughhands-ondisplays.21.A.valuable B.obvious C.helpful D.average22.A.contests B.meetings C.plays D.lectures23.A.made B.changed C.bought D.described24.A.confused B.relieved C.inspired D.impressed25.A.movie B.program C.adventure D.attempt26.A.majoredin B.reliedon C.accountedfor D.referredto27.A.conversations B.awards C.assumptions D.courses28.A.behaviors B.plans C.skills D.opinions29.A.married B.interviewed C.recognized D.employed30.A.dismissed B.established C.promoted D.abandoned31.A.common B.unique C.harmonious D.popular32.A.watching B.checking C.consulting D.designing33.A.competition B.conference C.exhibition D.debate34.A.similarly B.vividly C.temporarily D.flexibly35.A.reason B.right C.suggestion D.chance【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名木偶艺术家JimHenson的生平和成就。〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他还是海茨维尔西北高中的学生时，他的创造才能就显而易见了。A.valuable有价值的；B.obvious明显的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.average平均的。根据下文“whenhewasastudentatNorthwesternHighSchool”和“Helovedcartooningandcreatingthesceneryforschool...”可知，汉森在中学时就参与舞台布景创作，说明他的创造才能很早就显现出。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢画漫画，喜欢为学校戏剧创作舞台布景。A.contests竞赛；B.meetings会议；C.plays戏剧；D.lectures讲座。根据上文“creatingthescenery(创作舞台布景)”可推知，他给学校的戏剧创作舞台布景。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他还是马里兰大学(UMD)的一名新生时，汉森为当地一家电视台制作木偶。A.made制造；B.changed改变；C.bought买；D.described描述。根据下文“puppets(木偶)foralocalTVstation”和“producehisownpuppetshow”可推知，汉森最初的工作是给电台制作木偶。故选A项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电视台的制片人对他印象深刻，请他制作自己的木偶剧。A.confused困惑的；B.relieved放心的；C.inspired受到鼓舞的；D.impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“theyaskedhimtoproducehisownpuppetshow”可推知，汉森的作品让制片人印象深刻，所以才让他制作自己的木偶剧。故选D项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个名为《山姆和朋友》的节目始于1955年。A.movie电影；B.program节目；C.adventure冒险；D.attempt尝试。根据上文“CalledSamandFriends”和“ Viewers”可知，《山姆和朋友》是汉森的木偶剧节目。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在马里兰大学期间，汉森主修家政学。A.majoredin主修；B.reliedon依赖；C.accountedfor说明(原因、数量等)；D.referredto提及。根据下文“HomeEconomics”和“itwastheonlymajor”可知，汉森主修家政学。故选A项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，这是唯一一个提供缝纫和纺织品课程的专业。A.conversations对话；B.awards奖项；C.assumptions假设；D.courses课程。根据下文“sewingandtextiles(纺织)”可知，这是家政学提供的课程。故选D项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：汉森在大学里训练了他的创造技能，但他在市场营销和商业方面也做得很好。A.behaviors行为；B.plans计划；C.skills技能；D.opinions意见。根据上文“trained”可知，汉森在大学里训练了他的技能。故选C项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1959年，汉森娶了他在马里兰大学认识的简·内贝尔。A.married嫁，娶；B.interviewed采访；C.recognized认出；D.employed雇佣。根据下文“Thecouple”可知，汉森娶了简·内贝尔，他们成为夫妇。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇建立了布偶公司，后来成为吉姆·汉森公司。A.dismissed解雇；B.established建立；C.promoted提升；D.abandoned放弃。根据下文“MuppetsCompany”和“becametheJimHensonCompany”可知，他们创立了公司。故选B项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在那里，伯特、厄尼和其他布偶被创作出来，用于一档受欢迎的儿童电视节目《芝麻街》。A.common普通的；B.unique独特的；C.harmonious和谐的；D.popular受欢迎的。根据下文“GenerationsofchildrenaroundtheworldhavegrownupandlearningfromtheMuppets.”可知，节目《芝麻街》深受欢迎。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的一代又一代的孩子都是看着布偶长大的，并向它们学习。A.watching观看；B.checking检查；C.consulting咨询；D.designing设计。根据上文“children’stelevisionprogram”可知，电视节目要观看。故选A项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在正在举办一个展览，目的是生动地展示他职业生涯的各个方面。A.competition竞赛；B.conference会议；C.exhibition展览；D.debate辩论。根据下文“Visitors”和“appreciateHenson’screativitythroughhands-ondisplays”可推知，这是一次展览。故选C项。【34题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在正在举办一个展览，目的是生动地展示他职业生涯的各个方面。A.similarly相似地；B.vividly生动地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.flexibly灵活地。根据下文“everyaspectofhiscareer”和“Thisincludessomelesser-knownwork.”可知，展出内容丰富，能生动地展示汉森的职业生涯。故选B项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：游客也有机会通过动手展示来欣赏汉森的创造力。A.reason原因；B.right权利；C.suggestion建议；D.chance机会。根据下文“toappreciateHenson’screativity”可知，这是游客欣赏汉森的创造力的机会。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LocatedonthenorthsideoftheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,YongchuandistrictofChongqingmightseemtooordinary,____36____(compare)withitsbetter-knownneighbors.Asanexampleofgreendesignanddevelopment,Yongchuanhasbeenthefirstinthecountrytooffera____37____(full)driverlessrobotaxicommercialservicetothepublic.Therearedozensofpickupstationssetupacrossthedistrict,____38____(cover)commercialcenters,schoolsandresidentialareas.Whileself-drivingcarsrunbackandforththroughthedistrict,givingoffafuturesci-fiatmosphere,just40kilometersaway____39____(lie)Songjiancienttown,whichhas____40____historyofmorethan2,000years.OldstoneroadsgothroughwoodenbuildingsandcourtyardsbuiltduringtheMingandQingdynasties____41____theYangtzeRiverflowingbysoutheastofthetown.Theancientbuildings,parkinglots,roadsandotherinfrastructure(基础设施)____42____(perfect)overtheyears.Yongchuan,in____43____modernityandheritage(遗产)existtogether,setsavaluableexampleforthedevelopmentofothersmalltowns.Thecityplannershaveproved____44____ispossibletopreserveculturalheritagewhileachievingte