2024中考英语复习专题 第1讲 动词和动词短语 (课件)

（10年45考，近10年连续考查；选择填空、完形填空）第1讲

动词和动词短语21第一节动词词义辨析考情概览31考情概览

第二节动词短语辨析4动词和动词短语(10年45考)：①动词的分类

②动词的基本形式

③动词短语(10年11考)

动词的分类1.系动词(2019A.51)(1)Iamtallandstrong.→“状态”类：be

(am,is,are)。(2)Wecankeephealthybyexercising.→“持续”类：keep/stay等。(3)Itrainedsuddenlyandweallgotwet.→“变化”类：turn/become/get等。(4)Theflowerssmellsweet.→感官动词：sound/look/taste/smell(2019A.51)/feel等。2.实义动词(10年33考)(1)Ilikehim.→及物动词(需接宾语):accept,answer,buy,finish,give,like,learn,make,watch,write等。动词的分类2.实义动词(10年33考)(2)HearrivedinBeijinglastnight.→不及物动词(无需加宾语):arrive,come,go,happen,look,rise,run,sit,smile,wait,walk等。注意：有些不及物动词+介词，后可跟宾语，如：Weshouldn’tlaughatotherswhoareintrouble.3.助动词(不能单独做谓语)(1)Sheiswalking.(2)Shedoesn’tkeepproblemstoherself.(3)Myunclehasbeentomanyinterestingplaces.基本助动词be,do,have,will等。助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不可单独做谓语，只能和它后面的动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数，还可构成否定、疑问等句型。4.情态动词详见本专题“第4讲情态动词”P145动词的基本形式

详见本专题“第2讲

动词的时态”P133动词短语(10年11考)详见本讲“第二节动词短语辨析”P123动词的分类

考情概览成都近10年中考每年在完形填空中考查1～4道动词词义辨析。具体

考查角度如下：完形填空：实义动词词义辨析(10年33考)和感官动词词义辨析(2019A.51)。第一节动词词义辨析（10年34考，近10年连续考查；完形填空）随堂检测基础训练1.（2023成华区二诊）—Excuseme，canyouteachmehowto______

thisnewword？—Noproblem.Lookatmymouthandlistencarefully.A.pronounce

B.produce

C.prepareA2.（2023温江区二诊）Ourteacherusuallyremindsus_

our

homeworkontime.A.tofinish

B.doing

C.handin3.Chinesepeopleusually

handstoshowtheirwelcomeandkindness.A.shake

B.raise

C.put4.Lifeisfulloftheunexpectedthings.Badluckmay

agoodthing.A.record

B.become

C.growAAB5.Youmay

whatyouaregoodatifyoutrysomenewthings.A.create

B.discover

C.review6.It’sdangerousto

thingsdownfromahighplace，whichmayhurtothers.A.throw

B.cover

C.weigh7.Youcanhardly

howwonderfultheconcertis.Youshouldwatchityourself.A.remember

B.imagine

C.considerBAB8.OurschoolprovidesTaichiclass.Ithelpsto

ourtraditionalculture.A.receive

B.compare

C.spread9.Weshould

thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepastyears.A.value

B.change

C.make10.Markplansto

someofhisoldclothesandtoysatayardsaletogetsomemoneyforatrip.A.buy

B.keep

C.sellCAC11.Thesong

wonderful.Itmakesmethinkofmycolorfulmiddleschoollife.A.sounds

B.smells

C.tastes12.Althoughourparentsaregettingolderastimegoesby，theirloveforusalways

.A.remains

B.moves

C.returns13.Freshfoodisgoodforyou.Butyouhaveto

itfirstbecausesometimesitisalittledirty.A.eat

B.pick

C.washAAC14.Studentswhoreadmorehavemorechancesto

thedirectionoftheirlife.A.bring

B.forget

C.choose15.Inordertogetgoodgrades，LiHua

dancingfortwohourseveryday.A.finishes

B.enjoys

C.practicesCC语篇提能PassageI’vespentyearslivinginBeijing，butIhaven’thadmanytrueoutdoorexperiences.However，aroadtriptoNanshanSkiing（滑雪）

Village1mesomethingunforgettable.AsmyfriendsandIsattogetherintheski­lift（滑雪缆车）chair，IfeltthatIhadtruly2thebusycitylifeofBeijing.()1.A.drove B.brought C.showed()2.A.missed B.believed C.leftBCHungupintheair，Itookinthewideviewofthecountrysideand_3_

thepeacefulquiet.Astheski­lift4，IslowlywentoffthechairbutInearlydidaface­plantintothesnow.However，I5myselftogetherandmademywaytooneofthemanystartingpoints.()3.A.wanted B.expected C.enjoyed()4.A.moved B.reached C.came()5.A.held B.learned C.pulledCBCMyfriendshadalreadystartedmakingtheirwaysdownthehill.AndIwasaboutto6thembutsuddenlyIfeltafraidasIfoundhoweasyitwastopickupspeed.Iendedupfallingdownintothesnowinsteadandoneofmyskis（雪橇）7.Notwantingtogiveup，Iputontheskiagain.After8toslowdownafewtimes，Icametoacceptthesituation.()6.A.join B.stop C.praise()7.A.changed B.dropped C.lost()8.A.failing B.refusing C.forgettingABAAlthoughIstillfeltnervous，Iwasabletoskimuchbetteratlast.Bytheendofthatday，Ihad9whatitmeanttotakerisksandgetoutofmycomfortzone（舒适区）.By10whatseemsafraid，youcanfindbothcourageandpeacewithin.()9.A.thought

