电力专业英语阅读与翻译 课件 3-Characteristics of Most Power Systems、4-Transmission System and Transmission Lines

电力专业英语(3)CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems1.Waterreleasedfromthereservoirflowsthroughaturbine,spinningit,whichinturnactivatesageneratortoproduceelectricity.尝试翻译1.Waterreleasedfromthereservoirflowsthroughaturbine,spinningit,whichinturnactivatesageneratortoproduceelectricity.生词n.

水库，蓄水池reservoirv.

使快速旋转，扭转spin

翻译从水库释放的水流过涡轮机，使其高速旋转，随后带动发电机产生电能。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明句中it代指turbine。whichinturnactivatesageneratortoproduceelectricity也是turbine的定语。在翻译时可以按照句子顺序翻译，注意各部分的相互关系就可以了。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Waterreleasedfromthereservoirflowsthroughaturbine;waterspinstheturbine;theturbineinturnactivatesageneratortoproduceelectricity.CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems2.Suchahydropowerinstallationconsistsofdams,waterways,andconduitsthatformareservoirandchannelthewatertowardtheturbines.尝试翻译2.Suchahydropowerinstallationconsistsofdams,waterways,andconduitsthatformareservoirandchannelthewatertowardtheturbines.生词n.管道，导管；沟渠；泉水，喷泉conduit翻译这种水力发电装置由水坝、水路和引水渠组成，这些形成水库并将水引到涡轮机。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明词组consistof表示“由…构成，包括…”，that引导的定语从句修饰的主体是dams,waterways,andconduits。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Suchahydropowerinstallationconsistsofdams,waterways,andconduits;dams,waterways,andconduitsformareservoirandchannelthewatertowardtheturbines.CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems3.Reservoirscancompensateforthereducedprecipitationduringdryseasonsandfortheabnormalflowsthataccompanyheavyrainsandmeltingsnow.尝试翻译3.Reservoirscancompensateforthereducedprecipitationduringdryseasonsandfortheabnormalflowsthataccompanyheavyrainsandmeltingsnow.生词n.降水，降水量；沉淀；仓促precipitationv.

伴随；陪伴；与······同时发生accompany

翻译水库可以补偿旱季减少的降水量以及伴随暴雨和融雪发生的异常水流。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明duringdryseasons是thereducedprecipitation的定语，that引导的定语从句修饰的主体是theabnormalflows。句子谓语compensatefor带的宾语有两个，一是thereducedprecipitation，一是theabnormalflows。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Reservoirscancompensateforthereducedprecipitationduringdryseasons;andReservoirscancompensatefortheabnormalflows;theabnormalflowsaccompanyheavyrainsandmeltingsnow.CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems4.The"head"referstothedifferenceofelevationbetweentheupperreservoirabovetheturbineandthetailraceofdischargepointjustbelowtheturbine.尝试翻译4.The"head"referstothedifferenceofelevationbetweentheupperreservoirabovetheturbineandthetailraceofdischargepointjustbelowtheturbine.生词n.海拔；仰角；提高；正面图elevationn.(水轮，涡轮的)放水路tailrace

翻译“水头”指的是轮机上方的上游水库与轮机下方的排水地点之间的海拔高度的差别（落差）。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明这个句子结构并不复杂，但是涉及很多专业词汇，翻译时要注意。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems5.Ahugeboiler(1)actsasafurnace,transferringheatfromtheburningfueltorowuponrowofwatertubesS1,whichentirelysurroundtheflames.尝试翻译5.Ahugeboiler(1)actsasafurnace,transferringheatfromtheburningfueltorowuponrowofwatertubesS1,whichentirelysurroundtheflames.生词n.汽锅，锅炉boilern.炉子，熔炉furnace

