2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 重难题型专练 题型四 短文填空（含答案）

2024中考英语试题研究第二部分重难题型专练题型四短文填空话题一教育故事Passage1(2023锦江区二诊)acceptadmirebaddropgivehappenhappyitnoneperfectslowtryOnceacirclelostapieceofitsown.Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaround,1.________tofinditsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwasincomplete,itcouldonlyrollveryslowly.Itdancedwiththeflowers,chattedwithworms(虫子)andenjoyedthesunshinealongtheway.Itfoundlotsofdifferentpieces,but2.________ofthemfit.Soitleftthemallbythesideoftheroadandkeptonlookingforthemissingpiece.Thenonedaythecirclefoundapiecethatfit3.________．Thecircleputthemissingpieceinto4.________.Itcouldbewholewithnothingmissing.Itwassohappyandbegantoroll.Nowthatitwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast,toofast5.________flowersortalktoworms.Itrealizedhowdifferentandnicetheworldwaswhenitrolledslowly.Itfeltsosadthatit6.________thatpieceandrolledawayslowly.Sometimeswearemoreperfectwhenwelosesomething.Amanwhohaseverythingisapoormaninsomeways.Hewillneverhavehopes,dreamsorsomethingbetter.Hewillneverknowsomeoneislovinghimorsomeone7.________himsomething.Lifeisnotaspellinggame.Nomatterhowmanywordsyougotright,youfailifyoumakeonemistake.Lifeismorelikeabasketballseason.Eventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeven8.________teamhasitsgooddays.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.Whenwethinkimperfection(不完美)is9.________tohumanbeings,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandenjoyit,wewillhavereachedawholeness.Wecouldn'tbeperfect,butwemustbebraveenoughtolove,strongenoughtoforgive(原谅),kindenoughtoshare10.________withothersandcleverenoughtoknowthereisenoughlovearoundus.Thenwecanalwaysliveawonderfultimeinourlives.【语篇研读】What：讲述了一个圆寻找丢失的碎片的故事，当它找到碎片终于变完整了，滚动得更快了，但是却没有时间欣赏路上的风景。Why：引导学生学会接受自己的不完美，欣赏生活中的美好。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：本文采用了拟人的手法，将“圆”人格化，为其赋予了人的思想感情，使得读者能更好地共情。Passage2(2023黑白卷)activebreakbuildchangeexplaingoodharmpleasuresadstrongsuccessweTherewasaboywhoalwaysgotangrywithotherseasilyoversmallthings.Sooneday,hisparentstookhimtovisitawiseman,hopinghecouldbecomea1.________personthanbefore.Themanlettheboymaketwoheartswithclay.Whenmakingthem,theboygotangrybecausehefailedmanytimes,whichmadehimfeel2.________．Hethoughtwhathedidhadnothingtodowith3.________hisnature.Aftermakingthehearts,theboywasaskedtoheattheminthefire.Theboydidasthewisemansaidandcameback.Butthemanaskedhimtobreakonewithastone.Theboycontrolledhisangerandknockedithard.Thentheheartwas4.________.Seeingthat,afeelingof5.________filledwiththeboy'sheart.That'sbecausehiswholeday'shardworkwaswasted.Thentheboywasaskedtobreaktheotheronetoseeiftherewasadifference.Butitalsobrokeeasily.Thenthewiseman6.________，“Boy!Theclayheartsareliketherealhearts.Asyouheattheheartinthefire,yourheartgetsheatedwithanger.Youthoughttheheatedheartcouldstand7.________againsttheoutsideworld.Butinfact,itcouldn't8.