B.realized

C.wondered()10.A.thanking

B.accepting

C.understandingBB

语篇研读What：主要讲述了作者一次户外滑雪活动经历的故事。Why：引导学生要走出舒适区，勇于挑战，不断提升自我。How：①文体特征：记叙文。②语言特点：使用了一些形容词如peaceful,afraid，nervous等描述作者的情感变化。

考情概览成都近10年中考连续在选择填空、完形填空中考查动词短语辨析。

动词短语每年考查0～3道(以1道为主)。其中在选择填空中每年考查0～1道；在完形填空中每年考查0～3道。具体考查角度如下：1．同一介词/副词型：完形填空(10年6考)；2．同一动词型：选择填空(2016A.41，2014A.35)，完形填空(10年3考)。第二节动词短语辨析（10年11考，近10年连续考查；选择填空、完形填空）考向1同一介词/副词型(10年6考)介词/副词词义常考短语about关于talkabout谈论；讨论argueabout争论careabout关心；在意hearabout听说

know/learnabout了解thinkabout思考；考虑worryabout担心；烦恼介词/副词词义常考短语at向；朝着lookat看laughat嘲笑

pointat指向shoutat对……大喊

smileat冲……笑workat从事；研究其他knockat敲callsb.at打电话给某人away离开；远离blowaway吹走；驱散flyaway飞走giveaway赠送；捐赠；泄露

throwaway扔掉；抛弃takeaway带走；拿走stay/keepawayfrom远离介词/副词词义常考短语away去别处goaway走开moveaway搬走

putaway将……收起；攒钱

back回原处comeback回来；恢复goback回去giveback归还回应talkback回嘴；顶嘴

call(sb.)back(给某人)回电话回想；回忆bringback带回；使想起

lookbackat回首(往事)；回忆；回顾介词/副词词义常考短语down

往下；

向下cutdown砍倒；削减falldown突然倒下；倒塌；摔倒liedown躺下(数量、力量、活动等)减少，减弱；降低breakdown损坏；分解；抛锚；停止运转；出故障diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失letdown使失望slowdown减速turndown调低；关小；拒绝(写)在之上takedown拆卸；记录writedown写下；记录下介词/副词词义常考短语from(表示分离或去除)runawayfrom逃离

separatefrom把……分开(表示来源)来自；从……来comefrom来自

hearfrom收到……的来信for(2018A.60，2015A.56)(表示对象、用途等)给；对askfor

请求(2015A.56)

lookfor寻找carefor关心

payfor支付

preparefor为……做准备

searchfor寻找

standfor代表

waitfor

等待(2018A.60)介词/副词词义常考短语for(2018A.60，2015A.56)往，向leavefor动身前往某地off不工作；休息breakoff中止；弄断putoff拖延

shutoff关闭；停止运转除去cutoff切除；剪掉；切断(水源、电源等)

payoff偿清(欠款等)；成功介词/副词词义常考短语off释放；放出giveoff发出；放出(光、热等)

gooff(闹钟)发出响声；离开

showoff炫耀

离开(某处)getoff下车

keepoff不接近

setoff出发；动身

takeoff起飞；脱下；摘掉；离开on(2018A.53)表示“持续性”carryon继续

goon继续；发生holdon等一等(别挂电话)；坚持

keepon继续(前行)workon从事于……；继续工作；对……起作用介词/副词词义常考短语on(2018A.53)登上(车辆)geton上车；进展穿着；戴着tryon试穿其他callon号召；拜访

comeon快点儿；加油；来吧decideon就……作出决定

dependon取决于；依靠；依赖live/feedon以……为食/靠……为生playatrickon开……的玩笑(2018A.53)介词/副词词义常考短语out(从……)出来pointout指出

giveout分发；散发goout外出(娱乐)

hangout闲逛；常去某处lookoutof由……往外看

moveout搬出；开始行动setout出发；开始

takeout拿出；取出除掉；清除clearout清理；丢掉

cutout删除；删去

leaveout忽略；不提及；不包括

没有；缺少dieout灭绝；消失runout用完；耗尽介词/副词词义常考短语out揭示了的；向外界公开的actout表演

bringout使显现；使表现出

findout查明；弄清

turnout结果是；证明是workout算出；解决；设计出；作出；制订其他blowout吹灭

breakout(战争；火灾等)突然发生；爆发carryout执行；开展；贯彻

helpout帮助分担工作、解决难题介词/副词词义常考短语out其他layout摆开；布置

lookout小心；当心sellout售完；卖光

tryout试验；选拔

to(2017A.54)作为动词不定式的标志usedtodo过去常常(2017A.54)wanttodo想要做plantodo计划做up向上；起来standup站立

