Unit+1+Food+matters+Grammar+and+usage高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修1

Unit1FoodmattersGrammar&Usage

-Toinfinitivesassubjectsandpredicatives一、写出不定式在句子中做的成分RevisionTofinishthetaskinaweekisveryhard.Thebigboymanagedtopasstheexam.Myworkistocleanthegardeneveryday.ShewasthefirstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Ourparentsexpectustogotoagooduniversity.Ihurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.Iamhappytoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语结果状语原因状语目的状语Revision二、不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般式to

doto

be

done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之________完成式to

havedoneto

havebeen

done表示动作发生在谓语动作之_______进行式to

be

doing/表示谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在___________后前进行AExploringtherulesNotthatlongago,myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.Iwaseagertotrynewrestaurants.Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.Ioftenateoutuntillastmonth,whenIcameacrossacookingapp.toeatToeatoutobjectcomplementThereareavarietyofrecipesintheapptochoosefrom.Theyareuploadedbyusers,andofferdetailedinstructionssothatotherscanfollowthemstepbystep.Mostoftherecipesincludephotosorvideos,whichareveryusefulforbeginners.WhenIpickedapopularrecipeandgaveitatry,Idiscoveredthatitwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.tomakeattributiveInthelastfewweeks,I'vethrownmyselfintohomecooking,fromboilingnoodlesinthepottofryingsteakinthepan.Ihardlyeatoutanymore.Notonlyiscookingathomecheaper,butIcancookexactlywhatIwant.It'shealthiertoo.Nowonderpeoplesaynothingbeatshomecooking!NowIamgoodatcookingacoupleofdishes.Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew-foundskills.Ihopethattheywilllikemycooking！toinviteadverbialofpurposeWhenthe

to-infinitive

isusedasasubject,weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject(1)_______atthebeginningofthesentence.Theto-infinitivecanalsobeusedasapredicative.Itusuallycomesaftertheverb(2)___________.itbeWorkingouttherules动词不定式作主语1.动词不定式作主语，通常表示具体的、一次性的或将要发生的动作。如：TocookChinesefood

isnoteasy.

Totalkwithher

isagreatpleasure.注意：动名词作主语，通常表示一般的、抽象的或经常性的动作。

Smokinginthepublic

isnotgood.2.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，将不定式置于句末。(1)TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

(2)Toimproveourteachingmethodisveryimportant.

(3)Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

(4)Tolookupeverynewwordwouldbeawasteoftime.

TomasterEnglishisimportant.

ItisimportanttomasterEnglish.

Itisn’taneasyjobtospeakEnglish.

Itisveryimportanttoimproveourteachingmethod.

Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.

Itwouldbeawasteoftimetolookupeverynewword.[温馨提示]it作形式主语时，常见句型:(1)It+be+adj.+(for

sb)

to

do

sth.(表示客观事实的形容词，如：easy,hard,difficult,interesting等用for

)It+be+adj.+(of

sb)

to

do

sth.(表示人物性格、品德、主观情感或态度的形容词，如good，kind,nice,foolish等用of)It's

very

kind____you

to

help

with

my

English.你真是太好了帮助我学英语。It

is

necessary____us

to

protect

the

earth

for

future

generations.我们为后代保护地球是有必要的。(2)It+be+n.+todosth.

It'sapitytohearthenews.很遗憾听到这个消息。offor(3)Ittakes/took/willtakesbsometime/moneytodosth.

IttooktheChinesealongtimetoexplorethespace.中国人花了很长时间探索太空。Itwilltakeusmorethanoneweektofinishthejob.我们完成这项工作需要一周多的时间。(4)Itseems/appears+形容词+todosth.

Itseemedimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.似乎准时完成工作是不可能的。3.动词不定式与疑问词how,what,when,where,which等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。When_________(visit)TempleofConfucius,Qufu,hasn'tbeendecided.什么时候去参观曲阜的孔庙还没有决定呢。How___________(protect)ourselvesagainsttheviruswaslearntintheFirstLessonintheNewTerm.我们在《开学第一课》中学到怎样保护自己抵抗病毒。tovisittoprotect注：1.单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有讨论。Wheretogoonaholidayandwhentogofortheholiday

(discuss).到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。Whereandwhentogoonaholiday_______________________(discuss).havenotbeendiscussedhasnotbeendiscussed2.动词不定式句子的主语时,若其后面需要用动词作表语，则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式，即保持形式一致(todoistodo)To

help

us

out

is

to

help

yourself

out.帮助我们脱困也是帮助你自己脱困。3.动词不定式句子的主语时,会有时态、语态的变化。Itis

a

great

honor

formetobeinvited

heretoday.今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。1.动词不定式做表语直接用在系动词之后，起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是aim,ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,intention,plan,purpose,task,way,wish等表示意向、打算、计划的词。Her

wish

is__________(be)a

teacher.她的愿望是当一名教师。Thedutyofsoldiersis__________(defend)theircountry.军人的职责是保卫祖国。2.动词不定式做表语用在seem,appear(看起来),remain,prove,turnout

