2022-2023学年上海市虹口区复兴某中学高三（上）期中英语试卷（附答案详解）

2022-2023学年上海市虹口区复兴高级中学高三（上）期中英语

试卷

1.Hello,I'mEverythingOholic.

Haveyoualwaysblamedyourchocolatehabitandinabilitytostopsmokingonyour'addictive'

personality?Accordingtoscience,there'snosuchthing***

It'sawidely⑴(hold)beliefthatsomepeoplearejusthardwiredtobeaddicted.Butisthere

actuallyanyevidence(2)this?AccordingtoaddictionexpertProfRobertWest,thereisn't.However,

therearepersonalitycharacteristics,likeanxiety,depressionandimpulsecontrolproblems,that(3)

makeapersonmorevulnerable(易受伤害的)toaddiction.Hesaysthisisanimportantdistinction,

becausetheterm'addictivepersonality*impliesthatifapersonstopsoneadditivebehaviour,theyll

juststartanother,andthat'snotwhathappens.Ifapersonhasunderlyingriskfactorsforaddiction,

⑷it'srelatedtotheirmentalhealth,theirpersonality,orotherfactorssuchasafamilyhistory,then

stoppingonebehaviourwillnotthenmakethemimmune(免疫的)totheriskofother

addictions.Buttheywon'tbemoreatriskofanotheraddictionjust⑸theyovercameone.

Westpointstoresearch(6)investigatedtheimpactofstoppingsmokingonaperson'sdrinking

behaviour.Studieshavefoundthatwhenpeoplestopsmoking,theyalsoshowashort-termreduction

inalcoholconsumption,whichgraduallyreturnstothelevelitwasatbefore⑺(quit)

smoking.Butalcoholconsumptiondoesn'tincreaseaftertheystopsmoking,andthesameistrueof

smokingheavinesswhenpeoplegiveupalcohol.uIfanything,stopping(8)canbehelpfulinstopping

orreducingtheother,nsaysWest.Ofcourse,thereareexceptionsandstoriesofindividualswhohave

givenuponesubstanceorbehaviour,only⑼(have)anothertakeovertheirlives.Accordingto

West,whilethevulnerabilitiesarestillthere,there'snoevidencethatanaddictivepersonality(10)

(exist).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

2.A.literallyB.barrierC.eventuallyD.findE.examinesF.features

G.innovationsH.meanI.professionalJ.strikingK.well-positioned

TheBestCompanytoWorkForEveryyear,Fortunemagazinepublishedalistofthe'100Best

CompaniestoWorkFor*.Howdoesthemagazinechoosethecompanies?Firstly,itusesasurvey：

350employeesanswer57questionsabouttheircompany.Secondly，Fortunelooksatimportant(1)

ofcompanies：forexample,pay,benefits,andcommunicationbetweenworkersand

management.Finally,themagazine(2)theresultstofinditsTop100.

WegmansFoodMarkets,whichranksNo.1onthelist,hasamotto(座右铭)，'Employeesfirst,

customerssecond*,anditisalsooneofthe50largestprivatecompaniesintheUS,withannualsales

of$3.6billion,accordingtoForbesmagazine.Apparently,beinggoodtoyouremployeesisno(3)

tomakingmoney.

HowmuchofWegmans'successisduetothecompany'spolicies?'Uptoapoint,thesuccessis

becauseofthefreedomtheygiveus,'saysoneemployee.'Ontheotherhand,nocompanygetsrich

justbynotbeing(4)toitsemployees.Wegmanshasgreatmarketingstrategiesandit*s(5)

withinthecommunity.Fvebeenherefor15years.Lookingback,I'dsaythatthecompany's

(6)forcustomers,suchastheShoppers'Clubelectronicdiscountprogrammeinthe1990s,

havebeenjustasimportantasthebenefitstostaff.1

Buttheemployeebenefitsare(7).Fundamentally,Wegmansbelievesin(8)

development.Aswellasscholarships,thecompanygivesitsemployeesbusinessopportunities.For

years,oneemployeemadedeliciouscookiesforhercolleagues.(9),shestartedsellingthe

cookiesinWegmans.'Ijustaskedthemanager,*shesays.'Whilelookingback,Ithinkshouldhave

askedearlier.Icouldhavemademoremoney!'

