黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三最后一卷新高考英语试卷及答案解析_第1页
黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三最后一卷新高考英语试卷及答案解析_第2页
黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三最后一卷新高考英语试卷及答案解析_第3页
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黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三最后一卷新高考英语试卷注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.He________inauniversityforfiveyears,butnowherunsacompanyofhisown.A.hastaught B.hadtaughtC.taught D.hasbeenteaching2.—I’mtiredout.Ican’trunanyfurther,Tom.—________!Mike.I’msureyoucandoit.A.Comeon B.NohurryC.Noproblem D.Welldone3.Sometimesproperanswersarenotfartoseek________foodsafetyproblems.A.in B.toC.on D.after4.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which________justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.A.shallnot B.can'tC.needn't D.mustn't5.—DoyouknowanythingaboutBritishhistory?—______________.Ihavenointerestinit.A.Takeiteasy!B.Pleasedon’tbother.C.It’suptoyou.D.No.It’sbeyondme.6.SheisstubborninresistinghisenquiriesabouttheMoonstone_____thedegreethatshemakesitseemasifshedoesnotwantthemystery______.A.on;tosolve B.with;solvingC.for;beingsolved D.to;tobesolved7.“Itmighthavesavedmealotofmoney”,Mr.Chensighed,“________timelyfromthestockmarketthisJuly”.A.didIwithdraw B.shouldIwithdrawC.haveIwithdrawn D.hadIwithdrawn8.Thekitchenisoftenthebusiestroominahousehold,soit’simportanttomakesureitwell.A.smoothes B.functions C.pays D.measures9.—Don'tputthewasteontheground,youngman.—Oh,I'msorry.I______thedustbinthere.A.hadn'tseen

B.haven’tseen

C.didn'tsee

D.wasn'tseeing10.Whenintrouble,remembertostaycalm,andeverythingwillwell.A.turnback B.turnup C.turndown D.turnout11.DuringeachNBAseason,basketballfanscheerontheirfavoriteteamstomake_______through.A.itB.themC.thatD.those12.Weshoulddowhatwecan______people’shardworkpaysoff.A.besure B.beingsureC.makingsure D.tomakesure13.Althoughvaluesmaybe____,it’shelpfultosharethemwithyourpartnerforadditionalsupport.A.terminalB.personalC.crucialD.practical14.—DidMaxgototheconcertwithhisfamilyyesterday?—Thereportscheduledtobehandedintomorrow,he_______it.A.couldn’thaveattended B.needn’thaveattendedC.wouldn’tattend D.shouldn’tattend15._____howtogetalongwithothersisveryimportantinsuccess.A.KnowB.KnownC.HavingknownD.Knowing16.Manymemoriesofoldtimeswerebytheconversationwehadtogetherthatevening.A.calledup B.turnedup C.takenup D.keptup17.HadMarynotbeenhurtinthecaraccident,________thenextweek’smarathon.A.shewouldrun B.shewouldhaverunC.shewillrun D.shemusthaverun18.—Heisgoodatalotofthingsbutitdoesn’tmeanheisperfect.—___________Actuallynooneis.A.What’sgoingon? B.Let’sgetgoing.C.Thankgoodness. D.I’mwithyouonthat.19.Mr.Smartisbelievedtobeacapableperson,whoisequal_____chargeofthecompanyverywell.A.totake B.totaking C.tobetaken D.taking20.Youshouldsetagoalandsee________youcanachieveitinthecomingexam.A.which B.whatC.whether D.when第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21.(6分)China’scancerresearcherZhuChen,togetherwithtwoFrenchresearchersAnneDejeanandHuguesdeThe,receivedSjobergPrize2018inStockholmConcertHall,SwedenonFriday.“WeusedwisdomfrombothChineseandWesternmedicineandofferedacuretooneofthemostdeadlycancers,”ChentoldXinhua,“IfeelthatChinesemedicinehaspotentialtocontributemoretohumanhealth.Therearenobordersinmedicine,becauseitstrugglesforbenefitingallmankind.It’salanguageofpeace,andofdevelopmentandprogress.”ChenrecalledthecooperationwiththetwoFrenchresearchersforover30years.Thisyear’sSjobergwinnershavedevelopedanewandtargetedtreatmentforaspecificformofbloodcancercalledacutepromyelocyticleukaemia(急性早幼粒白血病).Itwasonceoneofthedeadliestformsofcancer,butitisnowpossibletocurenineoutoftenpatientswhoreceivethenewtreatment.Thewinnershavemadethisrevolutionarydevelopmentpossiblebymethodicallymappingthemolecularmechanismsresponsibleforthedisease.TheprizeisawardedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesandisfunded(资助)bytheSjobergFoundation.Thefoundation,withadonationof2.5billionUSdollars,wasfoundedin2016,andservestopromotescientificresearchthatfocusesoncancer,healthandtheenvironment.Theprizeisanannualinternationalprizeincancerresearchawardedtoindividualresearchersorresearchgroups.TheprizeamountstoonemillionUSdollars,ofwhich100,000USdollarsistheprizesumand900,000USdollarsisfundingforfutureresearch.1、ZhuChenwasawardedSjobergPrizeforthe______.A.researchintoalanguageB.promotionofChinesemedicineC.treatmentforaoncefatalcancerD.cooperationwithFrenchresearchers2、WhatcanweknowabouttheSjobergFoundation?A.Itfundsresearchincertainfields.B.Itfavorsindividualresearchers.C.Itdonates2.5millionUSdollars.D.Itawardstheprizeannually.3、Whatcanthetextbeclassifiedas?A.Abiography.B.Anewsreport.C.Asciencefiction.D.Anadvertisement.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NewcureforcancerB.NobordersinmedicineC.GreatcontributionstohumanhealthD.ChinesescientistreceivingSjobergPriz22.(8分)AttheendofthespringsemesterinMay,studentstakingGeorgiaTech’sonlineKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligencecoursereceivedsomesurprisingnews.JillWatson,oneofthenineteachingassistants(TAs)thathadhelpedthemfinishthechallengingcourseforthepastfivemonthswasnota“she”butan“it”—anintelligentrobot!WatsonisthebrainchildofAshokGoel,whoteachesthepopularonlinecourse.TheProfessorofComputerandCognitiveScienceintheSchoolofInteractiveComputingcameupwiththeideaasawaytodealwiththenumberofquestionsposedbystudentsintheonlineforums(论坛).AccordingtoGoel,everytimethecourseisoffered,the300orsostudentsthatenrollpostover10,000questions.Thequestionsareoftenrepetitive.ThisledGoeltowonderifasmartrobotwouldhandlethequestionswhichrequirestandardresponses—thingslikedateswhenassignmentsaredue.HavingworkedwithIBM’sWatsontechnologyplatforminthepast,theprofessorknewitwouldbeidealforhisartificialTA:JillWatson.Theartificialintelligencesystemthatusesnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinelearningtoanalyzelargeamountsofdatahasevenbeenclevererthanhumancompetitorsonthetelevisionshow.Itwouldthereforeeasilybeabletohandleroutinequestionsthatrequiredlittle“thinking”.TheprofessorandhisteamofgraduatestudentsbeganbypopulatingJill’smemorywith40,000questionsandanswersfrompastterms.Thencamethetestingstage.Atfirst,Jillwasnotverygoodandoftengavestrangeanswers.Itoftengotstuckoncertainkeywords.Bytheendofthesemester,JillhadattainedenoughknowledgeandskillstoparticipateinforumswithoutanymanagementfromGoel,ortheotherassistants.1、Whatsurprisedthestudentswhotaketheonlinecourse?A.Thecoursewasinterestingbutchallenging.B.Ateachingassistantwasn’tarealperson.C.JillWatsonisahard-workingTA.D.Theyallfailedtopasstheircourse.2、What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ARobotofGeorgiagivesanonlinecourseB.AshokGoelCameupwiththeIdeaofJillWatsonC.JillWatson—OneoftheNineTeachingAssistantsD.GeorgiaTech’sTeachingAssistantTurnOuttoBeaRobot3、WhydidGoeldecidetoinventasmartrobot?A.Anumberofstudentstookhisonlinecourse.B.Asmartrobotisclevererthanahumanbeing.C.Toomanysimilarquestionsaretobedealtwith.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Studentsshoulddealwithroutinequestions.B.Jillismainlyinchargeofpostingsurprisingnews.C.TheTAsgivestudentshomeworkatacertaintime.D.GoelissatisfiedwithJill’spresentperformance.23.