等之后：Severalproblemsremain__________(settle).有几个问题有待解决。动词不定式作表语to

be

todefend

tobesettled3.用于表达想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。如：We

are

to

meet

at

the

station

at

there.Howarewetoconvince

him?YouaretocomewhenIcall.Thequestionishow_________(carry)outtheplan.问题是如何实施这项计划。4.“疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语(表约定）5.当All或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词do（以及do的其他形式时，作表语的不定式通常要省略to,即“前有do,后无to”Allyou

should

do

nowis_______(devote)yourselftostudyinghard.你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。(表可能性）(表命令）tocarrydevote注意：动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。She

is

to

blame.她应该收到责备。Thehouseistorent.此房出租。补充：To-infinitivesasobjectsThiscompanyrefused_____________(cooperate)withus.A.跟在一些动词后作宾语，如:afford,aim,promise,refuse,decide,manage,hope,expect等。

B.当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，常见动词有find,think,make,consider,feel,believe等。

Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.WefinditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.tocooperate通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定不要假装在选择(hope，wish，want，agree，promise)(demand，ask，refuse)(manage，learn，decide)(pretend，choose)补充：To-infinitivesasobjectcomplements复合句作宾补A.表示“指示,愿望,感觉”等的动词(短语)后常用不定式作宾语补足语，如

ask，tell，teach，permit，forbid，request，invite，force，get，beg，cause，wish，want，intend，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，instruct，allow等词。

Whatcausedhertogiveupherstudies?通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:verb+sb./sth.+todosth.B.有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常用的动词有:make，let，have，see；hear，watch，notice，feel；lookat，listento；help，observe

等。Theboss

made

her

worklonghours.Ⅰ

单句填空1.Now

your

first

important

task

is____________(take)

good

care

of

the

wounded

soldier.2.The

purpose

of

developing

new

technologies

is_____________(make)

life

easier.3.What

we

need

to

do

at

this

critical

moment

is________(stay)

at

home

and

not

meet

people

face-to-face.4.The

duty

of

soldiers

is_______________(defend)

their

motherland

and

protect

their

families.to

taketo

makestayto

defend5.There

is

a

famous

saying,

“To

see

is_______________(believe).”6.____________(save)

time

is

to

lengthen

life.7.It's

a

great

honour

for

me___________________(invite)

and

make

a

speech

here.8.It

is

wise

of

you_____________(teach)

the

children

practical

knowledge.9.It

requires

a

great

deal

of

memorizing

work_______________(master)

a

foreign

language.10.It

took

the

designer

three

whole

days_________________(complete)

that

programme.to

believeTo

saveto

be

invitedto

teachto

masterto

completeRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitivesaccordingtotherequirementsinthebrackets.BApplyingtherulesB1

1.ThenextdishthatthecookwillprepareisKungPaoChicken.

(attributive)

ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.2.Thepreparationofhome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.(subject)

Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./

Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.3.Herdreamisthatshewillopenarestaurantsomeday.(predicative)

Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.4.Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.(adverbialofpurpose)

Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirst(inorder)tocookthemquickly.5.IconsidertheSoupoftheDayasthebestoptiononthemenu.(objectcomplement)IconsidertheSoupoftheDaytobethebestoptiononthemenu.Belowisalifestylemagazinearticle.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.(1)_________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)_________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.LocatedtoseeB2subjectSinceittakesaboutanhour(3)________(turn)thefull360degrees,youareunlikelytogetboredwiththescenery.Ifyouwanttogetthemostwonderfulviews,yourbestbetis(4)_______(sit)bythewindowanhourbeforesunsetandwatchhowtheskychangescolours.Theatmosphereislivelyandmodern,withitswalls(5)________(paint)whiteandlightblue.SkyBuffetservesamenufullofeye-catchingAsiandishes,(6)________(range)fromChinesefoodtoJapanesefood.Itwillbeagoodidea(7)_________(invite)yourfamilyandfriendsoverfordinner.SkyBuffetisconsideredbymanylocals(8)_______(be)theperfectlocationforaspecialoccasion.paintedrangingtoinvitetobetosittoturnsubjectpredicativesubjectsubjectcomplementImagineyourfriendhastakenyououttodinneratSkyBuffet.Writeathank-younotetoyourfriend,offeringtoreturnthefavourbyinvitinghimorhertoyourhomefordinnernextweekend.Remembertouseto-infinitives.

Usetheexpressionsbelowtohelpyou.B3Iamwritingto...Itwassokindofyouto...Itwaswonderfulto...Ihavealwayswantedto...Iwouldlike/loveto...Myplanisto...DearTom, IamwritingtothankyoufortakingmetoSkyBuffet.Itwassokindofyoutoinvitemeandbookatablebythewindow.Itwaswonderfultoseethecitysceneryandwatchthebeautifulsunset.IhavealwayswantedtogiveSkyBuffetatry,anditcertainlyliveduptomyexpectations!Doyouhaveanyarrangementsnextweeke