平板显示技术C3-TFTLCD-backlight-design

LCD背光模组设计1ColorfilterLCDPCBBacklightmodule液晶显示器的结构实物图平板显示技术_C2LCD_4TFTLCD组成.ppt2contentsSection1I:IntroductiontoFundamentalOptics

II:ApplyOpticstoLGP(light-guidingplate)

Section2

III:AppliedOpticsintheConstructionoftheBack-lightModules

IV:ThefutureoftheBack-lightModules

Section3V：BacklightDesignandSimulation3Themainopticalunitsconstructedinback-lightmodulesprismlensdiffuserLGPreflectorLampreflectorCCFLPatterns(elements)4TheReflectionandRefractionofLight

1,Reflectionandrefractionphenomenawillhappenontheinterfacewhenlighttransportsthroughit.2,thereflectionoflightactsaccordingtothe

reflectionrule.3,therefractionoflightactsaccordingtothe

refractionrule.5TheReflectionRuleofLight

1,insertline(),normal()andreflectline()areonthesameplane.2,insertangleisequaltothereflectionangle.

6TheRefractionRuleofLight

1,,insertline(),normal()andreflectline()areonthesameplane.2,insertangleandrefractionangleactaccordingtothe

Snell’slaw7ThemeaningsoftheSnell’sLaw1,if2,ifWhat’shappenedwhen?8TheCriticalAngleandTotalReflectionWhenandCriticalangleTotalreflectionNormalrefraction9Diffusion

Whenparallellightwavesmovingthroughroughsurfacesorparticles,diffusionwillbeformedbythereasonthatnon-parallelfactorofthenormalforthosesurfacesandparticles.10Thediffusioneffectdependsontheroughnessoftheinterfaceofthemedia.11AppliedopticstoLGP

fundamentalprinciples---

totalreflectionanddiffusiontheopticalpropertiesoftheprintedunitstheopticalpropertiesfordifferenttypesof

reflectionunitsthepropertiesoftheprint-less

LGPs12CriticalanglesandtotalreflectionofLGPCriticalangle13RefractionIndexv.s.LGP(Light-Guidingplate)

RefractionindexproperenergyLGP14Refractionindexv.s.LGPrefractionindexeffectiveareaofluminary15

折射率大者，单位面积能量利用效率较大RefractionIndexv.s.LGP16折射率大小对导光板选择的影响

折射率大者,单位面积有效出光角较小17印刷点的光学性质

印刷点是用高反射或高折射材料混合油墨印刷在导光板的反光侧，藉由改变光路径形成漫射效果导光板反光面出光面印刷点1819印刷点对光能的有效使用率油墨比入射至印刷点单位面积光能量印刷点截面积20油墨比与光能的有效使用率21印刷點截面積,入射至印刷點單位面積光能量與光能的有效使用率22测量与设计的修正量测区域,区域面积23印刷点的极限容易受环境条件改变而缩短寿命受印刷网版网目极限限制dimension(~250m)24无印刷导光板的光学性质

定义:何谓“无印刷”“无印刷”的方法种类

1,机械加工

2,刻蚀

3,薄板取代

4,其它

各种“無印刷”的方法所形成patterns的光学特性25机械加工刻蚀薄板取代26無印刷的定義:

把所需的光反射元件先行轉置在模具上,然後用一體成型得到所要物件的方法無印刷導光板:

用無印刷方法所製作的導光板27機械加工法光反射元件的光學原理與特性V-groovetypeU-groovetype282930反射元件間隙(pitch)的影響31蝕刻法光反射元件的光學原理與特性32薄板取代法:

師法於“半導體”的製程,主要是微小光反射元件,可增加局部區域能量調整的程度intensityintensity33PhotomaskPhotoresistsubstrateParallellightFormthemetalplatebyelectro-forming34各種無印刷方法的比較35背光模組整体结构稜鏡片(prismlens)扩散片(diffuser)导光板(LGP)反射片(reflector)36反射板与导光板间

反射板一般为“扩散反射”,用以增加回授的光能可用率37扩散板与导光板间38Diffuser------prismlens3940ThefutureandchallengeofBacklightmodules1,future:LCDscaleBL2,challenge:(1),Brightness,Uniformity

(2),NotebookthinnerandthinnerMonitorlargerandlarger(3),EL,OLED,…..41AdvancedSPECTERFeatures

