2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习阅读理解高频词组

2025届高考英语精准冲刺复习

阅读理解高频词组题型分析01词义猜测题高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测类题可以分为：生词含义题，即推测某个生词的具体含义，或是熟词僻义；代词指代题，即推测某个代词或词组在文章中具体指代的意思。【备考策略】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中的一个难点。因果关系是一种常见的提示方式：某种原因会导致某种结果，某一结果必定是由某种或是某些原因所引起的。除此之外，还有同义词解释、前后对比、语境理解等提示方式。此类型考题要求考生综合理解语篇信息，再去推断或猜测某一生词或短语的意思。解题时要巧妙利用上下文与画线词意义上的关联，根据上下文提供的线索和情景，进行综合分析来猜测词义。推理判断题阅读理解中的推理判断题属于层次较高的题目。所谓推断，就是根据材料中提供的信息，综合运用逻辑思维获取未知的信息。此类考题要求考生着重理解文章的隐含意思和深层次含义，要推断出作者没有直接表达出来的观点和态度等。【备考策略】此类考题，虽然没有明确给出信息，但考生在综合理解文章意思的基础上，可以进行推理和判断。题目主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断观点态度、推断文章出处、推断作者写作意图等。考生在做此类型考题时，首先要抓住语篇的主题和细节，明确文章结构，把握上下文的关联，体会语篇深层的含义，切不可断章取义或是主观臆断。每一篇文章都有自己特有的写作目的，考生应该从语篇中细细体会作者的写作意图、观点态度，在作出推理判断前，需要理清全文的主线索，整合与题目的相关信息，综合理解之后再做出推理判断，得出正确的结论。inthecourseof在…过程中，在…期间intheend最后intheeventof万一发生intheformof以...的形式inthelightof鉴于，由于intheprocessof在...的过程中intime及时inturn依次地，反过来invain徒劳inwhole整个地infuse…into注入insiston坚持insteadof代替interestin对…的兴趣irrespectiveof不顾的，不考虑的isolate…from使...与...隔离，使孤立itusedtobe过去的情况是…joinin参加(某种活动)layemphasison强调lay/putblameon责怪，归咎于leadoff开始leadon继续引领leadout开始leadto导致lessthan不如，少于linktogether联系在一起longbefore早在...之前，很久以前lookon旁观loyalto忠诚于makeastep走一步makefor有助于，有利于makeone'sway前进，行进makeout弄懂，辨认出makesure查明，确保maketowards朝…走去makeway开路，让路meanby…的意思，…意味着more…than...与其说…不如说…morethan不仅，不止，多于muchas虽然,尽管noless…than和…一样…，既…又…nomor…than既不会…也不会...not…but…不是…而是…nowthat既然，由于objectto反对ofcourse当然onalargescale大规模的(地)onanationalscale在全国范围内onaccountof由于onaverage平均地onbehalfof代表，为了oncampus在校园onoccasion偶尔onradio用无线电，通过广播ontheaverage平均地onthebasisof根据，在……的基础上onthecontrary相反onthegroundsof以…为理由ontheoccasionof在…场合，值...之际ontheotherhand另一方面ontheradio通过广播，无线电广播中ontheside额外地，作为兼职onthesideof在…一边onthewhole总的来看ontime准时oneanother相互oneorother不管哪一个onlyif只要，只有otherthan除了outofstep不一致，不协调outofthequestion不可能的outofuse不使用owe…to…把…归功于...passout分发，昏倒passoff中止，停止passon传递passby去世payattentionto注意paybycheck用支票支付payincash/paycash付现金payoff偿清，取得好结果persistin坚持pickup捡起，学会，接planfor为...订计划pointto指向properlyspeaking正确(公正)地讲providedthat假若，倘如puttogether加在一起;putupwith忍受quiteother完全不同的ratherthan而不是referto提到，参考reflectdiscrediton使丧失名誉reflecton思考，反省relyon依靠，指望remove…from…把…从…去掉，撤职responsiblefor对...负责resultfrom由…产生resultin导致ripefor为...做好准备rootout发现runarisk冒风险sacrificesomethingto为…牺牲某事securesth.fromattack确保…免受攻击setabout开始，着手setaside留出setback推迟，延缓setdown放下，记下setforth阐明，陈述setoff出发，使爆炸setout陈列，显示，启程sharewith与...分享shootafilm拍摄一个镜头sidewith站在...一边，支持similarto与...相似sincethen从那时起somethinglike大约，有几分像…soonerthan早于speedup加速standfor代表stepup增加，加速stickto坚持，坚持，遵循stimulatedby受...的刺激stirup激起，挑起suchas比方说，例如supportfor对…的支持sureenough果然takeaway拿走，夺走takeastep采取措施takeadvantageof利用takeaway消耗，清除takecareof照顾take...for把...看作...takein接受，吸收，欺骗takeon呈现，从事takeover接管taketo开始喜欢，开始从事，开始沉湎于takeupwith开始和...来往takeup占据，从事thanksto由于，幸亏thebulkof…的主要部分，大多数theformer…thelatter…前者…，后者...to…extent在…范围，到…程度tocautionagainst对…予以警告tocenteraround以…为中心tosomeextent某种程度上tosuchanextentthat到...的程度，以至toturnsth.into把…转换为...togetherwith一起transitionto向…的过渡，向…的转变turnaway走开，转过脸turnover翻过来turnround转过身来turnto求助于turnup调大，出现whatismore而且withregardto关于withthat说罢withtheexceptionof除...外with…speed以…的速度workaway一直在工作workout解决，算出，制定出workup逐步建立，逐步发展worsethan坏于…writein提出书面要求writeoff报废，勾销writeout写出,取消某角色模拟练习02SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物学家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(过渡)fromseatoland.Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.HannahByrneisanoceanographer(海洋学家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer’stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉积物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK’sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻转)themselvesbackinthewater.”Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity’spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It’sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.12.Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.AlfredRomer.B.CharlesDarwin.C.HannahByrne.D.StevenBalbus.13.Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?A.Therewerelargeroceans.B.Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.D.Earthwasundergreaterpressure.14.Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.foundB.settledC.abandonedD.trapped15.Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A.Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.B.Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.D.Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】本文为一篇科学报道。文章用一些新的证据来支持先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。12.细节理解题。根据第三Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物学家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.和四段第一句“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。故选A项。13.细节理解题。根据第七段最后“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.（过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。）可知，B项正确。14、D15.主旨大意题。根据文章全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家AlfredRomer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。C项（一些新的证据来支持先前的理论。）是文章的关注点，故选C。Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyoureusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车)problem”:Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletiedupona-setoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatweroundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,“DrAlbertBarque-Duran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCity,UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarque-Durannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.“it’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.8.Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A.Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.‘B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C.ToshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudyD.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A.Calmly.B.Cruelly.C.Hesitantly.D.Enthusiastically.10.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones

.A.helppeoplebearmorepressureB.helppeoplemakedecisionsquickC.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisi