2024中考英语必读时事热点-科学技术

1题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了《自然》和《福布斯》对科学做出的一些预测。2阅读理解科学家们认为未来的10-30年间,会有3个方面实现突破,分别是数字货币、仿生眼睛和无人驾驶。3阅读理解讲述了中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统成为在美国,俄罗斯及欧盟伽利略后第四个全球卫星导航系统。4阅读理解介绍了位于北京的海淀公园被改造成了中国第一个人工智能公园。在这个公工智能体验。5阅读理解介绍了中国的“MorningStar50”无人机及其首次试飞。6阅读理解介绍火爆全网的人工智能ChatGPT具有一些cc创新"能力。Scienceandtechnologywillcontinuetodevelopfastin2023.NatureandForbeshavemadetheirpredictions(预测).Let’shavealook.Human-likefriendsRobotswillbemorelikehumansbothintheirlooksandabilitiesin2023.TheseRobotswillserveasgreeters,waitersandcompanions(陪伴)oftheelderly.ElonMusk’scompanyisworkinghardonmakinghuman-likerobotsthatwillworkinourhome.MoreAIsystemswillplayrolesinareaslikehealthcareandscientificresearch.ProtectingtheearthOneofthemostdifficultchallengestheworldfacetodayisloweringcarbonemissions（降低碳排放）.In2023,wecanexpectmoreprogressingreenhydrogen,anewcleanenergywithnear-zerogreenhousegasemissions.Scientistswillalsohaveasaferwaytodealwithnuclearwaste.Theusednuclearfuel（燃料）willbeburied（埋）400metersunderground.2SpaceandbeyondTheimagesfromtheworld’slargestandmostpowerfulspacetelescope（太空望远镜）—theJamesWebbSpaceTelescope—haveamazedtheworld.AndtheEuclidSpaceTelescopewillbelaunchedin2023.Itwilltakephotostocreatea3Dmapoftheuniverse.ChinawillcontinuetobuildtheXinjiangQitaiRadioTelescope.Itwillbeabletowatch75%ofthestarsintheskyatanygiventime.StayingconnectedIn2023,peoplewillcommunicatemoresmoothly.InChina,theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统)cannowbedirectlyconnectedtomobilephones.Wecanfindwherethephonesareevenwhenthere’snosignals(信号).AUScompanyisalsoworkingonadirectconnectionbetweenphonesandsatellites.Theimpactof5Gwillcontinuetogrow.Theareas5Gwillbenefitmostin2023includeeducationthroughonlinelearning,remotesurgery(远程手术)andlivestreaming(直播).1.Human-likerobotswilldomanythingsforpeopleEXCEPT.A.servingasgreeters,waiterandcompanionsB.playingrolesinhealthcareandscientificresearchC.learningtousesomespacetelescopes2.WhichisNOTmentionedtoprotecttheearth?A.Bymakingprogressinanewcleanenergy.B.Byusingmorehuman-likerobots.C.Bydealingwithnuclearwasteinasaferway.3.Whichspacetelescopecanbeusedtocreatea3Dmapofuniverse?A.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.B.TheEuclidSpaceTelescope.C.TheXinjiangQitaiRadioTelescope.4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.It’sdifficultforChinesepeopletofindwheretheirphonesare.B.Chinaisworkingonadirectconnectionbetweenphonesandsatellites.C.5Gwillcontinuetoinfluencepeople’slivesinsomeareas.5.Wherecanyoureadthispassage?A.Inamagazine.B.Inanovel.C.Inaguidebook.3What’sgoingtohappeninthefuture?Willrobotscontrolourplanet?Willcomputersbecomesmarterthanus?Notlikely.Butherearesomethingsthatscientistssayaremostlikelytohappenin10to30yearsfromnow,accordingtotheBBC.DigitalmoneyWeneedtopaywithcashforeverythingwebought.Nowwhenweuseacreditcardtoshoponline,moneyisspentwithoutusseeingit.Thatmeanswearealreadyusingdigitalmoney.Usingacardismucheasierthansearchingourpocketsforchange.Itisalsosaferthancarryingalotofcash.WhenATMcardswerefirstintroduced,theywerenotacceptedeverywhere.Butnowit’shardtolivewithoutthem.It’sreportedthatpeopleinSwedencompletelystoppedusingcashlastyear,andtheUSmightbenext.Bionic(仿生的)eyeIt’snolongersomethingonlyinasciencefictionmovie.Peoplewhoareblindmayhaveachancetogettheirsightback-bywearingbioniceyes.Ablindeyecannolongersenselight,butabioniceyecanuseacamerato“see”theenvironmentandsenddatatothemind.Nowthebioniceyeonlyallowspatientstoseelightsandunclearshapes.Ahighresolution(高清的)imagecouldbejustafewyearsaway.Self-drivingcarsUnlikeahumandriver,aself-drivingcarwon’tgetdistracted(分神)byaphonecall,theradioorsomethingoutsidethewindow.Sensors(探测器)andcamerasonthecarwouldallowittostickstrictlytotherulesoftheroadandkeepasafedistancefromothercars.Thiswouldgreatlyreducethenumberofroadaccidents.Youcouldeventakeanapwhilethecardrivesitself.Inthefuture,driverlesscarswouldbewidelyaccepted.6.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellusaboutdigitalmoney?A.Weusedigitalmoneytoshoponlinewithoutpayingmoney.B.Digitalmoneyismostlikelytobeusedinsteadofcash.C.Usingcashiseasierandsaferthanacreditcard.D.ATMcardsarealwayspopular.7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Bioniceyesonlyappearinthesciencefictionfilm.B.Humandriverswon’tgetdistractedbysomethingoutside.C.Theblindwearingbioniceyesmayseeclearlyinthefuture.D.Therewillbenoroadaccidentatallifself-drivingcarsareused.8.Fromthereport,wecanlearnsomeinformationabout.A.cultureandartB.industryandfarming4C.scienceandtechnologyD.trafficandshopping9.Whichofthefollowingcanbepredicted(预测)fromthepassage?A.Therewouldbeanumberofself-drivingcarsontheroad.B.Theblindcouldusecamerastoseethingsaround.C.Wewouldliveahardlifewithdigitalmoney.D.Robotswouldcontroltheworld.ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统),orBDS.Itbecomesanewsystemintheworldwithaglobalnavigationnetwork(全球导航网络).TheotherthreesystemsareGPSoftheUS,GLONASSofRussiaandGalileooftheEuropeanUnion.Asthenamesuggests,theglobalnavigationsatellitesystemprovidesnavigationandlocationservices24hoursaday.Asweknow,buildingagoodsatellitesystemcostsalot.Besides,theothersystemshavebeensetup.WhydoesChinahaveanewoneifthereisnothingspecial?Theotherthreesystemshave24satellites.China’sBDShassixmoresatellites.What’sspecialaboutthesesixsatellitesisthattheyhavearelativelyfixedareaofactivity.ThiscanimproveBDS’accuracy(精准度)inChinaandtheAsia-Pacificregionto5meters,comparedwitha10-meteraccuracyinotherareas.BDShasanotheradvantage-theshortmessageservice.Itallowsuserstohaveatwo-waycommunication.Inareasthatarenotcoveredbycommunicationsignals(信号),userscansendshortmessages.Eveninuninhabitedareas,suchasdeserts,forests,mountainousandpolarareas,BDScanalsomaketheshortmessageserviceavailable.Withthisservice,userswhoareindangercantelltherescueteam(救援队)theirlocationandcondition.Asthemostpopulouscountry,it’simportantforChinatohaveitsownglobalnavigationsatellitesystemtomeettheneedsofthecountry’sdevelopment.Infact,BDSisalsogoodbusiness.Accordingtotheofficialreport,China’ssatelliteindustryhaskepta20%yearlygrowthsince2012.AndBDScontributesabout80%ofit.Inaddition,BDShasalsocreatedcountlesshigh-payingjobs.Andwithcontinuousimprovement,itwillhavemuchmoretoofferinthefuture.10.WhichoneistheglobalnavigationsatellitesystemofChina?A.BDS.B.GPSoftheUS.C.GLONASSofRussia.11.HowmanysatellitesdoesBeiDou-3haveintotal?A.6.B.24.C.30.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”meaninParagraph4?A.人口众多的B.无人居住的C.风平浪静的13.WhataretrueaboutChina’sBDSaccordingtoParagraph5?a.IthasmettheneedsofChina’sdevelopment.5b.Itisregardedasgoodbusiness.c.Ithascausedanumberofpeopletolosetheirjobs.A.a,cB.a,bC.b,c14.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.Technology.B.Culture.C.History.ThelocalgovernmentofHaidianandtheInternetcompanyBaiduhadanagreementinJanuary,2018.Theywantedtodevelopthe“smartcity”together.HaidianParkwaschosenbythem.WhywasHaidianParkchosen?Itisbecausetheparkcoversabout34hectares(公顷)nearthe4thRingRoad.Anditreceivedabout1.2milliontouristslastyear.Ittooktheworkers10monthstochangeHaidianParkintoanartificialintelligenceAI(人工智能)themepark.ItwasopenedtothepublicinearlyNovember.Nowtheparkhasdriverlessbuses,smartlampposts(灯柱)andsmartspeakers.Thebusesthemselvescanrunaccordingtothedirectionsfromacomputer.Thesmartlamppostscanrecordalotofdataquicklyandwell.Thesmartspeakerscanunderstandhumaninstructionscorrectly.Theparkgivespeopleatotallynewlook.Peoplecanexperiencedifferentartificialintelligencehere.CheJianguosaidthatatotalof10governmentdepartmentsandcompaniestookpartintherebuildingoftheparkoverthepast10months.Hecomesfromtheparkofficeandheisinchargeoftheprogram.Inrecentyears,Chinesehigh-techcompaniesbegintodosomethingsintheartificialintelligenceindustry.ThecentralgovernmentalsosaidinOctoberthatitwouldhelpthedevelopmentofthecountry'snewgenerationofartificialintelligence.15.HaidianParkwaschosentobecomethe“smartcity”because.A.itisthebiggestparkinBeijingB.itisnexttothe4thRingRoadC.ithaslargesizeandispopular16.Theunderlinedword“driverless”inParagraph2means“”inChinese.A.无人驾驶的B.无座位的C.跑得快的17.Today,Chinesehigh-techcompaniespaymoreattentionto.A.theglobaleconomyB.theartificialintelligenceindustryC.thedevelopmentofourcountry18.Thebesttitleofthetextis“”.A.HaidianArtificialIntelligenceThemeParkB.ChineseHigh-techCompaniesC.BuildingA“SmartCity”605China’sbiggestsolar-powereddrone(太阳能无人机),Qimingxing-50orMorningStar50,finisheditsfirsttestflightinSeptember,2022.ThedronewasbuiltbytheAviationIndustryCorporationofChina(AVIC,中国航空工业集团有限公司)Droneshavebeenusedforquiteafewyearsnow.Therearedifferentwaysofincreasingtheflyingtime.However,allthesemethodsbecomelessusefulcomparedwiththeunlimited(无限的)powerprovidedbytheSun.That’swhyresearchershavebeenworkingtomakesolar-powereddronesthatcannotonlystayintheairforlongerbutalsoperformmoretaskswhileinthesky.In2018,Chinatestedthefirstversion(版本)ofMorningStar,whichwas91feetwide.Madefromaspecialkindofplastic,thedronewassolight,weighingonly41pounds.Comparedwithit,theMorningStar50ismuchlargerandhasawingspan(翼展)of164feet.OnSeptember3,MorningStar50tookofffromanairportinYulinCityintheShaanxiprovinceinnorthwestChinaandlandedback26minuteslaterafterasmoothflight.Stafftoldsomelocalreportersthatallflightsystemsworkednormally.Thisisagoodstartforfutureflightsofthesolar-powereddronethatcouldlastformanydaysorevenmonthsatatime.IntheUS,AirbushasbeentestingtheZephyrsolar-powereddronesforthepastfewyears.Itslatestversion,theZephyrS,cameclosetobreakingtherecordforthelongestflight.Itstayedintheairfor64days.Unluckily,thedronefellontothegroundonlyafewhoursbeforeitwouldhavesetanewrecord.19.Whichoneisanadvantageofsolar-powereddronesresearcherswant?A.They’recheaperthanothers.B.Theycanflyinbadweather.C.Theyflyatahigherspeed.D.Theycanstayintheairforlonger.20.WhatmadethefirstversionofMorningStarlight?A.Itslook.B.Itsmaterial.C.Thepowerituses.D.Thetasksitperforms.21.WhatcanweknowaboutZephyrS?A.Itfailedtolandsmoothly.B.Itflewforonlyafewhours.C.ItsetanewrecordintheUS.D.Ithadbeentestedformanyyears.22.What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparedifferentdrones.B.Toreportadrone’stestflight.C.Todiscussdrones’future.D.Totelltheimportanceofdrones.Typein“Acatwantstogotospace”andaskChatGPTtowriteabedtimestory.Justonesecondlater,you’llgetthestoryofMax,whoclawedhiswaypastmanydifficultiestosingamongthestars.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPThastakentheinternetbystorm,winning100millionuserssinceitcameoutinNovember2022.Peoplecanasktherobottowritestoriesandemails,create7recipes(食谱),translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.Initsownwords,itis“alanguagemodeltrainedininternettexttohelpusersgethuman-liketext.”ComparedwithSiriorotherchatbots(聊天机器人),ChatGPTusesamuchbiggerdatabase(数据库)fortraining.Italsousesstrongersoftwareandhardwaretolearnthingsbyitself.Forexample,ifitprovidesawronganswertoyourquestion,youcantellittherightoneanditwillmakecorrections.“It’satotallydifferentproduct,”computerscientistLiuXiaoguangfromNankaiUniversitytoldTianjinDaily.“TheknowledgelevelChatGPTshowsisequaltoanundergraduate(本科生)student.That’swhyitshockedtheworld.”ButonebigproblemwithChatGPTisthatitmakesmistakesorevengivesfake(虚假的)information.WhenRezza,a28-year-oldfromIndonesia,usedtherobottowriteanessay,it“gaveoutnonexistentacademiccitations(不存在的学术引用)”,hetoldTheGuardian.Sincetherobotistrainedusingwordsfromtheinternet,itcanalsopickupontheinternet’sbiases(偏见)aboutcertaingroups.Theseareallthingsthatneedtobedealtwith.23.Thecatstorywaswrittento.A.showwhatcreativeworkChatGPTcandoB.introduceacatthatwantstogotospaceC.introduceaseriesofbedtimebooksD.showhowrobotscreatestories24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanChatGPTdo?A.Makedishes.B.Singsongs.C.Translatetexts.D.Createnewlanguages.25.WhatmakesChatGPTanexcellentchatbot?a.Itcanlearnthingsbyitself.b.Ithasabigdatabasefortraining.c.Itwon’tgivepeoplewronganswers.d.Itissmarterthananyundergraduatestudent.A.abB.acC.bcD.bd26.WhydoesChatGPTmakemistakes?A.Itlikesfakeinformationmore.B.Someofitsyounguserscannotuseitcorrectly.C.Itscreatordoesn’tknowalltheanswers.D.Itmaypickupwronginformationontheinternet.8参考答案011.C2.B3.B4.C5.A【导语】本文主要讲述2023年,科学技术将继续快速发展。