OPTOS,MODIFIERS&OBSERVERS

DesignofBacklightIlluminatingSystems

42Polarizationfilter(DBEF)LightGuidingPlate

withmicrodimplesBottomandsidereflectorsLamp(CCFL)LampreflectorPrismsheet(BEF)DiffusesheetParticlesinsideLGPmaterialGeometricalandOpticalComplexityofLightPropagation

atypicalschemeofbacklightsystemTrackingbillionsofstochasticallygeneratedlightraysdemandsanefficientGeneralPurposeRayTracingschemeLighttrackingofmega-,giga-,andtera-deterministicallyor/andstochasticallydistributedmicroelementswithcomplex,diversifiedshapesnecessitatesaProcedurallyorientedRayTracingMultipleinternalreflectionsinLGPMicrogroovesofBEFDimplesonbottomLGPfaceLightscatteringinamediacontainingmultitudeofmicroandnanodenselypackedparticlesdemandsaccommodationofWaveOpticsphenomenaLightreflectioninstochasticmicro-roughnessdemandsaProceduralRayTracingScheme

MicroroughnessonLGPsurfaceFilms,diffusesheets,polarizationfiltersenforcecomplexlighttransformationsincludingpolarizationComplexpolarizationfilter(DBEF)43OPTOSRaisonD’etre:AccurateandEfficientLightTrackinginGeometricallyandOpticallyComplexEnvironmentsTechnologicallyadvancedopticaldevices

arecharacterizedbysimultaneousoccurrence

ofcomplexlightpropagationphenomenaexemplifiedbyLightPolarization,VolumeScattering,WaveEffects,etc.Toaddressthislevelofopticalcomplexityinbothpreciseandefficientfashion,aspecialbranchofclassesofOPTical

ObjectS(OPTOS)hasbeendevisedandincorporatedinSPECTER.OPTOSconceptexample:DIMPLESLGPDimplesonbottomLGPfaceLamp(CCFL)LampreflectorOPTOSboxRayspreadsinasceneandhitsasurfacewithOPTOSRayleavesOPTOSandcontinuesspreadinginthesceneRayistransformedbyOPTOSOPTOSboxDimplesencapsulatedinanOPTOSbox44OPTOSClassesinSPECTEROPTOSVolumeScatteringMicroReliefMicroStructurePolarizedBSDFOPTOSmicrostructureallowsspecificationofdifferentdistributionsofmicroelementswithmillionsandmoredimples,grooves,dots.OPTOSMicroRelief

simulatesroughsurfaces.TheinputdataforthisOPTOScanbeamicro-profiledmeasuredbya3Dscanner.OPTOSpolarizedBSDFallowssimulationandanalysisofthecomplexlightpropagationonfilms,surfaceswithpolarizationproperties,forexamplespecialpolarizationfilterslikeDBEF.OPTOSVolumeScatteringsimulatesmaterialswithcomplexvolumetricproperties:HSOTpolymers,polycrystallineopalglasses,diffusefilms,etc.

DBEFIncidentlightReflectedlightTransmittedpolarizedlight45OPTOS&theirsMODIFIERSSceneobjectOPTOSModifierUserMODIFIERprovidesUserInterfaceforcontrollingOPTOSparametersExample:LGPentranceismicroprofiled

MicroprofileOPTOSisusedforencapsulationOPTOShandleslighttransformationwithinmicroprofileOPTOSparametersareaccessibleviaitsMODIFIERAnyobjectinascenecanbeencapsulatedinanyOPTOS46ExampleofOPTOSModification

InternalproceduraldefinitionsofanOPTOSarecontrolledbyasetofparameterspresentedinitsMODIFIER.MODIEFIERScanbecustomizedtoreflectspecificcustomerneeds.MODIFIERpanelAmicrostructureOPTOSDimplesConstantsizeVariablesize

47OPTOSMicrostructureConstructionAnyshapeofmicroelement(dimple,groove)withallkindsofdistributionspatterns:deterministic,probabilistic,-practicallyunlimitednumberofmicroelements-medium3MicroelementscanbemadefromdifferentmaterialsThegeometryofmicroelementscanbeconstructedfromprimitives

usingBooleanoperations+=ParticipationofmediawithdifferentpropertiesmicrostructureareaExternalgeometry(IGES,DXF,STEP)usedformicroelementdefinition48OPTOSLibrary:MicrostructuresofDimplesandGroovesReady-to-useOPTOSlibrariesallowausertoselectadesiredmicrostructureelementGroovesDimplesRandomArbitrarySelectobjecttypes:Selectadistributiontype:Selectashapeofamicroelement:49OPTOSMicrostructureOperationsThemicrostructurewithvariousshapesofdimplesarbitrarilydistributedoverasurface.Microelementswithcomplexshapescanbedecomposedintosimplerones.