翻译一个巨大的汽锅（1）作为火炉，将燃料燃烧的热量传递给完全被火焰包围的成排的水管S1。flamen.火焰CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明有两个现成的词组，一是rowup，表示“使成排”；一是rowoftubes，表示“管排，成排的管子”。在这里rowuponrowof应该理解为“一排排的，成排的”，注意不要混淆。由which引导的定语从句修饰S1。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems6.Byusinganappropriategeometricaldistributionoftheuraniumfuelwithinthemoderator,thespeedoftheneutronscanbereducedsotheyhavetherequiredvelocitytoinitiateotherfusions.尝试翻译6.Byusinganappropriategeometricaldistributionoftheuraniumfuelwithinthemoderator,thespeedoftheneutronscanbereducedsotheyhavetherequiredvelocitytoinitiateotherfusions.生词n.(原子反应堆的)减速剂，慢化剂moderatorn.中子neutronvelocityn.速度fusionn.合成；聚变，核合成CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明逗号前面的内容如果直译很拗口，需要按照中文的表述习惯对语序作适当的调整。翻译通过铀燃料在缓和剂中采用适当的几何分布，中子的速度可以降低到其他合成的启动速度。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems7.Onlythenwillachainreactiontakeplace,causingthereactortogocritical.尝试翻译7.Onlythenwillachainreactiontakeplace,causingthereactortogocritical.生词adj.关键的；批评的；严重的critical翻译只有这样，才会发生连锁反应，使反应堆变成临界[极限]状态。说明这是一个倒装句。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems8.Tokeepitatanacceptablelevel,aliquidorgashastoflowrapidlythroughthemachinefortocarryawaytheheat.尝试翻译8.Tokeepitatanacceptablelevel,aliquidorgashastoflowrapidlythroughthemachinefortocarryawaytheheat.翻译为使其保持在可以接受的水平，必须有液体或气体迅速流过电机将热量带走。说明值得注意的是for后面用了动词不定式。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems9.Thus,contrarytowhatitsnamewouldleadustobelieve,thecoolantisnotcoolbutsearinglyhot.尝试翻译9.Thus,contrarytowhatitsnamewouldleadustobelieve,thecoolantisnotcoolbutsearinglyhot.生词n.冷冻剂，冷却液，散热剂coolant翻译因而，与其名称要使我们相信的内容恰恰相反，冷却剂不是凉的而是相当灼热的。说明would是虚拟语态用词，并不代表过去时态。searinglyadj.灼热，烫人地CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems10.Wehaveseenthatsplittingthenucleus,orcallednuclearfission,ofaheavyelementsuchasuraniumresultsinadecreaseinmassandareleaseofenergy.尝试翻译10.Wehaveseenthatsplittingthenucleus,orcallednuclearfission,ofaheavyelementsuchasuraniumresultsinadecreaseinmassandareleaseofenergy.生词n./v.

(使)裂变fissionn.铀uranium翻译我们已经看到，像铀这样的重元素的核子分裂——或称为核裂变——会导致质量减少并释放能量。CharacteristicsofMostPowerSystems说明adecreaseinmass和areleaseofenergy在翻译时可以名词动词化。插入到句子中间的orcallednuclearfission描述的内容与splittingthenucleus相同，译成中文时建议用破折号表示。本课程参考教材：朱永强《电力专业英语阅读与翻译》机械工业出版社2024-06电力专业英语(4)TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines1.Asthesystemexpandsandhighervoltagelevelsbecomenecessaryfortransmission,theoldertransmissionlinesareoftenrelegatedtosub-transmissionfunction.尝试翻译1.Asthesystemexpandsandhighervoltagelevelsbecomenecessaryfortransmission,theoldertransmissionlinesareoftenrelegatedtosub-transmissionfunction.生词n.电压等级voltagelevel