(8分)Thesehotelsdon’thaveallthenecessaryfacilitiesbuteachofthemofferssomethingdifferent.Don’tmissthemifyoutraveltoCanada.SleeponatrainattheTrainStationInn.ThishotelisinanoldtrainstationinNovaScotia.Theowners,JamesandShelleyLeFresne,usethestationandthetrainasrooms.Therearesevenoldcarsandthereisalsoarestaurantinthediningcar,PricesarefromS89to$169perroomortraincar.SleepinajailintheCanadiancapital,Ottawa.Here,youcansleepintheolddowntownOttawaJailHostel.Therearegrouporprivatebedrooms.Therearestillbarsonthedoors!Pricesarefrom$25to$65.Don’tworry,therearen’tanycriminalsthere!Sleepinatepee(atentoftheAmericanIndians)ataUNESCOWorldHeritagesiteinAlberta.Atthishotel,thereareguidedtoursandlessonsinlocalculture.Thebestpart:sleepinginarealtepeeoutside.Thepriceisaround$300,or$620forafullpackage.SleepinalighthouseattheQuirponLighthouseInn.ThishotelisonNewfoundland’sQuirponIsland.Therearegreatviewsoftheoceanfromthewindows.Thereare11privateroomsintotal.Pricesarefrom$225forasingleto$31forasuite.Mealsareincludedintherestaurant.Thehotelhasthetraditionallookandfeelofthelighthouse,sothereisnoInternet,TVortelephonesintherooms.Therearetoursavailable,andboattourstotheislandareincluded.1、WhatcanyoudoifyouchoosetheTrainStationInn?A.Shopintheoldtraincars.B.Learnhowtodrivethetrain.C.Havemealsinthediningcar.D.EnjoyarailtourofNovaScotia.2、InwhatwayisstayinginatepeeinAlbertaspecial?A.Itserveslocalfoodtodiners.B.Youcansleepintheopenair.C.YoucantourAlbertaforfree.D.Itofferslessonsonmakingtepees.3、WhichisunavailableattheQuirponLighthouseInn?A.Privaterooms.B.Guidedtours.C.Dailymeals.D.TheInternet.4、You’llpaytheleastifyouchoosetosleep_A.intheOttawaJailHostelB.attheTrainStationInnC.inatepeeinAlbertaD.attheQuirponLighthouseInn24.(8分)Mywife,daughter,andImovedintoourhomenineyearsagoandwespentalotoftimeandenergyintheyardtogetitlookinglikethewayitdoestoday.Weliveonacorner,higherthanstreetlevel,andtheentiresideoftheyardissurroundedbyaprofessionallybuiltrockwall.Thefrontofthehousethoughisanotherstorybecauseinsteadofawallalongthesidewalk,therocksappeartobejustthrownupontothedirtasifsomeonewereinahurrytofinish.Wedidthebestwecouldwithwhatwehadtoworkwithandcalledthisareaour“rockgarden”.Wheneverwehadleftoverflowersorplants,DeniseorIwouldstickthemoutfront,justtobringsomecolortothearea.Wewoulddoalloftheyardworkonourown,eventhetiringweed-pulling.LastsummerIhadreachedtheendoftherockgardenandfoundatinylittleplantthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify,IknewIdidn’tplantitandDeniseclaimedthatshedidn’teither.Wedecidedtoletitcontinuegrowinguntilwecouldfigureoutwhatitwas.WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothemysteryplant,itappearedtobeaSunflowerwithatallskinnystalk(茎,杆)andonlyoneheadonit.Idecidedtobabyitalongandweedaroundit.AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds,Inoticedsomethingunusual.TheSunflowerhadnotstartedwhereIsawthestalkbegin.Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthesun.That’swhenIrealizedthatifatinylittleSunflowerdidn’tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping,wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething.OnceourenvironmentbeginstoseethatwebelieveinourselveslikethatlittleSunflower,wecanattainthesamenourishment(营养)andgrowthaswell.StandtallliketheSunflowerandbeproudofwhoandwhatyouareandtheenvironmentwillbegintosupportyou.Youwillfindawaytogounderoraroundyourbigobstacleinordertoreachyourdesires.1、Wecanknowfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A.theauthorfinishedbuildinghishomehurriedlyB.theauthor’sfamilyhavelivedinthishomefornineyearsC.theauthor’shomeismadeofrockwallsD.thereisawallalongthesidewalk2、Theauthorfounditunusualthat______.A.themysteryplantturnedouttobeaSunflowerB.theSunflowerhadatallstalkandonlyoneheadC.theSunflowergrewunderandaroundabigrockD.theSunflowerhadstartedwherethestalkwasseen3、WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheSunflower?A.BraveandstubbornB.ConfidentandpersistentC.OptimisticandmodestD.Mysteriousanddevoted4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.HumanbeingsareabletoremoveobstaclesB.TheuniversaltruthmadethesunflowersurviveC.AbigrockblockedoutthesunlightofthesunflowerD.Wecanachievesuccessaslongasweareself-confident25.