新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案新人教版必修第三册

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语语法导图语法讲练一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词(词组)后及with复合结构中作宾语补足语。1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等D典例呈现①Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我们回来的时候，发觉一个生疏人站在房子前。②Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.突然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。M名师点津see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后＋动词-ing表示动作正在进行＋省略to的不定式表示动作经过从起先到结束的全过程①Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示动作正在进行)我望见一个男孩正在上公共汽车。②Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示动作完成了)我望见一个男孩上了公共汽车。2．表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：have,let,keep,get,leave等D典例呈现①Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。②Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。3．用于with复合结构中D典例呈现①Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。②Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.这么多人看着她，她感到很惊慌。J即学即练1句型转换①Astimepassesby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→Withtimepassingby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywerecomingacrossthestreet.→Isawthemcomingacrossthestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswerepassingby.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatspassingby.④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→IheardMarysingasonginthenextroomlastnight.二、动词-ing形式作状语现在分词可作状语，表示缘由、时间、方式、伴随状况、结果或条件等，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，二者之间是主动关系。D典例呈现①Hearingthenews,allthestudentsjumpedwithjoy.＝Whenthestudentsheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.听到这个消息，全部的学生都兴奋地跳了起来。②Workinghard,youwillsucceed.＝Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.努力工作，你会胜利的。1．作缘由状语，相当于缘由状语从句D典例呈现①Beingpoor,Tomcouldn'taffordacomputer.＝Ashewaspoor,Tomcouldn'taffordacomputer.因为穷，汤姆买不起电脑。②Notknowingheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon'tknowheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。2．作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing形式前加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等D典例呈现①Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.＝Whentheyheardthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.听到这个消息，他们马上动身去上海。②Hearingthenews,Tomcouldn'thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews,Tomcouldn'thelplaughing.一听到那个消息，汤姆禁不住大笑起来。3．作方式状语，相当于and连接的并列句D典例呈现①Johncamerunningalltheway.＝Johncameandheranalltheway.约翰一路跑着来的。②Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.＝Hestoodandheleanedagainstthewall.他斜靠着墙站着。4．作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列谓语。D典例呈现①Hewalkeddowntheriver,singingsoftlytohimself.＝Hewalkeddowntheriverandsangsoftlytohimself.他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地唱。②Morrislayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。5．作结果状语D典例呈现①Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell,andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那个男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，头撞到了门上。②Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.＝Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries；asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.欧式足球运动在80多个国家开展，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。M名师点津(1)动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的状况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：①Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了。②Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发觉是星期天。(2)动词-ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。6．作条件状语D典例呈现①Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.＝Ifyougostraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.顺着这条路始终走，你就会发觉那家百货商店。②Practicingthepronunciationeveryday,you'llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyoupracticethepronunciationeveryday,you'llsurelysucceed.假如每天练习发音，你就肯定会胜利。7．作让步状语D典例呈现①Beingtired,theywentonworking.＝Althoughtheyweretired,theywentonworking.尽管很累了，可他们仍在接着工作。②Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.尽管被告知了许多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。J即学即练2句型转换①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.②Afterhehadeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.→Havingeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.③Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranches.④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.→Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.单句语法填空⑤Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.⑥Tomcamedashing(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.⑦Havingspent(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.⑧Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.⑨Havingbeentold(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.三、动词-ing形式作状语时留意事项1．动词-ing形式的时态动词-ing形式作状语时，要留意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。(2)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。D典例呈现①Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老挚友。②Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.(havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)他写完信后就把它寄了出去。2．动词-ing形式的语态运用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。D典例呈现①Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很兴奋。②Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。3．动词-ing形式的否定式动词-ing形式的否定式为not＋v.-ing、not＋havingv．-edD典例呈现①Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.他不知道这件事，所以没来。②Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的打算，我们把运动会延期了。4．动词-ing形式作评论性状语有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的看法、观点等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……推断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。D典例呈现Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.从他的行为来推断，他肯定是疯了。5．独立主格动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或状况，也可以表示时间、缘由或条件。D典例呈现①Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.雨过之后，我们接着前进。②Thenewyearcoming,wewerehappy.新年来了，我们很兴奋。⑥Theregulationpermitting,Iwillgowithyou.制度允许的话，我就和你去。J即学即练3单句语法填空①Judging(judge)fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.②Thelecturehavingbeengiven(give),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.③Theweatherbeing(be)hot,wehadtostayathome.④Taking(take)everythingintoconsideration,theresultisbetterthanexpected.专项练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwanting(want)morenexttime.2．IwasbusywithmyhomeworksoIdidn'tnoticehimleaving(leave)．3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4．Gathering(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.5．Hurryup！Youshouldn'tkeepyourfriendswaiting(wait)forsuchalongtime.6．Thecoolwindsw