系解全册配套完整课件

系解全册配套完整课件运动系统概述

GeneralDescriptionofLocomotorSystem骨学Osteology

中轴骨axialskeleton

附肢骨skeletonappendiculare

关节学Arthrology

不动关节synarthrosis（直接连接）可动关节diarthroses（间接连接）肌学Myology

运动系统（Locomotorsystem）骨学

Osteology骨的形态和分类

Theshapeandclassificationofbones骨的构造

Thestructureofbones骨的化学成份和物理性质

Thechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofbones骨的发育

Thedevelopmentofbones骨的形态和分类

Theshapeandclassificationofbones长骨不规则骨扁骨短骨骨的构造Thestructureofbones骨质Bonysubstances

骨密质compactsubstance(bone)

骨松质spongysubstance(bone)骨膜Periosteum

外膜outerlayer

内膜innerlayer骨髓Bonemarrow

红骨髓redmarrow

黄骨髓yellowmarrow骨的化学成分和物理性质

Thechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofbones有机质Organicmaterial

---约占30～40%

无机质

Inorganicmaterial

---约占60～70%关节学

Arthrology不动关节（直接连接）

Synarthrosis

纤维连接fibrousjoints

软骨连接cartilaginousjoints

骨性结合synostoses可动关节（间接连接）Diarthroses

又称滑膜关节（synovialjoint）纤维连接Fibrousjoints

缝sutures

韧带连接syndesmoses

嵌合gomphosis软骨连接Cartilaginousjoints

透明软骨连接synchondroses

纤维软骨连接symphyses骨性结合

Synosteosis

不动关节Synarthrosis滑膜关节Synovialjoint1.基本结构关节面articularsurface关节囊articularcapsule关节腔articularcavity2.辅助结构韧带ligaments关节盘articulardisc关节唇articularlabrum滑膜襞synovialfold滑液囊synovialbursa3.关节的类型4.关节的运动关节的基本结构Essentialstructuresofsynovialjoints关节的辅助结构

Accessorystructuresofsynovialjoints关节的分类Typesofsynovialjoints单轴关节uniaxialjoints双轴关节biaxialjoints多轴关节polyaxialjoints关节的运动类型Typesofjointmovements屈和伸flexionandextension收和展adductionandabduction旋转rotation环转circumduction躯干骨及其连接

TheBonesoftrunkandTheirJoints浙江大学医学部凌树才lingshucai@中轴骨骼

axialskeleton

躯干骨

thebonesoftrunk

颅

skull

躯干骨

thebonesoftrunk

椎骨(24)vertebrae

骶骨(1)sacrum

尾骨(1)coccyx

胸骨(1)sternum

肋(12对)costalbone椎骨

vertebrae一般形态

Generalfeaturesofthevertebrae各部主要特征

Themaincharacteristicofvertebraeineachregion※椎管vertebralcanal:(围成、内容)

椎间孔intervertebralforamina(围成、内容)锥体椎弓尾骨

胸骨stenum

肋ribs※胸骨角:(组成、意义)sternalangle躯干骨连接成：脊柱(vertebralcolumn)胸廓(thorax)脊柱

vertebralcolumn椎骨间连结脊柱的整体观及其运动椎骨间连结

椎体间连结椎弓间连结寰椎与枕骨及枢椎的关节

椎

体

间

连

结※椎间盘intervertebral(位置、组成)

椎间盘intervertebraldisc

前纵韧带anteriorlongitudinalligament

后纵韧带posteriorlongitudinalligament椎弓间连结黄韧带Ligamentaflava棘间韧带Interspinalligaments棘上韧带Supraspinalligaments项韧带Ligamentsnuchae

横突间韧带Intertransverseligaments关节突关节

Zygapophysialjoints

寰椎与枕骨及枢椎的关节寰枕关节Atlantooccipitaljoint

寰枢关节Atlantoaxialjoint脊柱的整体观及其运动胸廓

thorax※肋弓(连结)Costalarch骨关节绪论思考题试述骨的形态和分类。试述骨的构造。老年人摔跤为何容易骨折？骨与骨之间通过哪些方式连接？什么是关节？关节的基本结构和辅助结构有哪些？试述关节的类型及其运动方式。名词解释：骺线、骺软骨、红骨髓躯干骨及其连接思考题试述躯干骨的组成。试述椎骨的一般形态特征和各部椎骨的主要特征。脊柱的概念及其连接方式有哪些？脊柱可做哪些运动？试述胸廓的概念及其运动方式。名词解释：椎孔、椎管、椎间孔、胸骨角、真肋、假肋、浮肋、肋角颅骨及其连接