Thestaffsfreedomtomakedecisionsisanotherthingyouwon't(10)

everywhere.Essentially,Wegmanswantsitsworkerstodoalmostanythingtopleasethe

customers.Believeitornot,anemployeeoncecookedaThanksgivingturkeyinthestorefora

customerbecausethewoman'sturkey,boughtinWegmans,wastoobigfbrheroven.

"Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrossthestreet!Lookleft,rightandleftagain!"Theseclassicchildhood(3)

lessonsarepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Yettrafficaccidentsremainoneofthemostcommon

(4)ofinjuriesanddeathsforchildrenaroundtheworld.

Paststudieshavefoundthatyoungstersarelessgoodat(5)roadhazardsthanadults,butAnatMeir,a

lecturerinindustrialengineeringandmanagementatBen-GurionUniversityoftheNegeveandtheHolon

InstituteofTechnologyinIsrael,wantedtopinpointexactlywhichbehaviorsleadtoaccidents,withthe

goaloffindingwaysto(6)them.

Todothatwithoutputtinganyoneindanger,sheturnedtovirtualreality.In2013Meirandhercolleagues

simulated(模拟)18streetsinIsraelandusedaneye-trackingdevicetostudyhow46adultsandchildren

(ranginginagefromsevento13)evaluatedwhenitwassafetocross.Childrenagedseventonine,they

found,exhibitedtheleast(7)whencrossing,typicallydecidingtostepintothevirtualroadwithlittleor

nohesitation,evenwhentheirfieldofvisionwasrestricted.HWehadparentslookingonwhowerelike,

'Wow,Icannotbelievemychildjustcrossedthere!"*Meirsays."Itcausedthemto(8)theirchild*s

road-crossingabilities.1'Theolderchildrendidnotperformmuch(9),thoughfordifferentreasons.They

oftenstayedonthecurb(路缘)foranimproperamountoftime-a(n)(10)thattheyarelessableto

distinguishbetweensafeandhazardoussituationsthanadults一andininterviewsdidnotexpressan

understandingofhow(11)suchascarspeedandfieldofvisionaffectcrossingsafety.

(12)doseemtoimprovecrossingsuccess.InMeir'smostrecentstudy,describedinAccidentAnalysis&

Prevention,twodozenseven-tonine-year-oldsunderwent40minutesofhazard-detection

training.Afterward,Meirandhercolleagues"3)trainees*andcontrolkids*performancesinthevirtual

road-crossingtask.Thechildrenwho(14)safetyinstructionsweresignificantlybetteratcrossingthanthe

controlsubjects—tothepointthattheircrossingskillsweresimilartothoseofadults.

Next,Meirandpolicymakersaimtofigureouthowtotranslatethesefindingsintothe(15)world."These

resultsareimportantbecauseyoucannotfindsolutionswithouta(n)(16)oftheproblem,"saysJoseph

Kearney,aprofessorofcomputerscienceattheUniversityofIowa."Nowit'suptopeoplewiththeirfeet

onthegroundtodeterminehowtheycandevelop(17)programsforchildrenandforparentsaboutgood

road-crossinghabits."

3.A.safetyB.scienceC.visionD.education

4.A.sourcesB.categoriesC.levelsD.results

5.A.encounteringB.identifyingC.presentingD.recalling

6.A.performB.ignoreC.correctD.define

7.A.cautionB.interestC.emotionD.relief

8.A.recordB.recoverC.reinventD.reassess

9.A.worseB.belterC.morequicklyD.moreslowly

10.A.decisionB.indicationC.predictionD.instruction

11.A.examplesB.ideasC.factorsD.insights

12.A.MotivationsB.ObservationsC.ProhibitionsD.Interventions

13.A.combinedB.restrictedC.comparedD.separated

14.A.designedB.revealedC.emphasizedD.received

15.A.outsideB.oldC.realD.modern

16.A.featureB.tacklingC.intensityD.understanding

17.A.testingB.learningC.trainingD.planning

D

VisitorstoHENN-NA,arestaurantoutsideNagasaki,Japan,aregreetedbyanoddsight：theirfoodbeing