________instandingevenoneblowofthestone.Besides,angeris9.________tous.Forexample,peopleoftendosomethingwrongwhentheyareangry.Sowhensomeonemakesusangry,weshouldcontrolouremotions(情绪)andcalm10.________downbyputtingloveandforgiveness(宽容)inourheart.”Afterlisteningtothewiseman,theboyunderstoodandpromisedtocontrolhisangerfromthenon.【语篇研读】What：讲述了一个易怒的小男孩在智者的引导下学会爱与包容的故事。Why：引导学生学会管理自己的情绪，保持爱与宽容，建立良好的人际关系。How：①文体特征：夹叙夹议文。②写作手法：使用了比喻和象征性语言来传达教育信息。例如，将加热的用黏土制作的心比喻成发怒时的心灵，有助于读者更深刻地理解愤怒的本质和影响。话题二人物介绍（2022，2021）Passage3(2023高新区一诊)breakcommunitycutdividedownpossiblerequireresponsiblesaveshesmoothstick[地域特色·蜀绣]Embroidery(刺绣)isanimportantartforminChineseculture.OneofthemostfamousembroiderystylesisShuembroidery.Itisknownforits1.________needlework(针线)andbeautifulcolors.MengDezhi2.________tomakingShuembroideryfor40years.The59­year­oldwomanisanational­levelinheritor(传承人)oftheartform.SheusedtoworkattheChengduShuEmbroideryFactory.Butin2005,thefactorywent3.________，andMenglostherjob.Tosavetheart.MengdecidedtorentherownplaceandteachShuembroiderytoothers4.________.It'snotaneasyjob.Workersneed5.________eachsilkthread(线)intomorethan10oreven30pieces.Eachpieceisthinnerthanasinglehumanhair.In2016,BaiduinvitedMengtomakeahomepagelogoforQixiFestival.Itwasasmalllogo,butit6.________theuseof45typesofsewing(缝纫)methodsand35，000stitches(针法)．Theworkishardandthepayislow.Notmanypeoplewanttolearnthisskill.ButMengistryingtosaveitbyteachingindifferentuniversitiesand7.________.ShebelievesthatShuembroiderystandsforthousandsofyearsofSichuancultureandshould8.________．“IfeelthatIhavethe9.________topassonShuembroideryskillstoyoungpeopletoletitrunfromgenerationtogeneration.”shesaid.Embroiderytakestimeandpatience.Nowthereareveryfewyoungembroiderers,sotheskillmay10.________dieoutinashorttime.Toprotecttheskill,ShuembroiderywasaddedtoChina'sintangibleculturalheritagelist(非物质文化遗产名录)in2006.【语篇研读】What：讲述了蜀绣的制作工艺以及蜀绣传承人孟德芝的事迹。Why：引导学生了解蜀绣文化，激发学生对传统手工艺的热爱和保护，坚定文化自信，弘扬和传承中华优秀传统文化。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②写作手法：文章使用了列数字的说明方法，如“morethan10oreven30pieces,45types,35，000stitches(针法)”，强调刺绣技艺需要精细和耐心；此外，文章引用孟德芝的原话，展现了刺绣技艺的重要性和保护与传承的必要性。Passage4热点：成都大运会第一枚金牌获得者adviseafraidchancedescribeplaypracticerefusesosurprisetalentwidewonderTherearedifferentcategories(类别)inChinesewushu.OneisTaoluandtheotherisSanda.AndNanquanispartofTaolu.Chinese1.________CaoMaoyuanwonthefirstgoldmedalofmen'sNanquanintheChengduFISUWorldUniversityGames.Hehada2.________showasthepeoplewarmlycheeredforhim.ForCao,itwashardforhimtofindaword3.________whatwushumeanttohim.Hehas4.________wushusincehewasfiveyearsold.Supportedbyhisparents,hewenttolearnwushuinasportsschool.However,thesportsschoolwasfarfromhishome,5.________hehadtotakeabuseveryday.Helearneditverycarefully.Andhiscoachthoughthewas6.________.ThenhisparentsmovedmorecloselytohissportsschoolwhereCaocouldlearnwushubetter.Laterin2007,Caohurthisheadandleftalongwoundonhishead.Hisparentsandthedoctor7.________himtogiveupthecomingmatch.Buthestucktofinishingthematchand8.