TheSkullandTheirJointsTheSkullCranialbones(orcranium)脑颅骨Enclosethecranialcavity,whichsupportsandprotectsthebrainAttachmentsitesforsomeheadandneckmusclesFacialbones(anterioraspectofskull)面颅骨FormframeworkoffaceFormcavitiesforsenseorgansofsight,tasteandsmellProvidesopeningsforpassageofairandfoodHoldtheteethAnchorthemusclesofthefaceCranialBones（8）1.frontalbone额骨2.ethmoidbone筛骨3.sphenoidbone蝶骨4.occipitalbone枕骨5.temporalbone颞骨6.parietalbone顶骨parietalfrontaltemporal_____ethmoidoccipitalCranialBones

sphenoidFrontalbone额骨Ethmoidbone筛骨Ethmoidbone筛骨Sphenoidbone蝶骨Occipitalbone枕骨Temporalbone颞骨TheFacialbones（15）Maxilla上颌骨

palatinebone腭骨lacrimalbone泪骨

nasalbone鼻骨zygomaticbone颧骨inferiornasalbone下鼻甲骨vomer

犁骨mandible下颌骨hyoidbone舌骨Maxilla上颌骨Palatinebone腭骨Zygomaticbone颧骨Vomer犁骨Hyoidbone舌骨Mandible下颌骨

Theapicalviewofskull颅顶面观

Thefrontviewofskull颅前面观

Thelateralviewofskull颅侧面观

Thebackviewofskull颅后面观

Theinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull颅内面观

Theexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull颅底外面观TheSkullasaWhole

Theapicalviewofskull

Thefrontview

ofskullOrbits眶Bonynasalcavity骨性鼻腔Anteriornasalaperture(piriformaperture)鼻前孔（梨状孔）Thebonyseptum(medialwallofbonycavity)鼻中隔（鼻腔内侧壁）Bonyseptum※简述鼻旁窦的概念及其开口。Thebonynasalcavity(lateralwall)骨性鼻腔外侧壁ParanasalSinuses鼻旁窦

Air-filledsinusesarelocatedwithinFrontalbone额骨Ethmoidbone筛骨Sphenoidbone蝶骨Maxillarybones上颌骨

LinedwithmucousmembraneServetolightentheskullParanasalSinuses鼻旁窦Paranasalsinuses

Frontalsinuses额窦Sphenoidalsinus蝶窦Ethmoidalsinuses筛窦Maxillarysinuses上颌窦Thebonynasalsinusesandtheiropenings※翼点pterion(位置、组成)Lateralviewofskull

颅侧面观翼点星点颞窝硬膜外出血翼点翼腭窝颞下窝Theinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull

颅内面观anteriorcranialfossa颅前窝middlecranialfossa颅中窝posteriorcranialfossa颅后窝Theexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull

颅底外面观TheSkullatBirth※前囟anteriorfontanelle:(位置、形态、闭合时间)Thejointsofskull

颅骨的连结Synarthrosis

（直接连接）

Fibrousjoints纤维连接

Cartilaginousjoints软骨连接

Synostoses

骨性结合Diarthroses

（间接连接）滑膜关节（synovialjoint）Synarthrosisofskull

颅骨的直接连接纤维连结Coronalsuture

冠状缝Sagittalsuture

矢状缝Lambdoidsuture

人字缝软骨连结蝶枕软骨结合蝶岩软骨结合Diarthrosesofskull

颅骨的间接连接temporomandibularjoint颞下颌关节组成、特点、运动思考题

试以蝶骨为中心描述各脑颅骨的位置。试以上颌骨为中心描述各面颅骨的位置。试述骨性鼻旁窦的位置及其开口。分别叙述眶、鼻腔的交通。试述翼腭窝的位置和交通。颅底有哪些孔洞？试述颅的连接。试述新生儿颅的特点。Myology全身肌肉600多块占体重的40%每块肌都可视为一个器官

骨骼肌skeletalmuscle平滑肌smoothmuscle心肌cardiacmuscle肌（muscle）的种类肌的构造与形态Mophologyofskeletalmuscle肌的命名原则肌肉可根据共形状、大小、位置、起止点、纤维方向和作用等命名。形态

——斜方肌、菱形肌、三角肌、梨状肌等；位置——肩胛下肌、冈上肌、冈下肌、肱肌等；作用——旋后肌、咬肌；起止点

——胸锁乳突肌、肩胛舌骨肌等；综合命名：作用和形态——旋前圆肌、内收长肌、指浅屈肌等。肌纤维方向和部位——腹外斜肌、肋间外肌等；位置和大小——胸大肌、胸小肌、臀大肌；肌的配布规律和运动肌的起点和止点肌可以跨过一个或几个关节肌群的拮抗性肌群的协同性肌的运动受神经支配肌的辅助装置1.筋膜fascia：浅筋膜和深筋膜2.腱鞘3.滑液囊SupplementarystructuresFascia