preparedbyarowofhumanoidrobotsthatlookliketheTerminator.H.LS.,thecompanythatrunsthe

restaurant,aswellasanearbyhotelwhererobotscheckguestsintotheirroomsandhelpwiththeirluggage,

turnedtoautomationpartlyoutofnecessity.Japanfspopulationisshrinking,anditseconomyisbooming；

theunemploymentrateisonly2.8percent."UsingrobotsmakesalotofsenseinacountrylikeJapan,”

saidCEOHideoSawada.

Sawadapredictsthat70percentofthejobsatJapan'shotelswillbeautomatedinthenextfiveyears."It

takesaboutayeartotwotogetyourmoneyback,“hesaid."Butsinceyoucanworkthem24hoursaday,

andtheydon*tneedvacation,eventuallyit*smorecost-efficienttousetherobot."

Thismayseemlikeavisionofthefuturebestsuited—perhapsonlysuited—toJapan.Butaccordingto

MichaelChui,apartnerattheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute,manytasksinthefood-serviceand

accommodationindustryareexactlythekindthatareeasilyautomated.Chui'slatestresearchestimatesthat

54percentofthetasksworkersperforminAmericanrestaurantsandhotelscouldbeautomatedusing

currentlyavailabletechnologies.

Therobots,infact,arealreadyhere.Chowbotics,acompanyinRedwoodCity,California,manufactures

Sally,aboxyrobotthatpreparessaladsorderedonatouchscreen.Botlr,arobotbutler,nowbringsguests

extratowelsandtoiletriesindozensofhotelsaroundthecountry.

Thisseemstobeworrying.America'seconomyisn'tdevelopingnearlyassmoothlyasJapan's,andoneof

thefewbrightspotsinrecentyearshasbeenemploymentinrestaurantsandhotels,whichhaveadded

morejobsthanalmostanyotherindustry.Thatgrowth,infact,hashelpeddulltheblowthatautomation

hasdeliveredtootherindustries.Thefood-serviceandaccommodationindustrynowemploys13.7million

American.Since2013,ithasaccountedformorejobsthanmanufacturing.

Thesenewpositionsonceseemedsafefromrobotsbecausetheyrequiredahumantouchinawaythat

manufacturingorminingjobsdidnot.Whenorderingacoffeeorcheckingintoahotel,humanbeingswant

tointeractwithotherhumanbeings——orsowethought.Thecompaniesbringingrobotsintotheservice

industryarebettingthatwellbehappytotradeourrelationshipwithroboticwaitersorclerksforgreater

efficiency.They'realsoconfidentthataddingrobotswon'tnecessarilymeancuttinghumanjobs.

18.Accordingtothewriter,whywasitpartlyoutofnecessitythatH.LS.turnedtoautomation?

A.It'shardtofindemployeesinJapan.

B.TheJapaneseareusedtousingrobots.

C.RobotictechnologyisadvancedinJapan.

D.Japan'seconomydevelopslessfastthanexpected.

19.AccordingtoMichaelChui,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Itisnoeasyjobtoautomatetasksinthehotelindustry.

B.Restaurantworkerscanbeeasilyreplacedbyrobots.

C.Technologiesneedupgradingtopavethewayforroboticwaiters.

D.Robotsnowperform54%ofthetasksinAmericanrestaurantsandhotels.

20.WhydoestheautomationinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsseemworrying?

A.Themanufacturingindustryiswaitingtobeautomated.

B.America'seconomyisdevelopingatanunexpectedrate.

C.Automationhasalreadyhadanegativeeffectontheserviceindustry.

D.ThesetwoindustriescontributemuchtoAmerica'semploymentrate.

