2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习-阅读理解高频难词

2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习

阅读理解高频难词题型分析01高考阅读理解常考题型阅读理解主要考查学生对语篇的主旨要义、特定细节、深层含义以及篇章结构等的把握。从题型上可大致分为以下几种：1.主旨大意题，包括主旨大意题和文章标题题；2.细节理解题，包括对文章特定信息的认定以及长难句的理解；3.词义猜测题，包括对未学过单词词义的推测和熟词新义的推断，也包括某一代词所指代内容的推测；4.推理判断题，包括对文章的深层理解、作者的态度、人物的情感、事件的启示等。主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解常考的题型之一，通常涉及概括文章或段落大意、揭示主题、选择标题等形式。要想做好此类考题，考生要具备分辨主题与细节的能力，在阅读全文或某个段落之后，能够运用概括、归纳、推理等方法对所读材料进行高度概括和总结，能够抓住文章或段落的主旨大意。主旨大意题着重考查考生归纳总结和概括信息的能力。此类型考题属于能力型题目，是高难度题型，其命题方式包括选择文章最佳标题和概括全文或某一段落中心思想等。【备考策略】主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章主题思想，是考生阅读能力的主要体现。考生在做此类考题时，要快速浏览全文，划分文章结构；简要概括文章的中心思想；找出每个段落的主题句。结合文章的主题段落和结论段落找出关键词后，与四个选项进行比对，选择出能概括全文中心内容的选项。避免以偏概全、偷换概念等误区，在做出最后选择前，可以先排除干扰选项，缩小选择范围，有助于提高准确率。细节理解题细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型，旨在考查考生对事实细节的判断。设题一般针对文章某一个或若干个特定细节，分为直接理解题目和间接信息题：直接理解题，比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述重要事实和细节，就可以直接从文章中找到答案；间接信息题，需要对文章中的相关句子或词语做出解释、转换词义，或是需要对相关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对全文的内容做准确、全面的理解和判断。【备考策略】掌握此类考题的设问特点，对于正确解题有一定帮助。直接信息题，考生可以从题干中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，在文章中快速寻找到与之相关的信息，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在正确理解细节之后，做出准确判断；间接信息题的答案，往往不是文章细节在选项中的简单重现，而是需要考生对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再做进一步推理，进行合理化推断或转换，然后才能得到准确答案。有时文章中出现的词语或句型，在选项中常常用其他不同的方式来表达，这就需要考生能找到与文章中信息匹配的选项。awardvt.授予,判给n.奖品,奖金awarea.意识到columnn.柱,圆柱；栏,专栏comedyn.喜剧dumba.哑的；沉默的dumpvt.倾卸,倾倒deafa.聋的；不愿听的decoratevt.装饰,装璜principala.最重要的n.负责人,校长principlen.原则,原理

priora.优先的,在前的priorityn.优先,重点prohibitvt.禁止,不准remarkablea.值得注意的,异常的,非凡的remedyn./vt.补救,医治,治疗repetitionn.重复,反复vaina.徒劳的,无效的undertakevt.承担,着手做；同意,答应uniquea.唯一的,独特的obstaclen.障碍（物）,妨碍odda.奇特的,古怪的；奇数的omitvt.省略opponentn.敌手,对手opportunityn.机会,时机orchestran.管弦乐队semestern.学期；半年semiconductorn.半导体seminarn.研讨会terminala.末端的,极限的n.终点territoryn.领土approximatea.大概的,大约v.近似arbitrarya.随意的,未断的architectn.建筑师architecturen.建筑学biologyn.生物学geographyn.地理（学）geologyn.地质学geometryn.几何（学）arithmeticn.算术algebran.代数entertainmentn.娱乐；招待,款待enthusiasmn.热情,热心entryn.进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）environmentn.环境episoden.插曲,片段equationn.方程（式）restrainvt.阻止,抑制restraintn.抑制,限制resumev.（中断后）重新开始severea.严重的sexuala.性的simplicityn.简单；朴素simplifyvt.简化sorrown.悲哀,悲痛

stuffn.原料,材料vt.填进,塞满temporarya.暂时的,临时的temptationn.诱惑,引诱

terrorn.恐怖thrustv.挤,推,插treatyn.条约,协定arisevi.产生,出现,发生；起身arousevt.引起,激起；唤醒burdenn.重担,负荷bureaun.局,办事处marvelousa.奇迹般的,惊人的massivea.大的,大量的,大块的maturea.成熟的maximuma.最高的,最大的minimuma.最低的,最小的

nonsensen.胡说,冒失的行动nucleara.核子的,核能的nucleusn.核retailn./v./ad.零售retainvt.保留,保持restrictvt.限制,约束sponsorn.发起者,主办者vt.发起,主办,资助spurn./vt.刺激,激励triumphn.胜利,成功tuitionn.学费twistvt.使缠绕；转动；扭歪undergraduaten.大学肄业生universala.普遍的,通用的；宇宙的

universen.宇宙viaprep.经由,经过,通过vibratev.振动,摇摆virusn.病毒

voluntarya.自愿的volunteern.志愿者v.自愿（做）votev.选举n.选票wagonn.四轮马车,铁路货车appointvt.任命,委派approachv.靠近,接近n.途径,方式appropriatea.适当的bunchn.群,伙；束,串bundlen.捆,包,束vt.收集,归拢ceremonyn.典礼,仪式chaosn.混乱,紊乱discountn.（价格）折扣displayn./vt.陈列,展览equivalenta.相等的a.相等物erecta.竖直的v.建造,竖立faxn./vt.传真fertilea.肥沃的；多产的fertilizern.肥料gratefula.感激的gratituden.感激horrorn.恐怖

horriblea.可怕的Internetn.国际互联网,因特网interpretv.翻译,解释interpretationn.解释,说明junglen.丛林,密林knotn.结vt.把...打成结leakv.漏,渗出leanvi.倾斜,倚,靠leapvi.跳跃

modifyvt.修改nylonn.尼龙junglen.丛林,密林powdern.粉末applicablea.可应用的,适当的applicantn.申请人

breadthn.宽度conservationn.保存,保护conservativea.保守的paralleln.平行线；可相比拟的事物passionn.,热情passivea.被动的,消极的patv./n.轻拍,轻打peakn.山峰,顶点phenomenonn.现象reluctanta.不情愿的,勉强的relyvi.(on,upon)依赖,指望relevanta.有关的,切题的reliablea.可靠的reliefn.轻松,宽慰；减轻reputationn.名气,声誉rescuevt./n.营救trianglen.三角（形）sequencen.连续；顺序shallowa.浅的shivervi/n.发抖

shrugv./n.耸肩signaturen.签名sincerea.诚挚的,真诚的utilityn.功用,效用utilizevt.利用

uttervt.说出a.完全的,彻底的variationn.变化,变动vehiclen.交通工具,车辆applausen.鼓掌,掌声appliancen.器具,器械consentn.准许,同意vi(to)准许,同意conquervt.征服defectn.缺点,缺陷