Ausefulpossibility-parametriccontrolofcomplexshapeslikea3Dtrapezoidalprism(variationofanglesa,bandlinearsizesS,L,H).Inverseorientationofmicroelementsrespectingtotheboundarythatseparatesmedia.50OPTOSMicrostructures:DistributionPatternsGroovesLampDesign

PlaneLightEmitterDesign

DesignofInfoSigns

DesignofMidairTypeBacklightDevice

Parasitic(Stray)LightAnalysis

OPTOS

OPTOS:VolumeScattering

OPTOS:PolarizedBSDF

OPTOS:LightScatteringMicrostructures

SPECTER

Specification

Features

Applications

Lastupdate:

Copyright©1997-2005INTEGRAInc.AllRightsReserved.

RandomwithvariabledensityArbitraryRegularwitharbitrarystepChessregularwitharbitrarystepFunctionalIntersectedGroovesXYy1y2x2x151MicroelementwithdifferentopticalpropertiesIntersectionofmicroelementsCombinationofdimplesandgroovesCombinationofdifferentdistributionpatternsOPTOSMicrostructures:AdvancedFeaturesDiffusepropertiesTransparentproperties52ExamplesofBacklightModelsLightGuidingPlatewithmicrodimplesLamp(CCFL)PolarizationfilterBottomandsidereflectorsPrismsheet(BEF)DiffusesheetLampreflector1LightGuidingPlatewithmicrodimples2LEDsReflectorsDiffusesheetLightGuidingPlatewithmicrogroovesontopandbottomfacesLampreflectorsLamps(CCFL)Bottomreflector3LightGuidingPlatewithimprinteddotsLamps(CCFL)LampreflectorsReflectorbox4LGPwithVolumeScatteringReflectorPrismsheets(BEFs)DiffusePlateLamps(CCFL)5LS:CCFLwedge-shapedLGP,severalfilmsLS:LEDs

2DdimpledistributiononthebottomLGPfaceLS:CCFLmicrogroovesonthebottomplateLS:lampsfromeachsideofLGP2DdistributionofimprinteddotsonthebottomLGPfaceLS:multipleCCFLs

VolumeScatteringinLGP53DesignofDifferentPartsofBacklightSystemAbacklightdevicewithCCFLPolarizationfilter(DBEF)LightGuidingPlatewithmicrodimplesBottomandsidereflectorsLamp(CCFL)LampreflectorPrismsheet(BEF)DiffusesheetOptimizationofthelampanditsreflectorformaximumefficiencyOptimizationofmicrodimplesonthebottomLGPfacetoobtainspatiallightuniformityabovetheoutputLGPfaceOptimizationoftheprismsheet(BEF)formaximlightoutput54DesignofLampandLampReflectorzyLampReflectorLampThedesignpurpose:maximallightinputintotheLGPface55DesignofLampandLampReflectorINITIALshapeofLampandLampReflectorisspecifiedbythefollowingparameters:Designcriteria:maximallightinputintoLGPIlluminanceinaplanebehindtheinputLGPfacefortheINITIALshape:1designstep:IncreaseverticalaxisoftheellipticalpartofthelampreflectorIlluminancefordesignstep2:IlluminancefortheFINALdesignstep:2designstep:IncreasetheelseverticalaxisofthelampreflectorFinaldesignstep:shiftthelamptoLGPIlluminancefordesignstep1:CompareIlluminanceforboththeINITIALandFINALvariants.Itisseenthatthedesignpurposeisachieved.56Exampleof1DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometryLGPwithpyramidaldimplesonthebottomfaceLampandLampReflectorReflectorboxThedesignpurpose:LuminanceuniformityabovetheoutputLGPfaceThedesignparameters:1DdimplesdistributionismodifiedacrossthelampAbacklightwithCCFL571DFunctionspecifyingadistributionofmicrodimplesFunctionspecifyingconstantsizesofdimplesFunctionspecifyingvariablesizesofdimplesExampleof1DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometry58Designsteps:DimplessizesfortheINITIALstepLuminanceforINITIALstepDesignstep1:DecreaseofdimplesizesnearthelampLuminanceforstep1LuminancefortheFINALstepINITIAL&FINALvariants

FINALstep:AmoreoptimaltuningExampleof1DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometry59Exampleof2DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometryThedesignparameters:a2DdistributionofdimplesismodifiedalongbothdirectionsLGPwithpyramidaldimplesonthebottomfaceLEDspanelReflectorboxThedesignpurpose:auniformlightdistributionabovetheoutputLGPfaceLEDemittingareaAbacklightwithLED