21.Itcanbeinferredthatcompaniesbringingrobotsintotheserviceindustrythinkthat.

A.thehumantouchmaynotmatterthatmuch

B.profitismoreimportantthancustomersatisfaction

C.manufacturingorminingjobsrequirehumaninteraction

D.robotswillrobhumansoftheirjobsatthecostofefficiency

E

ColleagueCouncilMeeting3rdOct20

Chairperson：JaneSimmons

MinutesSecretary：LizBateman

1Welcome

JaneSimmonswelcomedallcolleaguestothemeeting.SheexplainedtheaimoftheColleague

Council—issueswhichareofconcerntostaffmemberscanberaisedanddiscussedbythegroup,andthen

addressedtoPersonnelManager,PennyKaceinik,inthesecondhalfofthemeeting.Meetingswillbeheld

fourtimesayear.

MATTERSARISINGFROMTHEMINUTES

2LiftingofInternationalcallbarring

Thecouncilaskedifitwouldbepossibletohavethephonesystemchangedsothatinternationalcallscan

bemade.

AllphonesinSales&MarketingwillbemodifiedinNovembertoallowforinternationalcalls.Anyone

elsewhoneedstocalloverseasshouldcontactAsifDininIT.

3Recyclingofpaper

ThecouncilenquiredifthecorrectrouteforraisingrecyclingissueswasthroughJohnEvans,Office

ServicesManager.

Pennyagreedthatthiswasthecorrectroute.Shealsoaddedthatshewouldwelcomeeveryonelookingat

thepapertheyuseandcuttingdownifpossible.Individualsareremindedthattheycanalsomakea

differencebyturninglightsandmonitorsetc.off.

4Healthysnackoptionsinsnackmachines

Thecouncilrequestedthatahealthyrangeofsnacksbeavailablefromthesnackmachine.

Pennyremindedeveryonethatthecanteenoffershealthylunch-timeoptions.Shewilldiscussthecontents

ofthemachinewiththeleasers(租赁方)whentheleasecomesupforrenewalnextmonth.Feedbackto

begivenatJanmeeting.

5Removalofstudygrants

Thecouncilexpressedregretthatstudygrantsfornon-professionalcourseswerenolonger

available.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtotakelanguagecourses,forexample,givenourgrowing

internationalmarket.

PennyexplainedthatManagementfeltthismoneycouldbebetterusedonpayingforcourseswhichwould

leadtoprofessionalqualifications,suchasAccountancy,CreditControl.Shealsosuggestedthatin-house

languagecoursescouldbetaughtbymembersofstaff.

NextMeeting：WillbeJanuary,precisedatetobeconfirmed

Attendees：LouisaBarlow,GaryBrown,NatalieCole,OrlaDoyle,TariqAli,PennyKacelnik(Personnel

Officer)

22.Theword"Minutes”isclosestinmeaningto”

A.unexpectedemergenciesB.thedurationofameeting

C.writtenrecordsofameetingD.suggestionsfromemployees

23.WhatproposaldidtheColleagueCouncilputforward?

A.HoldingtheColleagueCouncilMeetingfourtimesayear.

B.Allowingtheemployeestomakeinternationalcalls.

C.Dealingwithdocumentsonthecomputerinsteadofonpaper.

D.Askingthecanteentoprovidemorehealthylunchoptions.

24.WhatsuggestiondidPennyKacelnikgivetothosewhowanttotakelanguagecourses?

A.Shiftingtoacourseleadingtoprofessionalqualifications.

B.ApplyingtothePersonnelOfficeforaspecialgrant.

C.Turningtoacolleaguewhospeaksthatlanguage.

D.Referringtothegrowinginternationalmarket.

Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.Asdigitalassistantssuch

asAlexaorSiribecomepopular,wearebecomingaccustomedtotalkingtothemasthoughtheywere

alive；writinginthesepageslastyear,JudithShulevitzdescribedhowsomeofusarestartingtotreatthem

asfriendsandtherapists.ShulevitzherselfsayssheconfessesthingstoGoogleAssistantthatshewouldn't

tellherhusband.Ifwegrowmorecomfortabletalkingtoourdevicesaboutoursecrets,whathappenstoour

humanmarriagesandfriendships?Designersandprogrammerstypicallycreatedeviceswhoseresponses

makeusfeelbetter一butmaynothelpusbeself-reflectiveorthinkoverpainfultruths.AsAIgoesdeeper

intoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwillpreventouremotionsanddeephumanconnects.

Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.These

vehiclespromisetosubstantiallyreducetheexhaustionanddistractionthatputhumandriversindanger,

thuspreventingaccidents.Butwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeople?Drivingisaverymodern

kindofsocialinteraction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.Iworrythatdriverlesscars,bytakingaway

fromusanoccasiontoexercisethisability,couldcontributetoitsdecline.

Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingdutiesandhencetoremovefromhumans

thepowertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashis

inevitable),theywillalsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey'vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,drivers

whohavesteeredawhilealongsideanautonomousvehicletravelingatasteady,invariantspeedmight

drivelessattentively,thusincreasingtheirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey'vemovedtoapartofthe

highwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.Alternatively,experiencemayrevealthatdrivingalongside

autonomousvehiclestravellinginperfectaccordancewithtrafficlawsactuallyimproveshuman

performance.

Eitherway,weshouldbecarefultolaunchnewformsofAIwithoutfirsttakingsuchsocialspillovers——or

externalities,asthey'reoftencalled—intoaccount.Wemustapplythesameeffortthatweapplytothe

hardwareandsoftwarethatmakeself-drivingcarspossibletomanagingAl'spotentialeffectsonthose

outsidethecar.Afterall,weinstallbrakelightsonthebackofyourcarnotjust,orevenprimarily,foryour

benefit,butforthesakeofthepeoplebehindyou.

25.Whatcanbeinferredabouthumanrelationshipsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Wewillfeelcomfortablespeakingtoothersonline.

B.AIwillleadtoshallowinter-personalrelationships.

C.AIwillenablepeopletocommunicatemorewithothers.

D.Wewillbemoreself-reflectiveininteractionthankstoAI.

26.Inparagraph2,thephrase"itsdecline"referstothedeclinein.

A.drivers*interactionwiththecars

B.drivers'exhaustionanddistraction

C.ourabilitytocooperatewithotherswhiledriving

D.ourabilitytodealwithemergencieswhiledriving

27.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdriverlesscars?

A.Theymaybebetteratmakingmorejudgmentsthanhumandrivers.

B.Theyneedtovarytheirspeedtomakecontactwithhumandrivers.

C.Theymaymakehumandriversinothercarsdrivemoresafely.

D.Theyneedtoforcehumandriverstoconcentrateinthecar.

28.Whichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Brakelightsonthebackofourcarareinstalledmainlytowarnusofdanger.

B.Weshouldfigureouthownewtechnologyaffectspeoplebeforedevelopingit.

C.Itishardtosaywhysocialspilloverswillworkintermsofself-drivingcars.

D.Moreeffortshouldbemadetoadvancethehardwareandsoftwareofdriverlesscars.

A.Artisanotherareawhereforgeryisdecreasingduetotheresultingprofits.

B.DNAcouldbeusedtoexposefraudintheartworld,too.

C.Ifthetechnologycontinuestoevolve,consumerscouldsomedaybringhandheldbarcoderstothetable.

D.Simpleconfusionmightexplainsomeofthedifferences,sincefishspeciescanbehardtotellapart.

E.TheDNAmoleculeiscapableofstoringvastamountsofdataandcansurviveforthousandsofyears.

F.Tosolvethisproblem,somescientistshavesuggestedattachingasmallplasticlabelfullofDNAto

worksofart.

AuthenticatingSushi•••andPicassos

ArecentstudyoftheseafoodindustrybyOceana,aconservationgroup,foundthat,nationwide,grocery

storesmislabelednearlyone-fifthofallthefishtheysold.Sushirestaurantswereevenworse,servingafish

otherthanwhatwaspromisedonthemenuthree-quartersofthetime.⑴Butsomemerchantsseemedto

substitutecheapfishliketilapiaformoreexpensivefareonpurpose.