delicatea.易碎的；娇弱的；精美的evolvev.演变evolutionn.演变,进化frownv./n.皱眉frustratevt.使沮丧

guaranteevt./n.保证guiltya.内疚的；有罪的jealousa.妒忌的jeansn.牛仔裤liquorn.酒,烈性酒liter/litren.升modesta.谦虚道moleculen.分子orbitn.轨道v.（绕...）作轨道运行participatev.(in)参与,参加模拟练习02DaveMerryandhistoolshavebeenthroughalottogether.ThetoolshelpedDave,now80,repairhishomeinSt.Paul,Minnesota,whereheandhiswife,AnnetteMerry,livedfor46yearsandraisedthreechildren.Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.“Ihadawholesetup,anditwasbeautiful,”saysDave,aretiredengineer.ButthenAnnetteexperiencedastroke(中风)thatleftherrelyingonawalkertogetaround,andtheMerrysdecidedtomoveintoassistedliving.Dave’sworkshopwasobviouslyaminorconsiderationgivenAnnette’scondition,butthefamilyknewthatgivingitup,ontopofeverythingelse,wouldhurt.ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.MightDadbeinterestedindonatinghis?“Isaidyes,”Davesays.ThepeoplecreatingtheSt.PaulToolLibrarywerethrilled.Theyhadexpecteditwouldtakeayeartocollectenoughtoolstomaketheirfacilityfullyfunctional.Insteadittookoneday:thedayDavedonatedhis.Thelibrary’sfoundersdroveovertotheMerrys’houseandpickedeverythingupthemselves.ThelibraryishousedinthebasementoftheAmericanCanFactory.Memberspayanannualfee(from$20to$120)forunlimitedtooluseandavaryingnumberofvisitstotheworkshop.Andtheygetanextrabenefit:DaveMerry.“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”AsHohputsit,“Thisishisworkshopnow.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutDaveMerry?A.HehadfewDIYtools.B.Hekepthistoolswell.C.Heownedatoollibrary.D.Heusedawalkingstickafterstroke.5.Howdidthedaughterhelpherparents?A.ShetookoverDad’sworkshop.B.SheofferedDadusefulinformation.C.Shemovedthemintoassistedliving.D.ShesoldDad’stoolstoatoollibrary.6.WhatisavailabletothevisitorstotheSt.PaulToolLibrary?A.Freeuseofthetools.B.AvisittotheMerrys’house.C.Dave’sinstructionsforusingthetools.D.Hoh’sshareoftheprofitfromthelibrary.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtofLiving B.SettingupaLibraryC.AFamily-runLibrary D.RecyclingThroughDonating【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述DaveMerry年迈之时无偿捐助承载其诸多生活经历的DIY工具，使其循环使用让更多人受益的温馨故事。4.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.台锯、木工刨床、钻床，以及其他几十种动力和手工工具，在他精心组织的车间里都占有重要地位。可知，他把工具保存得很好。故选B。5.B细节理解题。从第三段ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.可知，是梅里家的女儿想出了一个可能的解决办法。她听说有些人正在建立一个工具库——一个像普通图书馆出借图书一样出借工具的非盈利机构。从而可知，女儿给爸爸提供了有用的信息。故选B。6.C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”可知，营业的时候，戴夫都在这里帮助DIY者如何正确使用工具。故选C。7.D主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章记述DaveMerry年迈之时无偿捐助承载其诸多生活经历的DIY工具，使其循环使用让更多人受益的温馨故事。故选D。Iwaitedhalfanhour,settheboard,andsatinthestudio,reviewingmyquestionsuntilthetelephonelinesflashed.“Hello?”“ThisisConnieChung.I’msosorryI’mlate.”ConnieChungwasoneoftheonlyfourwomenanchors（主播）tomakeitintotheclubofmajoreveningnetworktelevisionnews.Foralmostanhourwetalkedabouttheindustry.WhenIaskedifsheeverhadaninstructorthroughouthertrials,sheturnedaroundandofferedtoinstructme.WhenIaskedwhyshedecidedtodoit,shesimplyreplied,“Becauseyou’regood.”ThatafternoonIrushedhomeandtoldmymotherwhathadhappened.Withoutlookingup,shejustsaid“Goodforyou.”Hearingthis,Ifeltasenseofloss.Herconsistentresponsealwaysmademefeelunder-appreciated.UntilthenIhadbeensearchingforsomethingthatIwouldneverget—thatsenseofloveandacceptanceinahousefullofnegativity（消极）IknewIneededtogetridofallthenegativityinmylifefirst,soIpackedmybagsandwalkedoutofthehouse,thinkingariskwouldallowmetoopenmyselftotheworldagainandreceiveallthepositiveenergythatIneeded.Thenradiobecamemywayofconnectingwithothers.Myabilitytobookhigh-levelguestsandcelebrities（名人）wasgraduallyrecognizedandeventuallyallthewordsofencouragementfrompastguestsandcolleagueshelpedmetore-buildmyconfidencelevels.“Icandothis,”Ikepttellingmyself,andpushedevenhardertofindmynextaim.Peoplehadfaithinme,soIdevelopedfaithinmyself.Theirpositiveattitudestowardsthemselvesandtowardsmehelpedmedevelopmyownpositiveattitude,leadingtoproductiveinteractionswithcelebritiesandaddingtomylistofinstructors.ImaynothavestartedlifesurroundedbypositivitybutIsurelyfeelthatIamsurroundedbyitnow.It’samazinghowpositivitybuildsonitself.4.Whatwastheauthorprobablydoingatthebeginningofthetext?A.Hewaspreparingforashow. B.Hewaslookingforaninstructor.C.Hewaswaitingtobeinterviewed. D.Hewasbroadcastingnewsinthestudio.5.Howdidtheauthor’s