Superficialfascia

DeepfasciaIntermuscularsepta肌间隔Retinaculum支持带

Osseofascialcompartment骨筋膜鞘Tendinoussheath腱鞘Synovialbursa滑液囊Sesamoidbones籽骨CommonflexorsheathTeninoussheath腱鞘肌的分部1.头颈肌头肌颈肌2.躯干肌胸肌膈肌腹肌3.四肢肌上肢肌下肢肌Musclesofhead头肌Craniofacialmuscles颅面肌

Epicranius颅顶肌

OrbicularisoculiMusclesaroundmouthMasticatorymuscles咀嚼肌

Masseter咬肌Temporalis颞肌Medialpteryoid翼内肌Lateralpterygoid翼外肌Craniofacialmuscles颅面肌Epicranius颅顶肌

Orbicularisoculi眼轮匝肌Musclesaroundmouth

口周围肌Masticatorymuscles咀嚼肌Masseter咬肌Temporalis颞肌Medialpteryoid翼内肌Lateralpterygoid翼外肌1234Musclesofneck颈肌Superficialcervicalmuscles颈浅层肌Suprahyoidmuscles舌骨上肌群Infrabyoidmuscles舌骨下肌群Deepcervicalmuscles颈深肌群Superficialcervicalmuscles颈浅层肌Platysma颈阔肌Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌12Suprahyoidmuscles舌骨上肌群Digastric二腹肌Mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌123Infrabyoidmuscles舌骨下肌群Sternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Sternothyroid胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid甲状舌骨肌Omohyoid肩胛舌骨肌1234Deepcervicalmuscles颈深肌群AnteriorgroupLonguscolli颈长肌LateralgroupScalenusanterior前斜角肌Scalenusmedius中斜角肌Scalenusposterior后斜角肌Scalenefissure斜角肌间隙12Deepcervicalmuscles颈深肌群AnteriorgroupLonguscolli颈长肌LateralgroupScalenusanterior前斜角肌Scalenusmedius中斜角肌Scalenusposterior后斜角肌Scalenefissure斜角肌间隙12Scalenefissure斜角肌间隙Musclesoftrunk躯干肌Musclesofback背肌Musclesofthorax胸肌Diaphragm膈Musclesofabdomen腹肌Trapezius斜方肌Latissimusdorsi背阔肌Levatorscapulae肩胛提肌Rhomboideus菱形肌Erectorspinae竖脊肌Splenius夹肌※Thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜Musclesofback背肌1234556※Thoracico-upper-limbmuscles胸上肢肌pectralismajor胸大肌pectoralisminor胸小肌serratusanterior前锯肌Musclesofthorax胸肌Thoracico-intrinsicmuscles胸固有肌:Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalesinterni肋间内肌Intercostalesintimi肋间最内肌1234LocationDome-shape,centraltendonThreeparts:

Sternalpart胸骨部Costalpart肋部Lumbarpart腰部Threehiatus:

Aortichiatus主动脉裂孔Wsophagealhiatus食管裂孔Venacavalforamen腔静脉孔Twotriangle

Lumbocostaltriangle腰肋三角Sternocostaltriangle胸肋三角Actions

Diaphragm膈AnteriolateralgroupObliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌Obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌Transversusabdominis腹横肌Rectusabdominis腹直肌PosteriorgroupPsoasmajor腰大肌Quadratuslumborum腰方肌※Sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘Lineaalba白线Inguinalcanal腹股沟管Inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Musclesofabdomen腹肌Abliguusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌Anteriolateralgroup

Obliguusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌AnteriolateralgroupTransversusabdominis

腹横肌Anteriolateralgroup

Rectusabdominis

腹直肌AnteriolateralgroupQuadratuslumborum腰方肌Psoasmajor腰大肌PosteriorgroupSheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘

Lineaalba白线Inguinalcanal腹股沟管※简述腹股沟管的位置、形态（四壁两口）及通过内容。Musclesofupperlimb上肢肌

Musclesofscapula肩带肌

Musclesofarm臂肌

Musclesofforearm前臂肌

Musclesofhand手肌

Deltoid三角肌Supraspinatus冈上肌Infraspinatus冈下肌

Musclesofscapula肩带肌Teresminor小圆肌Teresmajor大圆肌Sudscapularis肩胛下肌123456AnteriorgroupBicepsbrachii