DNAbarcodingcanhelpuncoversuchpractices.Bytakingabitofmusclefromafishandsequencing（；则

定序歹U）theDNAinside,scientistscanquicklytellonespeciesfromanother.Bar-codingtechnologyis

accessibleenoughthathigh-schoolstudentshaveusedittoexposefraud（骗局）atrestaurants.（2）And

theycanseeforthemselveswhetherthey'rereallygettingthebluefintunatheyordered.

(3)Billionsofdollars'worthofartchangeshandseveryyear,andsomeexpertsestimatethat40percentof

itisfake.Professionalauthenticationcanhelp,butrecentstoriesinvolvingworkssaidtohavebeenpainted

byJacksonPollock,AmedeoModigliani,andothershaveshownthataskillfulforger(制作J箧品者)

canfooleventhemostrespectedexperts.(4)Ratherthanusingtheartist'sownDNA-whichathiefcould

liftfromclothes,rubbish,orhairs-theselabelswouldcontainDNAfromanothercreature,withpieces

ofsyntheticDNAwovenin.Toauthenticatethepiece,scientistswouldtakeDNAfromthelabel,sequence

thesynthetichits,andconsultadatabase.Onlyifthesequencematchedthedatabaserecordwouldthe

piecebepronouncedgenuine.

29.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

30.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

31.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

32.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.GH.H

33.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaand

themainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ABriefHistoryofSilkComfortabletowearwhethertheweatherishotorcold,silkisaspopular

todayasitwas-5,000yearsagowhenitwasfirstmanufactured.However,thehistoryofsilkhasnot

alwaysbeenassmoothasthefabric(织物)itself.

Today'sbasicsilk-productionprocesshaschangedverylittlesinceitfirstbegan.Thefabriccomes

fromsilkwormswhich,althoughtinywhenborn,growrapidlyinsize.Indeed,onastrictdietof

mulberryleaves,itisestimatedthattheyincreaseinweightby10,000%overthefirstsixweeksof

theirlife.Whentheyarefullygrown,thesilkwormscreateacocoon-aprotectiveshellmadeof

silk.Theythencrawlinsideinordertopreparefortheirnextstageofdevelopment.However,for

commercialsilkproduction,thesecocoonsarethenboiled,killingtheworminside,toensurethat

thesilkisnotdamaged.Afterthis,thesilkisgatheredandprepared.Asinglecocooncanproduce

between300and900metresofsilkthread.

Althoughtodaysilkisbothgrownandwornworldwide,theoriginalproductionofsilkwasrestricted

toChina.Likewise,inthesixthcentury,twomonksmanagedtotakesomeeggsallthewaybackto

theirnativeByzantium(modern-dayIstanbul,inTurkey).Thiswasaneventofgreatimportance,

sinceEuropewasformthatpointabletomanufactureitsownsilk.

Beforethemonks'successinbringingthesilkwormsoutofChina,Europeansweredependenton

merchantsbringingthefabricfromEastAsiaacrossthemountainroadsofCentralAsiaandthe

MiddleEast.Indeed,somuchsilkwastransportedthatthistraderoutebecameknownasSilkRoad.

Althoughman-madefibres(纤维)arecheaperandeasiertomanufacture,thebeautyofsilkis

difficulttomatch,andthereisalwayslikelytobealargeinternationalmarket.