________wonthegold,whichhadagreatinfluenceonCao'slife.Sincethen,hehasalwaysputmoreeffortsinTaolu.CaobelievesthatthegoldmedalhewonintheGamesmeansanewstart.Hewantstohavemore9.________toshowChinesewushu.Andhehopestospreadwushu10.________intheworld.Hiswishistomakeitpracticedbymorepeoplethroughhisperformance.【语篇研读】What：讲述了参加2023年成都大运会的运动员曹茂园的故事。Why：引导学生坚持自己的梦想以及学习并传播中华优秀传统文化。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②故事线：围绕曹茂园武术夺冠之路展开：wenttolearnwushuinasportsschool→hisparentsmovedmorecloselytohissportsschool→hurthishead→stucktofinishingmatchandsurprisinglywonthegold。话题三异国文化Passage5外文素材改编自PERSPECTIVES合作学习ablechallengeeducatorgivehelpmakemethodstudysolveexactstrangewhenDoyouhaveyourfavouritesubject?Doyouhavetheexperienceof1.________twoormoretogetherinsteadofjustlearningabouteachsubjectseparately?That's2.________howsomestudentsarelearninginFinland.3.________studentslearnabouttopics(话题)suchasworldevents,theystudyseveralsubjectstogether.Itis4.________forstudentstoseethepointofview.Inanothercourse,studentsstudyEnglishlanguagecommunicationmethodsandeconomics(经济学)together.Incourseslikethis,studentsusemany5.________astheyarelearning.Finnisheducatorsbelievethatstudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkinsmallgroups6.________problems.Workingtogetherisaveryusefulskillthathelpsstudentsdeveloptheir7.________tocommunicate.ButFinlandisseriousaboutchangingschoollifeandthewaystudentslearn.Thecountryhasalready8.________severalnewschoolbuildingsthatdon'thaveseparateclassroomsorhallways(走廊)．Finnishschoolsaremakingthischangebecauseofmany9.________opinionsthere.Theybelievethatworkingtogethertostudytopicsisbetterandmore10.________forstudentsthanworkingaloneorstudyingonlyonesubjectatatime.Theyalsofeelthatstudentswholearninthiswayarebetterpreparedforjobs,oncethey'vecompletedtheireducation.【语篇研读】What：介绍了芬兰的教育模式——合作学习。Why：帮助学生学习跨文化知识，了解合作学习这种教育模式。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：开篇通过提问题的方式引起读者思考，随后通过举例子的说明方法具体列举出芬兰学生的学习模式，增强了文章的说服力。话题四科普知识（2023）Passage6(2023成都)actualadvantagechancechilddifficultdifferencefewhearmanypossiblesilencetellDoyoubelievearoseplantsays“Iwantsomewater”oratreeshouts“Myarmshurt”？Maybeyouwillsaythiscouldonlyhappeninsome1.________stories.Infact,plantsarenotalways2.________.Arecentstudyhasfoundplantsshoutwhentheyareinneedofwaterorhavingtheirstemscut.“Eveninaquietfield,thereare3.________somesoundsthatcarryinformation.However,thepitch(音高)istoohighforpeople4.________，”saidLilachHadany,aprofessorfromTelAvivUniversity.Theresearchersusedmicrophonestorecordsometomatoplantsandfoundthatstressedplantssendout5.________soundsthanunstressedplants.“Whentomatoesarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet，”ProfessorHadanysaid.Theyalsotrainedamachinein6.________thedifferencesbetweenthirstyplantsandcutplants.Theresultshowsthatwhenthecausesofstresschange,theyshout7.________.Aftertheteamrecordedmanykindsofotherplants,theyfoundthatmanyplantslikecorn,wheatandgrapeplantssendoutsoundswhentheyareunderstress,too.