(10分)Likealotofhealth-careprofessionals,Dr.BrianGoldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallives.“There’sthisviewthatyoushouldsuckitupanddoonemorething,”saystheERphysicianandhostofCBC’sWhiteCoat,BlackArt.Butthat“onemorething”oftencomesatGoldman’sexpense.“You’reexhaustedandapatientortheirfamilylookatyouwithbeggingeyes,”hesays.“Soyouhavethisdilemma:saythatyourshiftisoverorgiveuntilyou’retotallyspent?”Goldman’sworkstresscombinedwithfamilytensionafterhismotherwasdiagnosedwithdementia20yearsago.Caringforheroveradecadewasdifficult,aswasdealingwithhisfather’sgrief.“Whensomeoneelseisdrowningyou,youhavetograbalifepreserverandsaveyourself,”saysGoldman.Settingboundariesisn’tjustimportantforbusyprofessionals;everyonecanbenefitfrommanagingsituationsthatcauseunduestressorpain.Herearesometips.First,“Ifsomeone’sbehaviormakesyouunhappy---anditcouldbeanythingfromthewaytheyspeaktoyoutorepeatedlyfailingtosticktotheirpromise---thenthere’sroomtosetlimits,”saysPatrickKeelan,aCalgarypsychologist.Weoftenavoidsettinglimitsbecauseweprioritizethehappinessandcomfortofothersoverours.Inordertocontrolthisimpulse,Goldmansuggestsframingthedevelopmentofboundariesasaformofself-kindness.Whenfacinganoverwhelmingsituationliketheonehewasinwithhisfather,Goldmansuggestsreflectingonwhatismakingyoufeeluncomfortable,unhappyorunappreciated.“Youcan’trelatetoothersorbekindtoothersifyouaren’tkindtoyourself,”hesays.Second,onceyou’vebecomeawareofyourneeds,settingandmaintainingboundariesrequiresclearverbalcommunication.Therearethreeobstaclestoenforcingboundariesinarelationship:fear,guiltandself-doubt,sayspsychologistNicoleMaCance.Weoftenfearthatifwesetlimits,theotherpersonwillrejectus,orwefeelbadclaimingourneeds.Keelanproposessettinggroundrulesbeforerelationshipsbecometense.Startbycooperativelylistingvalues---likemutualrespect,support,andloyalty---andthenbuildingtheguidelinesfromthesevalues.Ifyou’restrugglingtoreachaconsensus,Keelanrecommendsengagingathirdparty,suchasatherapist,tohelp.Now,ifyouwantaboundarytostickto,youcan’tenablesomeoneinbreakingit.Assuch,it’scrucialtoestablishconsequencesfortransgressions(越轨).Otherwise,McMancesays,“you’regivingthempermissiontoviolatethatboundary.”Iftheywon’trespectyourboundaries,youhavetodosomesoul-searchingaboutthevalueoftherelationship.“Whenyoufeelbadmorethanyoufeelgoodinthisperson’spresence,andwhentherelationshipisimpactingyourself-worthandhappiness,it’stimetoreassess,”saysMcCance.Sayingnoishard,butshesuggestsframingitassayingyestohealthierrelationships.“We’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.”1、WhatdoweknowaboutGoldman?A.Heisinneedofsupportinhiswork.B.Heiscaughtbetweenhisworkandlife.C.Heslidesintothestateofdesperation.D.Healwaysputshisfamilyatthefirstplace.2、Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisimpulse”referto?A.prioritizingothers’happiness B.avoidingsettinglimitsC.failingtosticktotheirpromise D.framingthedevelopmentofboundaries3、What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Docommunicate. B.Donotcross.C.Identifyyourlimits. D.Saynoandmeanit.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节)第一节(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26.(30分)Aman,awomanandachildaretellingatreetheirtroubles.“HowcanIdowhatotherssay,”askedthechild,“and1beme?”saidthetree.“I2inthewind,movedownwardsintherain,yetIalways3myself,atree.”Themansaid,“Ican’t4mylife.”“Lookatme,”saidthetree.“Ichangeevery5fromgreentobrowntogreenagain,fromshootstoflowersto6leaves.YetIalwaysremainmyself,atree.”“Ican’tloveanymore,”saidthewoman.“Withmylove,Ihave7allthatIhave.”“Lookatme,”saidthetree.