34.你不该把你的未来寄托在任何一个人的承诺上。(base)

35.切莫歧视残疾人，否则你将受到法律惩处(subject)。

36.虽然现在越来越多的人会使用电脑来输入文字，但我希望手写永远能有其一席之地。

(although)

37.阅读能激发孩子们的想象力、创造力，还能帮助他们认识世界，形成对于人生、对于未来

的基本态度。(notonly)

38.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven

belowinChinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近英国朋友Bill发来邮件，说想学中文，有两种课程二

选一，请你推荐一个。内容包括：1.你的推荐；

2.通过比较说明理由。

课程：1听说课程；2故事读写。

教授内容：日常会话。

课时：周~"，周四晚上7：30-8：30,共8周。

授课方式：全中文教授内容故事阅读及写作。

课时：每周五7：30-8：30,共16周。

授课方式：中英文。

答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】held

【小题2]for

【小题3】can

【小题4]and

【小题5】because

【小题6】which/that

【小题7】quitting

【小题8]one

【小题9】tohave

【小题10]exists

【解析】(1)考查过去分词。句意：人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。分析句子可知，空格处

应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词belief与动词hold是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填heldo

(2)考查介词。句意：但事实上有证据证明这一点吗？分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。evidence

常与介词for搭配。故填for。

(3)考查情态动词。句意：然而，有些性格特征，如焦虑、抑郁和冲动控制问题，会使人更容易

上瘾。根据空格后的动词原形make可知，空格处应填入情态动词。由句意可知，此处指“可能会”，

故用can。故填can。

(4)考查连词。句意：如果一个人有成瘾的潜在危险因素，并且与他们的心理健康、性格或其他

因素(如家族史)有关，那么停止一种行为并不能使他们免受其他成瘾的风险。分析句子可知，

空格处应填入连词。由句意可知，此处是并列关系，故用and。

(5)考查状语从句。句意：但是，他们不会因为克服了一种瘾就更容易再次上瘾。分析句子可知，

空格处应填入从属连词。由句意可知，此处是因果关系，故用because引导。故填because。

(6)考查定语从句。句意：韦斯特指出，一项研究调查了戒烟对一个人饮酒行为的影响。分析句

子可知，空格处应填入定语从句引导词。先行词是research,指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故

用which/lhat。故填which/that«

(7)考查动名词。句意：研究发现，当人们停止吸烟时，他们的饮酒量也会短期减少，并逐渐恢

复到戒烟前的水平。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词。是介词，后用动名词作宾语。beforedoing

sth.意为"在做某事之前"。故填quitting»

（8）考查代词。句意：韦斯特说："如果有什么不同的话，停止一个可以有助于停止或减少另一

个。”分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词one作宾语，和后面的theother相对应。故填one。

（9）考查动词不定式。句意：当然，也有一些例外和故事，一些人放弃了一种物质或行为，只是

为了让另一种物质接管他们的生活。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。0nlytodo是固定

结构，在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。故填tohave。

（10）考查动词的时态。句意：根据韦斯特的说法，尽管脆弱性仍然存在，但没有证据表明上瘾

的人格存在。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文判断，此处应用一般现在时。

主语是anaddictivepersonality,单数，故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。故填exists。

本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为，有些人天生就上瘾。但事实上没有证据证明这一点。

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在

读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚

实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。

2.【答案】F

【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：其次，《财富》杂志关注公司的重要特征：例如，薪酬、福利以

及员工和管理层之间的沟通。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据句意，此处指"特征

",features是名词"特征"。故选F。

（2）考查谓语动词。句意：最后，该杂志对结果进行检查，以找到其前100名。分析句子可知，

空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上句Fortunelooksatimportant（1）ofcompanies可知，此处应用一

般现在时，且主语是单数，谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意，examines是动词"检查”。

故选Eo

（3）考查名词。句意：显然，对员工好并不是赚钱的障碍。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作

表语。barrier是名词"障碍"，符合句意。故选B。

（4）考查形容词。句意：另一方面，没有一家公司仅仅通过对员工不吝啬而致富。分析句子可知，

空格处应填入形容词作表语。mean是形容词"吝啬的"。bemeantosb.固定短语，意为"对某人吝啬

"«故选H。

（5）考查形容词。句意：Wegmans有很好的营销策略，并且在社区中定位良好。分析句子可知，

空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指”定位良好的"，well-positionedo是形容词”定位良

好的”。故选K。

(6)考查名词。句意：回过头来看，我想说，该公司为客户所做的创新，