肱二头肌Brachialis

肱肌Coracobrachialis

喙肱肌Musclesofarm臂肌12311PosteriorgroupTricepsbrachii

肱三头肌Musclesofarm臂肌1Theanteriorgroupscanbedividedintofourlayers:Thesuperficiallayer:Brachioradialis肱桡肌Pronatorteres旋前圆肌Flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌Palmarislongus掌长肌Flexorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕屈肌ThesecondlayerFlexordigitorumsuperficialis指浅屈肌ThethirdlayerFlexorpollicissuperficialis拇长屈肌Flexordigitorumprofundus指深屈肌ThefourthlayerPronatorquadratus旋前方肌Musclesofforearm前臂肌Theyconsistofanteriorandposteriorgroups.123456789Superficiallayer:Extensorcarpi

radialis

longus

桡侧腕长伸肌Extensorcarpi

radialis

brevis

桡侧腕短伸肌Extensordigitorum

指伸肌Extensordigiti

minimi

小指伸肌Extensorcarpi

ulnaris

尺侧腕伸肌Deeplayer:Supinator

旋后肌Abductorpollicis

longus

拇长展肌Extensorpollicis

brevis

拇短伸肌Extensorpollicis

longus

拇长伸肌Extensorindicis

示指伸肌Musclesofforearm前臂肌Theposteriorgroupscanbedividedintotwolayers:12345678910LateralGroup外侧群(大鱼际)Abductorpollicisbrevis拇短展肌Flexorpollicisbrevis拇短屈肌Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌Abductorpollicis拇收肌MedialGroup内侧群(小鱼际)Abductordigitiminimi小指展肌Flexordigitiminimibrevis小指短屈肌Opponensdigitiminimi小指对掌肌IntermediateGroup中间群Lumbricales蚓状肌Palmarinterossei骨间掌侧肌Dorsalinterossei骨间背侧肌Musclesofhand手肌

12568Musclesofhand手肌

LateralGroup外侧群(大鱼际)Abductorpollicisbrevis拇短展肌Flexorpollicisbrevis拇短屈肌Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌Abductorpollicis拇收肌MedialGroup内侧群(小鱼际)Abductordigitiminimi小指展肌Flexordigitiminimibrevis小指短屈肌Opponensdigitiminimi小指对掌肌IntermediateGroup中间群Lumbricales蚓状肌Palmarinterossei骨间掌侧肌Dorsalinterossei骨间背侧肌379

Musclesofhip髋肌

Musclesofthigh大腿肌Musclesofleg小腿肌

Musclesoffoot足肌Musclesoflowerlimb下肢肌

Musclesofhip(pelvicgirdle)髋肌AnteriorgroupIliopsoas髂腰肌tensorfasciaelatae阔筋膜张肌1.2.

Musclesofhip(pelvicgirdle)髋肌AnteriorgroupIliopsoas髂腰肌tensorfasciaelatae阔筋膜张肌Posteriorgroupgluteusmaximus臀大肌gluteusmedius臀中肌gluteusminimus臀小肌Piriformis梨状肌obturatorinternus闭孔内肌quadratusfemoris股方肌obturatorreternus闭孔外肌345678AnteriorgroupSartorius股四头肌Guadricepsfemoris缝匠肌MedialgroupPectineus耻骨肌Adductor长收肌Gracilis股薄肌Adductorbrevis短收肌Adductormagnus大收肌Musclesofthigh大腿肌121345637AnteriorgroupSartorius股四头肌Guadricepsfemoris缝匠肌MedialgroupPectineus耻骨肌Adductor长收肌Gracilis股薄肌Adductorbrevis短收肌Adductormagnus大收肌PosteriorgroupBicepsfemoris股二头肌Semitendinosus半腱肌Semimembranosus半膜肌Musclesofthigh大腿肌8910Musclesofleg小腿肌12345AnteriorgroupTibialisanterior胫骨前肌Extensordigitorum趾长伸肌Extensorhallucislongus踇长伸肌LateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌AnteriorgroupTibialisanterior胫骨前肌Extensordigitorum趾长伸肌Extensorhallucislongus踇长伸肌LateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌PosteriorgroupSuperficiallayer:Triceps小腿三头肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Soleus比目鱼肌DeeplayerPopliteus腘肌Flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌Flexorhallucislongus踇长屈肌Tibialisposterior胫骨后肌

