2025版新教材高中英语Unit9HumanBiology课时作业六单元小测北师大版选择性必修第三册

课时作业(六)单元小测必备学问基础练进阶训练第一层Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Beijingiscarryingoutthepolicyofgarbage________(分类).2．Theheartisanimportant________(器官)whosefunctionistopumpbloodtoallpartsofthebody.3．Ineedto________(计算出)ourexpensethismonth.4．Theplanreceived________(广泛的)supportthroughoutthecountry.5．Theforeignmarketwasincreasingly________(至关重要的).6．Hervoicetrembledwith________(心情).7．Mywatchisnotvery________(精确的).IthinkIneedtorepairit.8．Theannouncement________(激起)astormofprotest.9．Tirednessisoneofthemostcommon________(症状)ofstress.10．Nearlyallthehouseslook________(完全相同的)here.Youcanhardlytellonefromanother.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Wewillhavea________(system)revisionattheendofthesemester.2．Peopleusuallycleanthehouse________(thorough)beforeNewYear.3．Shefeltvery________(depress)aboutthefuture.4．Thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing________(steady).5．Tolovesomeoneistoseeamiracle________(visible)toothers.6．Qingdaoisanattractivecity________(locate)ontheeasterncoastofChina.7．Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,________(compare)withhisoldone.8．It'sverydifficulttotreat________(gene)diseases.9．Thereisawide________(vary)ofpatternstochoosefrom.10．Hemadean________(officially)visittoTokyoinMarch.Ⅲ.单句写作1．他把美式英语和英式英语进行了比较。(drawaparallelbetween...and...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．这些橘子没我上星期买的好。(beinferiorto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．这家商店就在市中心。(belocatedin)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．这些机器人过去一年都在试用当中。(ontrial)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．她坚决反对移居国外的想法。(beopposedto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．大量食用垃圾食品会对儿童的健康构成威逼。(poseathreatto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了。(incomparisonwith)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是闲谈。(It'sestimatedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________关键实力提升练进阶训练其次层Ⅰ.阅读AIfyou'veeverhadadog,youknowjusthowdeepaconnectionyoucandevelopwith“man'sbestfriend”.Butadog'slifeismuchshorterthanhumans,about12to15yearslong,whichmeanseverydogownerhastogothroughtheheartbreakingmomentwhentheirlovingpetpassesaway.Whynotmakeacloneofthatdogthen?ThisisthesolutionofferedbyaSouthKoreancompany,SooamBiotechResearchFoundation.Thecompanyhasalreadysuccessfullyclonedatleast400dogs,mostlyforUScustomers,eversinceitpioneeredthetechniquein2005.Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.Tocloneadog,researchersfirstneedtotakeaskincellfromalivingdogoronethathasjustdied.Meanwhile,anotherdogisselectedtosupplyanegg.ResearchersthenreplacetheDNAintheeggwiththatfromtheskincellandimplanttheeggintothewomb(子宫)ofafemaledog.Theegggrowsintoapuppyoverthefollowingtwomonths.Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000.Butifyoucan'tafforditnow,youcanalsosavethecellinalaboratoryandaccessitatalaterdate.However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.Justlikeidenticaltwinsofhumans,theysharetheexactlysameDNAbuttherewillstillbesmalldifferencesbetweenthem.“ThespotsonaDalmatian(斑点狗)clonewillbedifferent,forexample，”InsungHwang,headofSooamBiotech,toldTheGuardian.Dogownerswillalsohavetoacceptthefactthatpersonalityisnot“cloneable”.Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldTheTelegraph.Perhapsbringingourdogsbackbycloningisnotthebestwaytorememberthemafterall.Kirkwood,adogownerhimself,pointedout,“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”1．WhatservicedoesSooamBiotechResearchFoundationoffer?A．Makingcopiesofpetdogs.B．Givingpetdogsidenticaltwins.C．Helpingdogsgivebirthtomorepuppies.D．Helpingdogownerslovetheirdogsmore.2．