“Thereisa8.________thatalotofcommunicationishappening，”ProfessorHadanysaid.“Becauseotherplantscanprobablyhearthecallofthestressedplants.”Soundrecordingsofplantscouldbringhumanslotsof9.________，especiallyinfarming.Forexample,peoplewillmakesurewhethercornisgettingenoughwaterorwherewaterisneededmostwithoutmuch10.________．【语篇研读】What：介绍了科学家发现植物在不同压力下会发出不同的声音，这能给农业带来好处。Why：用科普的趣味方式激发学生对农业知识探索的兴趣，增加了学生对农业科学的理解。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：文章以问句开头且问题新奇，引发读者的阅读兴趣；之后引用教授的话语和举例子的形式，揭开了植物会“说话”的谜底。Passage7外文素材改编自HighlightsforChildren为何早上可以看到月亮brightcatchcloseholdimagineitlightluckmeterproperunderstanduntilAccordingtoKenCroswell,theSunandtheMoonaredifferent.TheSunshines1.________alldayandalsoshinesatnight.However,theMoonisarock.Ithasnolightof2.________ownandthereasonweseeitisthatitreflectsthesun'slight.ThepositionoftheMoonandtheSunintheskychangesoverthecourseaboutamonth.Sometimestheyget3.________tooneanotherintheskythanusual,sometimestheyareatoppositesideoftheEarth.Youmaygetlostinthesewords.Tohaveabetter4.________，youcanthinkofitinthisway.You5.________thatyourheadisthewholeEarth.Youarealso6.________amirrorinyourhand,withyourarmspreading.Nowturnonabedsidelightandturnafew7.________awayfromthelight.Then,movethemirror8.________youcanseethelightbulb(灯泡)reflectinit.Youaregoingtohavetomovethatmirrorquiteabitinordertoseethelightbulbanditsreflectioninthemirror!Thisisthecasewhenit's9.________foryoutoseetheSunandalsotheMooninthedaytime.Asyouthink,youneedtomovethemirrorquiteabitasawayof10.________thelightfromtheSun—thelightbulb.ThisiswhyyouseetheMoonduringtheday,andespeciallyitisnotveryfarfromtheSun.Ontheotherhand,iftheMoonintheday,skyisquitefarfromtheSun,thenyouarelikelytoseeahalfmoon.【语篇研读】What：主要根据KenCroswell的观点，解释了“为什么我们在晚上看不到太阳，但有时却能在早上看到月亮”这一现象。Why：引导学生了解科学知识，增加科学知识储备，开拓学生视野。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：在第二段中，通过使用重复句式“Sometimesthey...som­etimesthey...”强调了月亮和太阳在天空中的位置的变化；此外，以头、镜子、床头灯作类比，模拟出太阳、月亮和光线，帮助读者了解为什么可以在早上看到月亮。话题五哲理故事Passage8ablebreakcompletedayexpressfactfailloseluckorsidewithImaginethatoneday,ifyoufalldownwhilewalking,youmayfeelunluckytoday.However,ifyoureceivethegiftyouhavealwayswantedbecauseoftheinjury,youmayfeellikeyouarethe1.________personintheworld.It'scommonthatmanypeoplealwaysthinkthatthingsintheir2.________lifehavesomethingtodowithluck.Infact,thereisnosuchthingasgoodluckorbadluck.Onceuponatime,anoldmanlivedapoorlifewithhisson.They3.________theirhorsewhichtheymadealivingwith.Hisneighborscame4.________theirpityforhisbadluck.Theoldmanasked,“Howdoyouknowthisisbadluck？”Afterseveraldays,hishorsereturned5.________manywildhorses.Hisneighborscameagain.Butthistimetheycametocongratulatehimbecauseofhisgoodluck.Theoldmanreplied,“Howdoyouknowthisisgoodluck？”Later,hissonlearnttorideahorse.However,hefellfromthehorseback,andhislegwas6.________.Theoldmanthought,“Howcan'tthisbeagoodthing？”Thenextyear,therewasawar.Thesondidn'tgotothefront(前线)becausehewas7.________．Not