Musclesofleg小腿肌667891011Musclesoffoot足肌思考题了解骨骼肌的构造、形态、命名原则和配布规律。肌的辅助结构有哪些？分别试述上、下肢肌群的配布及其功能。试述头颈部肌的分群。试述主要的呼吸肌有哪些？THANKS!TheBonesofLimbsandTheirJointsTheBonesofLimbsTheBonesofupperlimbTheBonesoflowerlimbFig.8-1,p.2391.TheBonesofUpperLimbTheshouldergirdle上带肢骨

clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨Thebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨

humerus

肱骨ulna尺骨

radius桡骨bonesofhand手骨Fig.8-1,part1,p.239TheBonesofUpperLimbClavicle锁骨

Scapula肩胛骨

Humerus

肱骨Radius桡骨

Ulna尺骨Thebonesofhand

手骨carpalbones

腕骨（8）metacarpalbones

掌骨（5）phalangesbones

指骨（14）“舟月三角豆、大小头状钩”2.TheBonesofLowerLimbThePelvicGirdle下肢带骨

hipbone髋骨TheBonesofFreeLowerLimb自由下肢骨

femur股骨

patella髌骨

tibia胫骨

fibula腓骨

bonesoffoot足骨Fig.8-1,part2,p.239TheBonesoflowerlimbThehipboneconsistsofthreebones:ilium,ischiumandpubispubispubis髂骨髂骨坐骨坐骨耻骨HipBone髋骨Femur股骨Patella

髌骨Tibia胫骨Fibula腓骨BonesofFoot

足骨

跗骨排列顺序：距上跟下，舟连三楔，骰在外.JointsofUpperandLowerLimbJointofupperlimbArticulationsofgirdleofupperlimb

上肢带骨的连接

Articulationsoffreeupperlimb

自由上肢骨的连接JointoflowerlimbArticulationsofgirdleoflowerlimb

下肢带骨的连接

Articulationsoffreelowerlimb

自由下肢骨的连接

ArticulationsofGirdleofUpperLimbsternoclavicularjoint胸锁关节acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节coracoacromialligament喙肩韧带ArticulationsofFreeUpperLimbshoulderjoint肩关节elbowjoint肘关节Jointsbetweentheulnaandradius桡尺骨连结jointsofhand手关节ShoulderJoint肩关节ElbowJoint肘关节桡尺连结JointsofHand手关节

ArticulationsofGirdleofLowerLimbSacroiliacjoint骶髂关节LigamentsconnectingbetweenhipboneandspinalcolumnPubicsymphysis耻骨联合Pevis骨盆SacroiliacJoint骶髂关节※骶前、后韧带Ligamentsconnectingbetweenhipboneandspinalcolumniliolumbarligament髂腰韧带sacrotuberousligament骶结节韧带sacrospinousligament骶棘韧带greatersciaticforamen坐骨大孔lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孔PubicSymphysis

耻骨联合

Obturatormembrane闭孔膜Pevis

骨盆※terminalline骨盆界线

greaterpelvis大骨盆lesserpelvis小骨盆

pubicarch耻骨弓subpubicangle耻骨下角※简述女性骨盆的特点。ArticulationsofFreeLowerLimbhipjoint髋关节kneejoint膝关节

articulationsbetweentibiaandfibula胫腓连结

jointsoffoot足关节HipJoint髋关节※iliofemoralligament髂股韧带ligamentofheadoffemur股骨头韧带

pubofemoralligament耻股韧带ischiofemoralligament坐股韧带

zona

orbicularis轮匝带acetabularlabrum髋臼唇KneeJoint膝关节※patellarligament髌韧带

fibularcollateralligament腓侧副韧带

tibialcollateralligament胫侧副韧带

cruciateligamentofknee膝交叉韧带

meniscus半月板

髌上囊胫

腓

连

结JointsofFoot

足关节talocruraljoint距小腿关节medialliagment内侧韧带(三角韧带)anteriortalofibularligament外侧韧带calcaneofibularligament跟腓韧带posteriortalofibularligament

距腓后韧带ArchesoftheFoot足弓Thebonesinthefootarearrangedtoformthreestrongarches:Twolongitudinal(medialandlateral)OneTransverseLigaments(bindthefootbonestogether)andtendons:Helptoholdthebonesfirmlyinthearchedpositionbutstillallowacertainamountofgiveorspringiness.

思考题试述上、下肢骨的组成及名称。试述体表能触摸到哪些骨性标志，有何意义。试述全身六大关节（肩关节、肘关节、桡腕关节、髋关节、膝关节以及踝关节）的组成、特点及运动。前臂的旋前和旋后运动是在哪些关节进行？拇指腕掌关节属于什么类型的关节？能做什么运动？什么是足内翻和外翻？发生在什么关节？全身有哪些关节有关节盘？Arteries

动脉CardiovascularSystemArteriesArteriesofpulmonarycirculation

肺循环的动脉Arteriesofsystemiccirculation

体循环的动脉Arteriesofpulmonarycirculation

肺循环的动脉Pulmonarytrunk

肺动脉干Branches:leftandrightpulmonaryarteries※arterialligament动脉韧带

Arteriesofsystemiccirculation

体循环的动脉Aorta

主动脉Ⅰ.ascendingaortaⅡ.aorticarchⅢ.descendingaortacommoncarotid

颈总动脉

subclaviana.

锁骨下动脉

thoracicaorta

胸主动脉

abdominalaorta

腹主动脉

commoniliaca.

髂总动脉Ⅰ.Ascendingaorta升主动脉rightcoronaryartery右冠状动脉leftcoronaryartery左冠状动脉brachiocephalictrunk

头臂干

Leftcommoncarotida.

左颈总动脉

leftsubclaviana.

左锁骨下动脉Ⅱ.Aortaarch主动脉弓

Commoncarotidartery颈总动脉internallcarotidartery

颈内动脉externalcarotidartery

颈外动脉※carotidsinus颈动脉窦

carotidglomus颈动脉小球superiorthyroida.

甲状腺上动脉

linguala.

舌动脉

faciala.

面动脉

superficialtemporala.

颞浅动脉

maxillarya.

上颌动脉

ExternalCarotidArtery颈外动脉Subclavianartery

锁骨下动脉vertebrala.椎动脉internalthoracica.胸廓内动脉thyrocervicaltrunk甲状颈干Axillaryartery腋动脉

thoracoacromiala.胸肩峰动脉subscapulara.肩胛下动脉posteriorhumeralcircunflexa.旋肱后动脉anteriorhumeralcircunflexa.旋肱前动脉

lateralthoracica.胸外侧动脉Axillaryartery腋动脉Brachialartery肱动脉※简述前臂出血的压迫止血点(出血部位、止血部位)。简述测血压的听诊部位及其血管。deepbrachiala.肱深动脉radiala.桡动脉ulnara.尺动脉Radialartery

桡动脉Ulnarartery尺动脉

superficialpalmararch掌浅弓

deeppalmararch掌深弓thoracicaorta

胸主动脉abdominalaorta

腹主动脉

Ⅲ.Descendingaorta

降主动脉Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Parietalbranches:posteriorintercostala.肋间动脉(9对）subcostala.肋下动脉（1对）superiorphrenica.膈上动脉Visceralbranches:bronchiala.支气管动脉esophageala.食管动脉pericardiala.心包动脉Abdominalaorta

腹主动脉

Parietalbranches:壁支

lumbara.腰动脉

inferiorphrenica.膈动脉

mediansacrala.骶正中动脉

Visceralbranches:脏支

Paired成对middlesuprarenala.肾上腺中动脉

renala.肾动脉

testicularovariana.睾丸动脉

ovariana.卵巢动脉

Unpaird不成对celiactrunk腹腔干

superiormesenterica.

肠系膜上动脉

inferiormesenterica.

肠系膜下动脉Coeliactrunk腹腔干leftgastrica.

胃左动脉

commonhepatica.

肝总动脉

splenica.

脾动脉

Celiactrunk腹腔干

Superiormesentericartery

肠系膜上动脉jejunal,ileala.空、回肠动脉ileocolica.回结肠动脉rightcolica.右结肠动脉middlecolica.中结肠动脉

Superiormesenterica.

肠系膜上动脉Jejunalandileala.空、回肠动脉Ileocolica.回结肠动脉Appendiculara.阑尾动脉Rightcolica.右结肠动脉Middlecolica.中结肠动脉

Superiormesenterica.肠系膜上动脉Inferiormesentericartery

肠系膜下动脉leftcolica.

左结肠动脉sigmoida.

乙状结肠动脉superiorrectala.

直肠上动脉Inferiormesenterica.肠系膜下动脉Leftcolica.左结肠动脉Sigmoida.乙状结肠动脉Superiorrectala.

直肠上动脉Inferiormesenterica.肠系膜下动脉Colicmarginalartery结肠边缘动脉Commoniliacarteries

髂总动脉internaliliaca.

髂内动脉externaliliaca.