Whichorderiscorrectinthedogcloningprocess?a．Aneggistakenfromanotherdog.b．Askincellistakenfromthepetdog.c．Theegggrowsintoapuppyintwomonths.d．Theeggisplacedinthewombofafemaledog.e．TheDNAintheeggisreplacedbytheDNAfromtheskincell.A．a→d→b→e→c.B．a→e→b→d→c.C．b→a→d→e→c.D．b→a→e→d→c.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutdogcloningfromthepassage?A．Ithasnotbeenputintopracticeuntilrecently.B．ItisverypopularamongUSandUKpetowners.C．Itmightnotgivetheownersanexactlysamedog.D．Itisveryexpensiveandusuallytakeshalfayeartocomplete.4．WhatdoesKirkwoodthinkofdogcloning?A．Hedisagreeswithit.B．Hesupportsit.C．Heiscuriousaboutit.D．Hethinksitunbelievable.BThediseasemalaria(疟疾)hascausedmankindtroublethroughouthistory.Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.Everycountryintheworldthenpouredlargequantitiesofhumanresourcesintodiscoveringanotherantimalarialdrug.In1964,ChinaputforwardtheplantobreaknewgroundintraditionalChinesemedicinalherbs.Therewasnogreatdiscoveryuntil1981,whenChinesescientistTuYouyougaveaspeechtitled“ChemicalResearchintoArtemisinin(青蒿素)”ataninternationalconferenceoftheWHO.Thespeechwasregardedasalifelineformalariasufferers.TuYouyougraduatedfromPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter.In1969,justastheresearchintotreatingmalariahadreachedadeadend,39－year－oldTu,inordertoovercomethisterribleproblem,tookonthejobasheadofaresearchteamofthisproblem.ThefirstthingTudidwasinterviewexperienceddoctorsofChinesemedicine.ThensheandhercolleaguesconductedvariouskindsofexperimentsonhundredsofkindsofChinesemedicinalherbs,includingtheartemisia.However,theresultsweredisappointing:eventhoseinvolvingartemisinin,whichhadbeenuniversallywell－regarded,werelessthansatisfactory.Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.ThediscoveryhelpedTuandherresearchteamtothinkoutsidethebox.Finally,in1972,artemisininwasfoundtobeonehundredpercenteffectiveagainstthedisease!In2000WHOannouncedartemisininwasaleadingantimalarialdrug,andpromoteditworldwide.Sofar,ithasbeenplayingagreatroleinthebattleagainstmalaria.Attheageof39,Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.HowdidTumanagetoaccomplishsuchagreatachievement?Youprobablyhavetheanswertothatalready.5．Whatcanbelearntabout“chloroquine”fromParagraph1?A．ItcontributedtoTu'sgreatdiscovery.B．ItwasdiscoveredbyexpertsinSoutheastAsia.C．ItwasabreakthroughoutofChinesemedicine.D．Itusedtobeeffectiveagainstthediseaseofmalaria.6．WhatdidTuYouyoudoafterreadingapassagebyGeHong?A．Sheintervieweddoctorstocollecttheirexperience.B．Sheattemptedtoheattheextractatalowtemperature.C．Shemadenecessaryadjustmentsineachstageofherresearch.D．Sheexpandedaccesstotheantimalarialdrugaroundtheworld.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainreasonforTu'ssuccess?A．Youreapwhatyousow.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.D．Liveandlearnthroughyourmistakesorexperience.Ⅱ.七选五Ifsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.__1__Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(记住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemories.Short－termorworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople'sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform.__2__Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshort－termmemory.__3__Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(使形象化)theinformationinasurprisingwayandlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!__4__Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.__5__Inthisactivityyou'lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A．Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B．Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C．