lookup查(字典等)；抬头climbup爬上

cheerup(使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来介词/副词词义常考短语up向上；起来getup起床；起来

growup成长；长大pickup搭载；捡起；获得；收拾；接电话

turnup出现把……完成或破坏掉cutup切碎；剁碎完全；彻底eatup吃光；吃完useup用完；耗尽介词/副词词义常考短语up其他dressup打扮；乔装打扮

wakeup睡醒；醒来；唤醒cleanup打扫(或清除)干

endup最终成为；最后处于fixup修理；装饰

hurryup赶快；急忙(做某事)giveup放弃

makeup编造；组成；构成；化妆setup建立；设立；开办

stayup不睡觉；熬夜showup出现；露面

takeup占据；占去；从事介词/副词词义常考短语with(2018A.52，2014A.52)和；同；跟talkwith与……谈论

communicatewith与……交流comparewith与……比较

connectwith与……相连gowith与……一起走(2018A.52)catchupwith赶上；超过getalongwith与……相处(2014A.52)keepupwith跟上介词/副词词义常考短语with(2018A.52，2014A.52)用；以begin/startwith以……开始

endupwith以……结束其他comeupwith想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)

dealwith解决；处理over再一次；重复地lookover仔细检查thinkover仔细考虑悬在……上面；向……上方,hangover悬挂介词/副词词义常考短语over从……落下fallover绊倒越过getover克服；恢复其他takeover接管turnover翻转考向2同一动词型(10年5考)动词常考短语cutcutback削减cutin插嘴；超车；插入cutinto切入；刺入；打断come(2017A.46)comeacross偶然发现comein进来；到达comeover顺便来访

comeout出现；显露；公开；开花(2017A.46)cometrue实现；成为现实comeupwith提出动词常考短语fall(2022A.46)fallasleep进入梦乡(2022A.46)fallinlovewith喜欢上……；和……相爱gogoaway走开；离开goalong沿着走gothrough经历；度过；通读goby(时间)流逝；过去goover仔细检查；温习

gooutofone’sway特地；格外努力动词常考短语get(2021A.55)getcloseto接近(2021A.55)getdressed穿上衣服getin进入getinthewayof挡……的路getlost迷路getmarried结婚getover克服getreadyfor为……做准备getusedto习惯于getto到达givegivein投降give...alift捎……一程动词常考短语looklookafter照料；照顾lookaround四处转转；参观

lookfor寻找；寻求lookforwardto盼望；期待

lookinto调查looklike看起来像lookthrough快速查看；浏览taketakeaction采取行动takeafter(外貌或行为)像

takecareof照顾；处理takeplace发生；出现

takepridein为……感到自豪takeone’splace代替；替换动词常考短语turn(2014A.35)turnback(使)返回；(使)折回

turnright/left向右/左转turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等)(2014A.35)

turnoff关掉put(2016A.41)putdown放下

puton增加(体重)；发胖；穿上；上演(2016A.41)putup搭起；举起；张贴putback拖延；推迟随堂检测基础训练1.（2023成华区二诊）Agreatdealofmytimeis

withpracticingplayingtheguitar.A.takenup

B.madeup

C.putup2.（2023新都区一诊）Weneedto

becauseteamworkisveryimportant.A.runout

B.gooff

C.pulltogetherAC3.Wewinthefirstprizeinthesportsmeeting，andthehonor__everyone.A.getsto

B.belongsto

C.addsto4.Beanhonestperson，andyou’llfinditeasierto

others.A.getoutof

B.getalongwith

C.getreadyfor5.Weall

China’sfastdevelopmentaswehavethelongesthigh­speedrailwayintheworld.A.takeawayfrom

B.takecareof

C.takeprideinBBC6.Theplanewas

becauseoftheheavysnow.Inthatcase，wehadtochangeourplan.A.cutoff

B.takenoff

C.putoff7.Wewenttothelakeforapicnicyesterday.Everyone

theirrubbishfinally.A.gaveaway

B.tookaway

C.blewaway8.Tomakehermothernot

her，Lisatellshermotherthatshecanlookafterherselfwellatschool.A.hearabout

B.knowabout

C.worryaboutCBC9.Forchildren，theyshouldlearnto

somethingdangeroustoprotectthemselves.A.keepawayfrom

B.keepupwith

C.keepinmind10.Trytostayatanopenplaceduringtheearthquakebecausesomebuildingsmaysuddenly

.A.falldown

B.pulldown

C.breakdownAA11.Don’tbeupsetwhenyoufail！Youshould

andtryitone

moretime.A.cheerup

B.wakeup

C.callup12.Mrs.SmithhaslivedinChinafortwentyyears，soshehas_____Chinesefood.A.comeupwith

B.got