髂外动脉

Internaliliacartery

髂内动脉Parietalbranches:

obturatora.闭孔动脉

superiorgluteala.臀上动脉

inferiorgluteala.臀下动脉Visceralbranches:umbilicala.脐动脉

uterinea.子宫动脉

Internalpudendala.阴部内动脉

Inferiorvesicala.膀胱下动脉

Inferiorrectala.直肠下动脉

Externaliliacartery

髂外动脉femorala.股动脉Popliteala.腘动脉posteriortibiala.胫后动脉anteriortibiala.胫前动脉dorsalarterydoroot足背动脉Femoralartery

股动脉主要分支：股深动脉Poplitealartery

腘动脉

至腘窝下份移行为胫前动脉Posteriortibialarteay

胫后动脉腓动脉

peroneala.足底内侧动脉足底外侧动脉

Anteriortibialarteay

胫前动脉压迫止血点足底深支第1跖背动脉弓状动脉

Dorsalarteryoffoot思考题试述大、小循环的通路试述动脉主干的构成及其分部试述头颈部的动脉分部概况试述上、下肢的动脉分布概况试述胸主动脉的主要分支试述腹主动脉的主要分支Angiology脉管系CardiovascularSystem

心血管系LymphaticSystem

淋巴系TheCardiovascularSystem

心血管系

Ⅰ)

心血管系组成：heart心

—

动力泵arteries动脉

—

运输血液离心capillaries毛细血管

—

物质交换veins

静脉

—

运输血液回心Ⅱ)血液循环

1.Thesystemic(greater)circulation体循环

2.Thepulmonary(lesser)circulation肺循环Heart心Position位置

Externalmorphology外形

Relations毗邻

Cardiacchambers心腔

Conduction传导系

Vessels血管

Pericardium心包位于胸腔中纵隔内，胸骨及第2-6肋软骨的后方。偏左：1/3位于正中线右侧，2/3位于正中线左侧。Position位置oneapex一尖onebase一底twosurfaces两面threeborders三缘threegrooves三条沟Externalmorphology外形Cardiac

Chambers心腔rightatrium右心房

rightventricle右心室

leftatrium左心房leftventricle左心室

Rightatrium右心房

Rightventricle右心室tricuspidvalve三尖瓣室上嵴Leftatrium左心房Leftventricle左心室mitralvalve二尖瓣Leftventricle左心室※

papillarymuscles乳头肌由二尖瓣的前瓣分流入道和流出道。Semilunarvalve半月瓣Ventriclediastole心室舒张Ventricle

systole心室收缩Tricuspidvalve&mitralvalve

三尖瓣和二尖瓣tricuspidvalve三尖瓣mitralvalve二尖瓣Ventriclediastoleorsystole?想一想…Structure构造thewallsoftheheart3layers—endocardium心内膜*continuewiththeliningofthelargebloodvessels—myocardium心肌*2kinds:theordinarycardiacmusclesthespeciallym.—

epicardium心外膜Septum隔膜

interatrialseptum房间隔----Ovalfossainterventricularseptum室间隔----MembranouspartStructure构造thewallsoftheheart3layers—endocardium心内膜*continuewiththeliningofthelargebloodvessels—myocardium心肌*2kinds:theordinarycardiacmusclesthespeciallym.—

epicardium心外膜Septum隔膜

interatrialseptum房间隔----Ovalfossainterventricularseptum室间隔----MembranouspartConductionSystem传导系统Itisconsistsofthespecialcardiacmuscles5parts:

Sinoatrialnode窦房结

Atrioventricularnode房室结

Atrio-ventricularbundle房室束

Leftandrightbranches左、右束支

Purkinjefibers浦肯野纤维

—Thesinoatrialnode窦房结

位于上腔静脉根部，心外膜下。—Theatrioventricularnode房室结

位于房间隔下部，冠状窦口上方，心内膜下。—Purkinjefibers浦肯野纤维Thevesselsoftheheart心的血管心的动脉Leftcoronarya.左冠状动脉Rightcoronarya.右冠状动脉心的静脉Coronarysinus冠状窦ant.cardiacv.心前静脉Smallestv.心最小静脉Coronaryarteries冠状动脉ThearteriesLeftcoronarya.左冠状动脉起源于左窦分支:前室间支、旋支.供血范围：左心房、左右心室的前壁、室间隔的前2/3.Rightcoronarya.右冠状动脉起源于右窦。分支:后室间支、左室后支供血范围:右心房、右心室、室间隔后1/3、左心室后壁、窦房结和房室结。ThearteriesCatheter心导管Coronarystent冠状动脉支架coronaryarterybypassgraft冠状动脉搭桥术Hearttransplant心移植ArtificialHeart人工心脏ThearteriesThecoronarysinus冠状窦

Theant.cardiacv.心前静脉

Thesmallestv.心最小静脉Coronarysinus心大静脉心中静脉心小静脉冠状窦冠状窦心大静脉心中静脉心小静脉心前静脉Pericardium1.分层:

