职称英语综合类A级模拟20

［模拟］职称英语综合类A级模拟20

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Theunionrepresentative(putacross)herargumentveryeffectively.

A.explained

B.invented

C.considered

D.accepted

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第2题：

Hetalkstoughbuthasa(tender)heart.

A.heavy

B.mild

C.kind

D.wild

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第3题：

Itisnouse(debating)therelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.making

B.taking

C.discussing

D.expecting

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第4题：

Ourstatisticsshowthatwe(consume)allthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.waste

B.buy

1

C.use

D.sell

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第5题：

Thefueltankshada(capacity)of140liters.

A.function

B.ability

C.power

D.volume

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第6题：

Ourlivesare(intimately)boundupwiththeirs.

A.tensely

B.nearly

C.carefully

D.closely

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第7题：

Herfaith(upheld)herintimesofsadness.

A.supported

B.excited

C.inspired

D.directed

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第8题：

Thebookprovidesa(concise)analysisofthecountry，shistory.

A.clean

B.perfect

2

C.real

D.brief

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第9题：

Itis(laiddown)intheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheir

membershipcardsatalltimes,

A.suggested

B.warned

C.stated

D.described

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第10题：

Thecouncilmeeting(terminated)at2o'clock.

A.began

B.continued

C.ended

D.resumed

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第n题：

Aredflagwasplacedthereasa(token)ofdanger.

A.sign

B.substitute

C.proof

D.target

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第12题：

Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityis(unwilling)toriskchange.

A.reluctant

3

B.eager

C.pleased

D.angry

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第13题:

IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddid

notmerely(regulate)orenlargeanoldone,

A.manage

B.control

C.revise

D.outset

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第14题：

Thesecretaryisexpectedto(explore)ideasforpost-warreconstruction

ofthearea.

A.deny

B.investigate

C.stress

D.create

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第15题:

The(steadily)risingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatly

increasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.

A.gradually

B.suddenly

C.excessively

D.exceptionally

参考答案：A

答案解析：

4

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选B；如果该句的信息文章中没

有提及，请选C。

TheScienceofPersuasion

Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingsdonethroughothers,then

persuasionisoneoftheleader'sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshave

assumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothe

charismatic（有魅力的）andtheeloquent.Over,thepastseveraldecades,

though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliably

leadpeopletoconcede,comply,'orchange.Theirresearchshowsthat

persuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtand

applied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollow

someonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,

then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewilling

tocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,as

well.Soit'sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuine

praise.

Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletend

totreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'ssoundpolicytodoafavorbefore

seekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisesthey

makevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistoget

commitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodefer

to（月艮从）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executives

shouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethat

it，sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit，s

scarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasive

thanwidelyavailabledata.

第16题：

Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第17题：

Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

5

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第18题：

Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

答案解析：

第19题:

Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Netmentioned

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第20题：

Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendto

treatyouthewayyoutreatthem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第21题：

Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

6

答案解析:

第22题：

Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

答案解析：

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择

1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

KeepingCutFlowers

1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundtheirhouse,few

peopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedone

bykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.

2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyare

sensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcut

carnations（康乃馨）retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkept

at12'（2thanwhenkeptat26'（3.Keepingfreshly,harvestedflowersat

therighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflower

care.

3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Their

biologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,

forpollination（授粉）.Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.The

processbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide（二

氧化碳），calledrespiration（呼吸），generatestheenergytheflowerneeds

togivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodepends

onthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevel

ofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowers

thelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.

Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthe

greaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.

4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrolling

respiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.

Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thus

bymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflower

willagemoreslowly.

7

5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthe

waterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto"drink"water

thatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksand'smells

clean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendanger

theflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,household

chlorinebleach(含氯漂白剂)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itis

recommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beadded

toeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplaced

eachday.

23-26的选项

27-30的选项

[A].ControlofRespiration

[A].bykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolour

[B].BeautyofFreshCutFlowers

[B].inthelifeofcutflowers

[C].RoleofRespiration

[C].toproducecarbondioxide

[D].MostImportantAspectofFlowerCareM.

foraslongaspossible

[E].NeedforCleanWater

[E].bycontrollingtemperature

[F].WaysofStoppingRespiration

[F].toreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday

第23题：

Paragraph2

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

第24题：

Paragraph3

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

第25题：

Paragraph4

8

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第26题:

Paragraph5

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第27题：

Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

第28题:

Respirationplaysakeyrole

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第29题：

Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第30题：

Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis

9

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面

有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1

个最佳答案。

弟一篇

“Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplants

thatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmay

enableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,from，SussexUniversity，sSchoolof

BiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,such

asrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedby

theBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablish

whichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimis

tobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公顷）of

agriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨

碍生长）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,

mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformed

barrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseries

ofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawaterto

seep（渗透）in.InLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhen

waterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioning

normally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawing

upthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedrice

plantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincells

thatdonotaffecttheplants，growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthese

characteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvests

beforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,

FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmanners

ofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbe

abletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountries

io

oftheworld.

第31题：

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

B.Theyarericebreeders.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第32题：

FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

B.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

C.tobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

D.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第33题：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

intipassage?

A.Naturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind,

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第34题：

Theword"affect"inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A.”influence”.

B.”effect”.

C.〃stop〃.

D.present.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

11

第35题:

Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

A.positive.

B.negative.

C.suspicious.

D.indifferent.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

钻一管

弟一^扁

Ford'sAssemblyLine

Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifference

inallourlives,youcannotoverlookHenryFord.Ahistorianacentury

fromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedall

manufacturing,everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwayto

makecars一one,strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses（屠

宰场）.