短文主要介绍了《自然》和《福布斯》对科学做出的一些预测。1.细节理解题。根据第一框中“TheseRobotswillserveasgreeters,waitersandcompanions(陪伴)oftheelderly.ElonMusk’scompanyisworkinghardonmakinghuman-likerobotsthatwillworkinourhome.MoreAIsystemswillplayrolesinareaslikehealthcareandscientificresearch.”(这些机器人将人们做很多事情,但不包括学习使用一些太空望远镜。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第二框中“In2023,wecanexpectmoreprogressingreenhydrogen,anewcleanenergywithnear-zerogreenhousegasemissions.Scientistswillalsohaveasaferwaytodealwithnuclearwaste.Theusednuclearfuel(燃料)willbeburied(埋)400metersunderground.”(2023年,我们可以期待绿氢这一温室气体排放接近零的新型清洁能源取得更多进展。科学家们还将有一种更安全的方法来处理核废料。用过的核燃料将埋在地下400米处。)可知,没有提及使用更多类人机器人来保护地球。故选B3.细节理解题。根据第三框中“AndtheEuclidSpaceTelescopewillbelaunchedin2023.Itwilltakephotostocreatea3Dmapoftheuniverse.”(欧几里得太空望远镜将于2023年发射。它将拍摄照片,绘制宇宙的三维地图。)可知,欧几里得太空望远镜可以用来制作宇宙的三维地图。故选B4.细节理解题。根据最后框中“Theareas5Gwillbenefitmostin2023includeeducationthroughonlinelearning,remotesurgery(远程手术)andlivestreaming(直播)”(5G在2023年受益最多的生活是正确的。故选C5.推理判断题。通读全文可知,短文主要介绍了《自然》和《福布斯》对快速发展的科学做出的一些预测。故推理出,你在杂志上能读到这篇文章。故选A。026.B7.C8.C9.A【导语】本文主要讲述了未来会发生什么?机器人会控制地球吗?电脑会比我们聪明吗?不太可能,但是根据英国广播公司报道,科学家们认为未来的10-30年间,会有3个方面实现突破,分别是数字货币、仿生眼睛和无人驾驶。6.推理判断题。根据“It’sreportedthatpeopleinSwedencompletelystoppedusingcashlastyear,andtheUSmightbenext.”可知,在将来数字货币是最有可能代替现金使用的。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据“Ahighresolution(高清的)imagecouldbejustafewyearsaway.”可知,未9来几年里,仿生眼睛会更加完善,选项C“将来盲人戴上仿生眼睛可以看得更清楚”是正确的。故8.推理判断题。根据“Butherearesomethingsthatscientistssayaremostlikelytohappenin10to30yearsfromnow,accordingtotheBBC.”及通读全文可知,可知本文讲述了将来会发生的一些事情,根据英国广播公司报道,科学家们认为未来的10-30年间可能会发生的一些事情。因此从这份报告中,我们可以了解到科学与技术方面的信息。故选C9.推理判断题。根据“Inthefuture,driverlesscarswouldbewidelyaccepted.”可知,在将来路上会有很多自动驾驶汽车,选项A是正确的。故选A。03个全球卫星导航系统。文章还描述了北斗卫星导航系统的诸多优点和意义。10.细节理解题。根据“ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统),orBDS.”可知,BDS是中国的全球导航卫星系统。故选A11.细节理解题。根据“Theotherthreesystemshave24satellites.China’sBDShassixmoresatellites.”可知,北斗三号总共有30颗卫星。故选C。12.词义猜测题。根据“suchasdeserts,forests,mountainousandpolarareas,”可知,这些地方的共性是没有人住。因此uninhabited是“无人居住的”意思。故选B。13.细节理解题。根据“Asthemostpopulouscountry,it’simportantforChinatohaveitsownglobalnavigationsatellitesystemtomeettheneedsofthecountry’sdevelopment.Infact,BDSisalsogoodbusiness.”可知,作为人口最多的国家,中国拥有自己的全球导航卫星系统以满足国家发展的需要非常重要。事实上,BDS也是一笔不错的生意。故选B14.推理判断题。根据“ChinahascompleteditsBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统),orBDS.Itbecomesanewsystemintheworldwithaglobalnavigationnetwork(全球导航网络).”可知,本文讲述了中国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统,因此我们可以在报