翻译随着系统的扩大和更高的电压等级为输电所必需，旧的输电线路往往被移交给中压输电功能。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines说明highervoltagelevelsbecomenecessaryfortransmission与systemexpands并列，在翻译时要尽量避免两部分的字数差别太大。berelegatedto表示“移交给……，推给……”。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines2.Nodefinitecapabilitycanbespecifiedforalineofagivenvoltage,however,becausecapabilityisdependentonthethermallimitsoftheconductor,allowablevoltagedrop,reliability,andrequirementsformaintainingsynchronismbetweenthemachinesofthesystem,whichisknownasstability.尝试翻译2.Nodefinitecapabilitycanbespecifiedforalineofagivenvoltage,however,becausecapabilityisdependentonthethermallimitsoftheconductor,allowablevoltagedrop,reliability,andrequirementsformaintainingsynchronismbetweenthemachinesofthesystem,whichisknownasstability.生词n.发热限制，发热极限thermallimitvoltagedropsynchronismn.电压降落n.同步性，同时性TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines翻译然而，无法为给定电压等级的线路指定确切的容量，这是因为容量取决于导线的发热极限、允许的电压降落、可靠性和维持系统中的发电机同步的要求（这被认为是稳定性）。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines说明however是承接句子前面的其它内容而言的，在翻译时应该提到句首。bedependenton相当于dependon，表示“依赖于，取决于”。beknownas意思是“被认为是……”。句中bedependenton后面带了多个宾语，其中最后一个宾语还有自己的定语从句，为了不影响这些宾语的并列陈述，宾语的定语从句可以以括号内容的形式出现。Which引导的定语从句修饰的主体是synchronismbetweenthemachinesofthesystem。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：However,Nodefinitecapabilitycanbespecifiedforalineofagivenvoltage,becausecapabilityisdependentonthethermallimitsoftheconductor,allowablevoltagedrop,reliability,andrequirementsformaintainingsynchronismbetweenthemachinesofthesystem;synchronismbetweenthemachinesisknownasstability.TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines3.Capacitanceexistsbetweentheconductorsandisthechargeontheconductorsperunitofpotentialdifferencebetweenthem.尝试翻译3.Capacitanceexistsbetweentheconductorsandisthechargeontheconductorsperunitofpotentialdifferencebetweenthem.生词n.电容capacitance翻译电容存在于导体之间，等于导体上的电荷（电量）与导体间的电势差之比。或：电容存在于导体之间，等于导体之间单位电压对应的电量。capacitancen.电导TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines说明这个句子结构并不复杂，翻译的难点在于perunitof如何翻译。AperunitofB表示“单位B上的A”或者“A/B”。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines4.Balanceofthethreephasescanberestoredbyexchangingthepositionsoftheconductorsatregularintervalsalongthelinesothateachconductoroccupiestheoriginalpositionofeveryotherconductoroveranequaldistance.尝试翻译4.Balanceofthethreephasescanberestoredbyexchangingthepositionsoftheconductorsatregularintervalsalongthelinesothateachconductoroccupiestheoriginalpositionofeveryotherconductoroveranequaldistance.生词n.间隔；间隙interval翻译沿线路方向每隔一定间隔就交换导线位置，使每根导线都能占据具有相同输电距离的其它各导线的初始位置，以重建三相平衡。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines说明句子的主语和谓语主干很短，但带有一个很长的状语，即从by开始到句子结尾的全部内容。这个状语短语的结构比较复杂。由sothat引导的从句，说明exchangingthepositions的目的，overanequaldistance是everyotherconductor的定语。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Balanceofthethreephasescanberestoredbyexchangingthepositionsoftheconductorsatregularintervalsalongtheline;exchangingthepositionsoftheconductorssothateachconductoroccupiestheoriginalpositionofeveryotherconductor;theconductorandeveryotherconductorareoveranequaldistance.TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines5.Aluminumconductorshavecompletelyreplacedcopperbecauseofthemuchlowercostandlighterweightofanaluminumconductorcomparedwithacopperconductorofthesameresistance.尝试翻译5.Aluminumconductorshavecompletelyreplacedcopperbecauseofthemuchlowercostandlighterweightofanaluminumconductorcomparedwithacopperconductorofthesameresistance.生词n.铜copper翻译与具有相同电阻的铜导线相比，铝的成本更低，重量更轻，铝导线已经完全取代了铜导线。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines说明becauseof后面接带定语的名词短语时，该名词短语往往不宜直接翻译，很多时候可以处理为主谓结构的短语。例如，themuchlowercostandlighterweightofanaluminumconductor可以翻译为：铝的成本更低，重量更轻。TransmissionSystemandTransmissionLines6.Thetotalnumberofstrandsinconcentricallystrandedcables,wherethetotalannularspaceisfilledwithstrandsofuniformdiameter,is7,19,37,61,91,ormore.尝试翻译6.Thetotalnumberofstrandsinconcentricallystrandedcables,wherethetotalannularspaceisfilledwithstrandsofuniformdiameter,is7,19,37,61,91,ormore.生词n.绳、线，绳、线之一股strand翻译同心绞合电缆内的所有的环形空间都被直径相同的绞线填满，绞线的总股数为7、19、37、61、91或者更多。concentricallyadj.集中的；共中心的，同轴的annularspacen.环形空隙[空间]Trans