Short－termmemoryhastheshortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D．Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E．Retainingtheinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F．Yourshort－termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G．However,theyareprovedtobegoodwaysofimprovingmemorybyscientists.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.完形填空MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.Hehastheabilityto__1__positivenesstoyoungstudents.Healwayssmilesandnevergets__2__atstudents.OnceImetsome__3__becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Grief__4__mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall__5__whenImetmyteacherforlife,Mr.Bush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept__6__me.BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit__8__becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot__9__afterthecloseofMr.Bush'sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat__10__ahalf－fullglassofwater.Hethenuttered,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill__11__yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’Itallisinthe__13__youthink.”Mr.Bush's__14__wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand__15__.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.1．A.passonB．applyforC．bemadeupofD．giveup2.A.strictB．patientC．madD．curious3．A.friendsB．needsC．realitiesD．difficulties4．A.drownedB．resistedC．curedD．relaxed5．A.happenedB．changedC．solvedD．included6．A.forgivingB．calmingC．encouragingD．calling7．A.sunshineB．fearC．surpriseD．disappointment8．A.cheerfulB．downC．eagerD．afraid9．A.warmerB．higherC．betterD．happier10．A.servedB．filledC．boughtD．showed11．A.hurtB．careaboutC．giveawayD．affect12．A.pleasedB．unfortunateC．brightD．perfect13．A.wayB．directionC．endD．past14．A.differentB．optimisticC．specialD．important15．A.proudB．carefulC．lonelyD．hopeful[答题区]1～5________6～10________11～15________Ⅳ.语法填空AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD,aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe1.________(witness)asayoungman.TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.Thetragedyleft2.________deepimpressiononPliny3.________hadlostanuncleintheeruption.However,morethan1，600yearslater,some4.________(science)foundthatthelosttownshadbeenburiedundertheashofMountVesuvius.Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”5.________(preserve)afrozenmomentinhistory.6.________theeruptionoccurred,7.________hadbeenaboomingRomancitywithtemples,markets,restaurantsandtheaters.Todayyoucanvisitthesebuildingsbywalkingalongthe8.________(origin)streetsofthecity.And9.________(many)than250yearssinceexcavationsstarted,thousandsoftouristsandhundredsofscientistsvisitPompeiieveryyear10.________(learn)moreabouttheancientworld.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________Ⅴ.写作(共两节)第一节应用文写作假定你是李华。你的外籍老师John本准备春季开学时返回中国，现因英国的新冠肺炎(COVID－19)疫情待在伦敦家中。你在英语学习中遇到了一些困难，请给他写一封电子邮件寻求帮助。内容如下：1．询问John的健康状况；2．告知学习中的困难；3．恳求帮助。留意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次节读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Marywaitedanxiouslyforherturnintheemptydressingroom.Neverhadshebeensonervousbefore.Thiscompetitionwasofvitalimportancetohercomeback.“IfIcanwintoday，”shesaidtoherself,“Icandanceonthenationalstagenextmonth.”Threemonthsago,herleftarmwasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.Afterthemedicaltreatment,shebegantorecoverslowly.Shepractisedoverandoveragaininordertoregainherdancingskills.“Hi,Mary，”inrushedherfriendJessica.“Howisyourarm?Isitgoingtoinfluenceyourperformance？”“IguessitcanbetoleratedforIamtowinthematch，”saidMarywithadeterminedlook.“Admirable!ButIhearthatagirlcalledLindaisreallygiftedandstrong.Shecanbeyourrealwell－matchedcompetitor.Comeon！”