纤维层

浆膜层:又分壁层和脏层。

2.心包腔:Transversesinus心包横窦Obliquesinus心包斜窦Pericardium心包1.分层:

纤维层

浆膜层:又分壁层和脏层。

2.心包腔:Transversesinus心包横窦Obliquesinus心包斜窦Pericardium1.分层:

纤维层

浆膜层:又分壁层和脏层。

2.心包腔:Transversesinus心包横窦Obliquesinus心包斜窦thetransversesinus心包斜窦theobliquesinus心包斜窦思考题试述脉管系的组成试述大、小循环的概念试述心的外形和分部使心腔血流定向流动的结构有哪些？什么是心传导系？试述冠状动脉的发起及分布VeinsandLimphaticSystemCardiovascularSystemTheVeinsVeinsofpulmonarycirculation肺循环的静脉Veinsofsystemiccirculation体循环的静脉Valves静脉瓣

Plexuses

SuperficialanddeepveinsCharacteristicDivisionVeinsofpulmonarycirculation

肺循环的静脉SuperiorandinferiorpulmonaryveinVeinsofsystemiccirculation

体循环的静脉Superiorvenacavaanditstributaries

上腔静脉系及其属支Inferiorvenacavaanditstributaries

下腔静脉系及其属支Veinsofheart

心静脉系Superiorvenacavaanditstributaries

上腔静脉及其属支Veinsofheadandneck

头颈部的静脉Veinsofupperlimb

上肢的静脉Veinsofthorax

胸部的静脉

Veinsofheadandneck头颈部的静脉颈部的浅、深静脉颈外静脉颈外静脉颈内静脉硬脑膜静脉窦颈内静脉锁骨下静脉甲状腺上静脉甲状腺中静脉甲状腺下静脉静脉角Venousangle※危险区（三角）Dangerousarea下颌后静脉面静脉颞浅静脉上颌静脉翼丛Veinsofupperlimb上肢的静脉Superficialveins浅静脉

Cephalicvein头静脉

Basilicvein贵要静脉

Mediancubitalvein肘正中静脉

Medianveinofforearm前臂正中静脉Deepveins深静脉

(followthearteriesgiventhesamename:axillaryvein,radialvein,ulnarveinandbrachialvein)

Veinsofthorax胸部的静脉Azygosvein奇静脉Hemiazygosvein(left,T8levelendinazygosvein)Accessoryhemiazygosvein(leftdown)Vertebralplexus椎静脉丛①②③④Inferiorvenacavaanditstributaries

下腔静脉及其属支Veinsofabdomen

腹部的静脉Veinsofpelvis

盆腔的静脉Veinsoflowerlimb

下肢的静脉

Veinsofabdomen腹部的静脉

Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Parietales（壁支）Viscerales（脏支）：※Hepaticpotal

肝门静脉Suprarenalvein肾上腺静脉Renalvein肾静脉Testicularvein睾丸静脉(Ovarianvein卵巢静脉)

Hepaticvein肝静脉Superiormesentericv.

肠系膜上静脉Splenicv.

脾静脉Inferiormesentericv.

肠系膜下静脉Leftgastricv.胃左静脉Rightgastricv.胃右静脉Cysticv.胆囊静脉Paraumbilicalv.脐周静脉Hepaticportalveinanditstributaies

肝门静脉及其属支Portocavalanastomosis肝门静脉的吻合Esophagusvenousplexus食管静脉丛Rectalveiensplexus直肠静脉丛Paraumbilicalvenousplexus脐周静脉网※简述肝门静脉的组成、收集范围、主要属支及其侧支循环。

Veinsofpelvis盆腔的静脉Internaliliacvein

髂内静脉Externaliliacvein

髂外静脉Commoniliacvein

髂总静脉

Veinsoflowerlimb

下肢的静脉DeepveinsSuperficialvein

Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉

SuperficialepigastricveinIliaccircumflexveinExternalpudendalveinMedialfemoralveinLateralfemoralvein

Smallsaphenousvein小隐静脉①②③⑤④

LymphaticSystem

淋巴系统ThelymphaticsystemconsistsofthelymphaticconductingvesselslymphatictissueslymphaticorgansLymphaticconductingvessels淋巴管Lymphaticnode淋巴结Lymphaticdrainage淋巴回流Thymus胸腺Spleen脾※Regionallymphnode局部淋巴结LymphconductingvesselsLymphaticcapillaries

毛细淋巴管Lymphaticvessels

淋巴管Lymphatictrunks

淋巴干Lymphaticduct

淋巴导管

Lymphati