“Therearebirdsinmy8,moss(苔藓)andladybugs9onmybark(树皮).TheymaytakewhatI10,butnotwhatIam.”Whetherweknowitornot,wearelikethetree.Onlyourpridehangsontoa11senseofself,wantingtokeepeverything,refusingto12adviceorspiritualdirection.Whatwedodoesn’tmatter;howwedoitiswhat13.Changeandgrowthisas14asthesuncomingupeverymorningandsinkingeverynight.15whatisinsideyouandlistentowhatyour16tellsyou.Whynotjustfortoday,17oncemoretoaplacethatexistsoutsideyourselfwithoutyourownorothers’18?Wecaneasily19achildwhoisafraidofthedark;buttherealtragedy(悲剧)oflifeisthatmenareafraidofthe20.1、A.alreadyB.thusC.stillD.instead2、A.trembleB.bendC.waveD.fight3、A.remainB.polishC.changeD.determine4、A.promoteB.advanceC.improveD.transform5、A.timeB.seasonC.dayD.term6、A.rottenB.goldenC.brokenD.fallen7、A.givenawayB.givenoutC.takenawayD.gotthrough8、A.rootsB.branchesC.spiritD.world9、A.relyingB.focusingC.livingD.placing10、A.bearB.produceC.haveD.desert11、A.transparentB.specialC.falseD.authentic12、A.understandB.evaluateC.provideD.follow13、A.caresB.countsC.helpsD.distinguishes14、A.naturalB.funC.splendidD.fantastic15、A.GowithB.GooverC.LookafterD.Lookup16、A.dreamB.futureC.pastD.heart17、A.setoutB.putoutC.holdupD.putoff18、A.criticismB.testC.judgementD.applause19、A.forgetB.encourageC.rescueD.forgive20、A.darkB.truthC.growthD.light第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27.(15分)Whereapersonlivesmay1.thekindofhobbyhetakes2..Astudentwholivesnearafamousbattlefieldmaybecome3.byhistory.Hemayjoinagroupthat4.theCivilWarorRevolutionaryWarasa5..InBritainandtheUSA,themanagingdirectorsor6.ofbigcompaniesareoftenaccused7.being'fatcats',i.e.bosses8.salariesareoftentwenty-fivetimesmorethanthecompany'slowest-paidworkers.Whentimesarehardandworkersare9.off,theyreceiveverylittle.10.directors,ontheotherhand,getbiggoldenhandshakes.第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)28.(10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenIfirstreachedjuniorhighschoolwithoutmyparents,Iwasveryhappy、ThenIsawthemgettingfurtherawayfromschoolgate、Istartedcryingbecauseofthethoughtofnotoftenseeingmyparentsdrovemecrazily,IwasthentakentomydorminthatIfoundotherchildrenveryhappy、IwassickbecauseIhatedeatingtheschoolfood、Ifailedtoconcentratinginclass、AllIcouldthinkofwasbeingathomewithmyfamily、Astimegoneby,Igraduallyadaptedmetotheschoollife、Thanktomyparents,Ifinallylearnedtobeindependenceandcontrolmyemotions、4第二节书面表达(满分25分)29.(25分)假定你是李华,你校将举行主题为“AmazingChina”的英语演讲比赛。请你给外教Alex写一封信,邀请他参加。内容包括:1.比赛的时间和地点;2.请他做评委;3.点评学生表现等。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:contestant竞赛者_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1、C2、A3、B4、B5、D6、D7、D8、B9、C10、D11、A12、D13、B14、A15、D16、A17、B18、D19、B20、C第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21、1、C2、A3、B4、D22、A“smartdrug”takenbystudentstoimprovetheirperformancereallydoeswork,scientistshavefound.Thedrugmodafinil(莫达非尼)iscurrentlyusedtotreatsleepdisorder,butitiswidelyusedoff-labelbystudentstohelpthemreviseforexamsorfocusonlongessays.Untilnow,therehasbeenalackofclearevidenceoverwhetheritcanactuallyboostconcentrationandalertness.Butanewanalysisoftheresearchrevealeditdoesimproveplanninganddecisionmaking,flexibility,learningandmemory,andevencreativity.Thefindingsraiseseriousethical(处方的,道德的)questionsaboutwhethermodafinilshouldbe“classified,toleratedorcondemned”,scientistssaid.ProfessorGuyGoodwin,PresidentoftheEuropeanCollegesaid:“It’sthefirstrealexampleofa‘smartdrug’,whichcangenuinelyhelp,forexample,withexampreparation.”Previousethicaldiscussionsaroundsmartdrugsassumedmajoreffectsofthedrugsbeforeitwasclearthattherewereany,headded.Hecontinued“Ifcorrect,thepresentupdatemeanstheethicaldebateisreal:howshouldweclassify,tolerateorcondemnadrugthatimproveshumanperformance?”[Afifthofuniversitystudentsacrossthecountryclaimtohavetakensmartdrugs,

accordingtosurveysbystudentnewspaperTheTab.AndtheuseofmodafinilismostwidespreadatOxfordUniversity,whereaquarterofstudentshavereportedtohaveusedit.Overtheyears,universitieshavediscussedhowbesttorespondto

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