AfterJessicaleft,Marydecidedtopractisehermostdifficultspin.“IfIdon'ttryharder,Iwon'tgraspthischance，”shethought.Butherarmbegantohurt,makingherworried.“Mary,whatmakesyouthinkyouhaveachancetonight？”shesaidtoherself.Afterthepainwasgone,shecontinuedtowarmup.Aslimgirlhurriedinandputdownanequipmentbagonthechair.Then,shetookoutherdancedressquicklyandputitonskilfully.SeeingMary,shesmiledpolitelyandsaid,“Hi,I'mLinda.Iamhereforthecompetition！”Marynoddedinreplybutfeltuncomfortable.“Thisisjustmycompetitor.Becauseofher,Imaylosetonight.”HermindwaswanderingwhenLindaletoutascream,“Oh,Ican'tfindmymusictape！”Lindasearchedherbagbutinvain.“Itmaybemissingontheway.”Withthesewords,shethenrushedout.留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Suddenly,MarycaughtsightofablackboxunderthechairwhereLindaputherbag.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hearinghernamecalled,Marywalkedonthestagewithherheartbeatingfasterandfaster.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课时作业(六)单元小测必备学问基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．an3.calculate4.widespread5．voked9.symptoms10．identicalⅡ.单句语法填空1．systematic2.thoroughly3.depressed4.steadily5.invisible6．located7pared8.genetic9.variety10.officialⅢ.单句写作1．HedrewaparallelbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2．TheseorangesareinferiortothoseIboughtlastweek.3．Thebusinessislocatedrightinthecitycentre.4．Theserobotshavebeenontrialforthepastyear.5．Sheisstronglyopposedtotheideaofmovingabroad.6．Eatinglotsofjunkfoodposesathreattochildren'shealth.7．Incomparisonwithlastyear,thepriceofbeefhasincreased.8．It'sestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.关键实力提升练Ⅰ.阅读A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克隆狗技术。1．答案与解析：A考查细微环节理解。依据其次段最终一句“Now，SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones”可知，这家公司所供应的服务就是克隆已逝的宠物狗。故选A。2．答案与解析：D考查细微环节理解。依据对第三段的整体理解可知，试验的第一步是从狗身上提取皮肤细胞，另一只被选择的狗供应一个卵子，将卵子中的DNA替换成皮肤细胞中的DNA之后，将卵子植入一只母狗的子宫，最终卵子在接下来的两个月中生长为一只小狗。故选D。3．答案与解析：C考查细微环节理解。依据第五段第一句“However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.”可知，克隆狗和原来的狗可能并非完全一样。故选C。干扰项分析：A项错在这项技术最近才投入运用，这与其次段中提到的“itpioneeredthetechniquein2005”不符；B项文中没有提及；D项与第四段第一句“Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000”不符，故解除A、B、D三项。4．答案与解析：A考查观点看法。依据最终一段Kirkwood说的话“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo”可知，他认为人类和宠物狗之间的关系的一个重要方面是要接受失去它们的苦痛；由此可推知，Kirkwood并不赞成克隆狗。故选A。B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了屠呦呦对疟疾患者的救命稻草青蒿素的探讨历程，85岁的屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。5．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中的“Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.”可知，19世纪60年头，随着氯喹起先失效，疟疾起先在东南亚重新出现。由此可知，氯喹过去对疟疾是有效的。故选D。6．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据文章第三段中的“Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.”可知后来屠呦呦发觉了晋朝葛洪的一篇相关文章，她意识到高温会破坏青蒿素的功效，它须要低温才能正常发挥作用。由此可知，屠呦呦读了葛洪的一篇文章后，她试图用低温加热提取物。故选B。7．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的Attheageof39，Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.可知从39岁起先，屠呦呦起先献身于她的探讨。2015年，85岁的她获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。由此可推知，屠呦呦脚踏实地，毕生投入到青蒿素的探讨当中，故“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”最能概括屠呦呦胜利的主要缘由。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助提高记忆力的方法和技巧。1．答案与解析：B依据下文“因此，它将试图丢弃看起来过时或无关紧要的信息”可知，B项(我们的大脑总是在找寻新的、有用的信息。)符合语境。故选B。2．答案与解析：C依据下文“在短期记忆中人们不须要停下来想，来记住一些东西”可知，C项(短期记忆的持续时间很短，但运用起来快速且简洁。)符合语境。故选C。3．答案与解析：A依据下文“这些技巧包括以一种令人惊异的方式将信息形象化和将信息碎片联系在一起，从而一个片段让你想起另一个片段”可知，A项(有很多提高记忆的技巧。)符合语境。A项中的techniques与空后的Suchtechniques相呼应。故选A。4．答案与解析：D依据下句“假如你须要购买谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和鸡蛋，你可以想象谷物在碗里，牛奶倒在上面，上面有几块水果”可知，D项(此外，将信息联系在一起可以帮助你记住你的购物清单。)