Backintheearly1900%,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeen

calleda"disassemblyline”.Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwould

speedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.

Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofits

elementswasplacedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,added

anothercomponenttoit,thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshell

oftheUniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrialdevelopment,tells

whathappened:

“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshad

averagedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,the

assemblyteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.〃

Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,

Fordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembled

vehiclesweretowed（拖，拉）pastworkerswhocompletedthem，onepiece

atatime.Itwasn，tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundred

thousandcarsayear,aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientand

economicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,

to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,

couldnotaffordthem.Soon,automakersovertheworldcopiedhim.In

fact,heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhis

innovations,entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehas

arrived.Today,aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation（自动化），

12

everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.

第36题：

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?

A.Heintroducedanewwayofproduction.

B.Heinfluencedallmanufacturing.

C.Heinspiredotherautomakers.

D.Hechangedthemindsofhistorians.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

第37题：

Thewritermentions"slaughterhouses"becausetheyweretheplaceswhere

A.Ford，sassemblylineoriginated.

B.Fordmadehisfirstcar.

C.Fordreadjustedtheassemblyline.

D.Fordinnovatedthedisassemblyline:

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第38题：

Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor

A.anautomobile.

B.aproductionline.

C.apartofanautomobileengine.

D.adisassemblyline.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第39题：

Thephrase"turningout"inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby

A.”producing”.

B.”selling”.

C.buying.

D.fixing,

参考答案：A

答案解析：

13

第40题：

TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord

A.tocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed.

B.towriteabookonhistory.

C.toreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260.

D.tocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第三篇

Play

Playistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyears

researchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofa

humanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy,everychildneedsopportunityandthe

rightmaterialsforplay,andthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmain

functionistosuggest,encourageandassistplay.Tosucceedinthisthey

mustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,andwillcomeback

toagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfor

differentstagesofachild，sdevelopment.

Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthe

standardachildislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinherited

abilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.

Soababy，sabilitytoprofitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnot

beunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedandstimulated,talkedtoand

shownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingup

successfully.

Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknows

nobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,

fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisown

particularability.Bricksandjigsaws（七巧板）andconstructiontoys;

painting,scribbling（涂鸦）andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toys

forimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocialgamesforlearning

toplayandgetonwithothers.

Bythethirdstageofplaydevelopment一fromfivetosevenor

eightyears一thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayis

stillthebestwayoflearning,athomeoratschool.Itiseasiertosee

whichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.Untiltheageofseven

oreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.Butoncereading

hasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemainsourceoflearning.

Toysarestillinterestingandvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,but

14

theirsignificancehaschanged一toachildofnineortenyears,toys

andgamesmean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.

第41题：

Thepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsup

A.heshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.

B.heshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.

C.heshouldbegivendifferenttoys.

D.heshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第42题：

Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhis

parents

A.determinehischaracter.

B.willnotchangeaftertheageofthree.

C.partlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.

D.toalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第43题:

Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully?

A.Thosewhotendtoovereat.

B.Thosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.

C.Thosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith,

D.Thosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第44题：

Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity

A.whenheistwo.

B.whenheisaroundfour.

C.whenheissix.

D.whenheiseight.

参考答案：B

15

答案解析:

第45题:

Thepassageismainlyabout

A.theimportanceofpre-schooleducation,

B.theimportanceofschooling.

C.theroleofplayinachild，sdevelopment.

D.thechoiceoftoysforadolescents.

参考答案：c

答案解析：

补全短文阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6

组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有

位置，以恢复文章原貌。

ScienceandTechnology

Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceand

technology.___46___Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsand

relationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwith

establishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsand

relationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,and

proceduresforapplyingthefindingsofscience.___47___

Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,who

seektounderstandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighest

degreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownor

otherpeople，slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitness

ofthings.___48___Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobe

useful;besides,wehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardly

sowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesound

producedbyasupersonic（超音速的）aircraftflyingoverhead;wecannot

refusetobreathepollutedair.___49___Thepurposeoftechnologyisto

servepeople一peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuture

generations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantagefor

themselves.

___50___Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespread

pollution,resourcedepletion（枯竭）andevensocialdecayingeneral——

somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis"obscured”.Thatpromiseis

acleanerandhealthierworld,Ifwiseapplicationsofscienceand

technologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill?

[A].Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodo

withtheprogressineach.

16

[B].Unlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredin

termsofthehumanfactor.

[C].Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople一asdid

Darwin,stheoryofevolution.

[D].Scienceandtechnologyaredifferent.

[E].Weareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology,

[F].Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;

technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.

第46题：

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第47题:

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第48题：

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

第49题：

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第50题:

参考答案:

17

E

详细解答:

完形填空阅读厂面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出

了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

CostasaFactorinSupply

Inapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandservices

hasnocontroloverthemarketprice,becauseheproducestoolittleto

influencemarketconditions.Withnodifferencebetweenhisproductsand

theproducts___51___hiscompetitors,hewillsellnothingifhecharges

abovethemarketpriceandhewillsellallifhechargesator___52___the

marketprice.However,inconsideringtheprice,hemusttake

the___53___ofproductionintoconsideration.Therearetimeswhenhemay

bewillingtosellbelowhiscost.Thismighthappenwhenpricestumble

for54hebelieveswillbeashorttime.However,nobusinessperson

can55tolosemoneyforaprolongedperiod.Hemustbe

constantly___56___ofhiscost