60A2DTableFunctionspecifiesadistributionofmicrodimplesSpecificationofdimplesizesinthecellsofthe2DtableThelesserdimplesizeinthemiddleofLGPExampleof2DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometry61Designsteps:INITIALstep:Sizesofdimplesareconstant1DLuminancefortheINITIALstepStep1:IncreasingoftableresolutionacrosstheLEDplatetoreducedimplesizesnearLED1DLuminanceforstep1.Theresultisuniform2Dluminanceforthesamestep1isnonuniformFINALstep:IncreasingoftableresolutionalongtheLEDplatetoprovideuniformluminancenearLEDs2DLuminancefortheFINALstepExampleof2DDesignofOPTOSMicrogeometry62ExampleofBacklightwithSpecialFilmsSimulationDiffusesheetPrismsheet(BEF)Amodelofbacklightwithfilms.63SimulationofDiffusefilms.UsageofBi-directionalScatteringDistributionFunction(BSDF)BSDFpropertiesprovidingsimulationofanycomplexscattering(isotropic&anisotropic)propertiesoffilms:DiffusefilmsigmasigmaNormalLightreflectedbyoneofsideofdiffusefilmLightreflectedbyanothersideofdiffusefilmIncidentlightIncidentlightdouble-sidedfunctionallowingforspecificationofdifferentpropertiesfordifferentfilmsidesTopviewDiffusefilmNormalReferencedirectionpsisigmaNormalLighttransformedbydiffusefilmIncidentlightIncidentlightINTEGRAprovidesmeasurementsofBSDFfordifferentfilms.ReflectionTransparencyINTEGRA’smeasurementofBSDFforarealdiffusesheetusedinbacklightdevicemulti-dimensionalfunctiondependingonincidentdirectiondefinedbysigmaand

psiangles64ExampleofBEFSheetDesignTherealgeometryofaBEFisspecifiedviaOPTOSmicrostructureXvYvObservationdirectionThetablespecifiesaprismprofileThedesignpurpose:maximalefficiencyoflightoutputinnormaldirection65LuminanceforabacklightwithoutfilmsExampleofBEFDesignLuminancefortheINITIALstepLuminancefortheFINALstepDesignsteps:BacklightwithoutfilmsBacklightwithadiffusefilmandaninitialshapeofaBEFBacklightwithadiffusefilmandadesignedFINALshapeofaBEF66AngularLightDistributionofBacklightDevicewithBEFAngularIntensityfortheINITIALBEFgeometryAngularIntensityfortheFINALBEFgeometry10

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ObservationdirectionObservationdirectionTopviewofabacklightfortheINITIALstepTopviewofabacklightfortheFINALstep67OBSERVERS:InterrogationofLightingDistributionsObservers(orSensors)interrogatevariouskindsofcalculatedphotometricquantitiessuchas(il)luminance,intensity,andvisualizespatialdistributionsofanypartofthescene.Planeill/luminanceobservercalculates2Dspatialdistributionofill/luminanceoverthespecifiedplaneGonioobservercalculates2DangularintensitydistributionoverwholesphereforthespecifiedobjectLineobservercalculates1Dspatialill/luminancedistributionSectorobservercalculates1Dangularluminancedistribution68OBSERVERS:Visualization

AsimageGonioobserver

AscolorfringeAbacklight

LuminanceobserverAsgraphAsimageAspolargraphAsCartesiangraphAscolorfringe69OBSERVERS:VisualizationAngularluminancedistributionontheSectorobserver1DspatialluminancedistributionontheLineobserver70OBSERVER:ComparisonwithMeasurements

PlaneIlluminance/LuminanceObserversConceptuallyObserversareanequivalentofanopticalsensorArealvariantofluminancemeasurementscheme:ObserverplaneLightisaccumulatedincells.Cellsizescorrespondtothemeasuringspot.ViewingdirectionLightisaccumulatedinthecone.Itcorrespondstothemeasuringangle.

LuminanceobserverViewingdirection71Gonioobserverisananaloguetoaplaneluminanceobserverinrespecttomeasurements.OBSERVER:ComparisonwithMeasurements

GonioObserverLightisaccumulatedincellsofagoniosphere.Anangularsizeofacellcorrespondstomeasuringangle(anangularresolutionofameasuringdevice).Gonioobservercanbeattachedtoanysceneobjectandthisobjectaccumulatesthelights.Theobjectsizecorrespondstothemeasurementsspot.72Line&SectionObservers

Lineobserverinterrogates(il)luminancedistributionalongastraightlinedeterminedfromcameraposition.Sectionsectorobservermakesitpossibletoextracttheone-dimensionalluminancedistributionasafunctionoftheviewingdirectioninagivenplane.Theseobserversareoftheoreticalnatureasthe“sensor”ofthelightintheinfinitesmallpointsandangulardirections.73Accuracyisdefinedasdeviationofcalculatedvaluefromidealobtainableafterinfinitelongcalculation.Accuracyismonitoredduringcalculations.Thereareallnecessarystopcriteriabytime,byaccuracyandbynumberofraystracedfromlightsourcesornumberofregisteredhitsonobserverspecifiedasaccuracysource.AccuracyanditsControlObserverwhereaccuracyiscontrolledCurrentcalculationtimePredictedtimetoachieverequiredaccura