符合语境。故选D。5．答案与解析：G依据上句“这些看起来很简洁，甚至有些愚蠢。”推断下句是与上句构成转折的内容，G项“然而，它们被科学家证明是提高记忆力的好方法。”符合语境。故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲解并描述了作者的老师是一个极其乐观的人，他有实力把主动的一面传递给学生，他乐观的思维方式总是让作者感到兴奋和充溢希望。1．答案与解析：A考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他有实力把主动的一面传给年轻的学生。passon传给；applyfor申请；bemadeupof由……组成；giveup放弃。由下文可知，Mr.Bush总是会让懊丧的学生兴奋起来，故他有实力把主动的一面传给年轻的学生。故选A。2．答案与解析：C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他总是微笑，从不生学生的气。strict严格的；patient耐性的；mad生气的；curious新奇的。依据上文“Healwayssmilesandnevergets”可知，Mr.Bush总是微笑，从不会生学生的气。故选C。3．答案与解析：D考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困难，因为我感觉我的哥哥使我黯然失色，他好像在各方面都做得很好。friend挚友；need须要；reality现实；difficulty困难。依据下文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother，whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway”可知，作者遇到了一些困难。故选D。4．答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我在教室里，哀痛就沉没了我。drown沉没；resist反抗；cure治愈；relax使放松。依据上文可知，作者始终活在哥哥的阴影下，故应是哀痛沉没了作者。故选A。5．答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我见到我终生的老师——Mr.Bush时，那一切都变了。happen发生；change变更；solve解决；include包括。依据下文Mr.Bush激励作者，最终作者振作了起来可知，当作者见到Mr.Bush时一切都变了。故选B。6．答案与解析：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：弄清了我的问题后，他只是始终激励我。forgive宽恕；calm使安静；encourage激励；call呼叫。依据下文“BecauseofMr.Bush，myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.”可知，由于Mr.Bush的激励，作者的世界充溢了阳光和力气。故选C。7．答案与解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为Mr.Bush，我的世界充溢了阳光和力气。sunshine阳光；fear胆怯 ；surprise惊异；disappointment悲观。依据下文的power可知，Mr.Bush的激励让作者的世界充溢阳光和力气。故选A。8．答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个星期前，我们班的每个人都因为那一天在学校的糟糕表现而感到有点懊丧。cheerful兴奋的；down懊丧的；eager渴望的；afraid胆怯 的。依据下文“becauseofabaddayatschool”可知，学生在学校表现糟糕，故感到懊丧。故选B。9．答案与解析：C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在Mr.Bush的课结束后，状况有所好转。warmer更暖和的；higher更高的；better更好的；happier更兴奋的。依据下文Mr.Bush画了一张半杯水的图，告知同学们思维方式不一样，看问题的角度就不一样，同学们又都兴奋起来可知，Mr.Bush的课结束后，状况好起来了。故选C。10．答案与解析：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在白板上画了一幅画，画上显示的是半杯水。serve服务；fill充溢；buy买；show显示。依据下文“Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow’I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，Mr.Bush的画上显示的是半杯水。故选D。11．答案与解析：D考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意：然后他说，“同学们，你们看事情的角度会影响你的感受……”。hurt损害；careabout关切；giveaway分发；affect影响。依据下文的“Itallisinthe__13__youthink.(一切都取决于你怎么想。)”可知，Mr.Bush想要告知同学们，你看事情的角度会影响你的感受。故选D。12．答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：……就像这杯水；有些人看到它就想‘什么！只有半杯水。我真不幸’……。pleased兴奋的；unfortunate不幸的；bright光明的；perfect完备的。由下文的“Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow，I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，此处表示对比，有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。故选B。13．答案与解析：A考查名词词义辨析，句意：“……这一切取决于你思索的方式。”way方式；direction方向；end结局；past过去。由上下文可知，Mr.Bush给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图，告知他们有的人对此持主动的看法，有的人对此持消极的看法。故应是想告知同学们：你看事情的角度会影响你的感受，这一切取决于你思索的方式。故选A。14．答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mr.Bush乐观的思维方式总是让我感到兴奋和充溢希望。different不同的；optimistic乐观的；special特别的；important重要的。依据文章首句“MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.”可知，Mr.Bush是一个乐观的人，故他乐观的思维方式总是让我感到兴奋和充溢希望。故选B。15．答案与解析：D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mr.Bush乐观的思维方式总是让我感到兴奋和充溢希望。proud傲慢的；careful当心的；lonely孤独的；hopeful充溢希望的。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush总是用他主动的思维方式影响着作者，故应是让作者感到兴奋和充溢希望。故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空【语篇解读】本文介绍了闻名的古罗马城市庞贝的一些状况。大约在公元一世纪末，一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家描写了一次可怕的火山喷发掩埋了庞贝古城，但是这座城市的地貌却被很完整地保存了下来。现在每年仍有成百上千的游客和科学家来这里参观，了解这段古老而又神奇的历史。1．答案与解析：hadwitnessed