public-speaking-and-Debate-英语公共演讲与辩论

Arepeoplewhoownmorethanonehomeselfish?Chinashouldrestrictprivateownershipofcars.230Christine231EmilyImpromptuspeeches

NormalClass2Doesanall-starcastenhanceordistractafilm’smessage?Universitiesshouldcutoffelectricityindormitoriesatnight.127Kenson111Mathias121BennieImpromptuspeeches

BusinessClass1Mistakesareimportanttolearnaboutlife.Happinessisnotindoingwhatwelikebutinlikingwhatwedo.Confidenceisthefirststeptosuccess.126Karmen105Wilma106Jane114SaraFalsefriendsareworsethanbitterenemies.Explainhowasmartpersonmaynotbewise.IntroductiontoDebateweek8BasicTermsDebate:acompetitioninwhichtwoopposingteamsmakespeechestosupporttheirargumentsanddisagreewiththoseoftheotherteam.Resolution:theopinionaboutwhichtwoteamsargue.Affirmativeteam:agreeswiththeresolution.Negativeteam:disagreeswiththeresolution.Argument:supportsyourpositionontheresolution.(addthistoyourhandout)Rebuttal:explainswhyoneteamdisagreeswiththeotherteam.Judges:decidethewinner.Whystudydebate?Donecorrectly,itbuildsresearchcompetence,medialiteracy,readingcomprehension,argumentliteracy,evidenceevaluation,summarizationandoutlining,publicspeaking,conflictresolution,civildiscussionskills,criticalthinking,andnotetaking.Let’slookateachoneofthose:researchcompetencemedialiteracyreadingcomprehensionargumentliteracyevidenceevaluationsummarizationoutliningpublicspeakingconflictresolutioncivildiscussionskillscriticalthinkingnotetakingDonepoorly,debatecanbe:peopleyellingateachotherstudentsreadingfromscriptsthattheydidn'twriteStudentsneedtheskillsassociatedwithdebatefirst.So,let’slookatsomeskills.CriticalThinkinginDebateReadthehandout.Eachstudentshouldreadoneortwosentencesandpassthemicrophone.ArgumentationRememberAREAnargumentisanassertion,reasoning,andevidence.Anassertionisastatementthatsomethingisso.Reasoningisthe"because"partofanargument,andevidenceisthe"forexample"part,thatsupportsthereasoning.It'susedtovalidateorsupportthereasoning.OpinionsandReasonsAresolutionisanopinionaboutwhichtherecanbevaliddisagreement.Debaterseitheragreeordisagreewiththeresolutionregardlessofwhattheypersonallybelieve.Anopinioncanbeintroducedbyanopinionindicator:“Ithink/believethatsmokingshouldbebannedinpublicplaces…”Areasonexplainswhythatopinionisheldandcanbeintroducedbyareasonindicator:“because/sincesecondhandsmokeisharmfulfornonsmokers.”StrongReasonsversus

WeakReasonsAstrongreasonhasthefollowingqualities:itlogicallysupportstheopinionitisspecificandstatestheideaclearlyitisconvincingtoamajorityofpeopleweakorstrong?Smokingshouldbebannedinpublicplacesbecause:itisbad.itgivespeoplebadbreathandmakestheirteethyellow.secondhandsmokeisharmfulfornonsmokers.Withapartner,thinkofatleastonestrongreasonforeachresolution:Womenshouldquittheirjobsaftertheygetmarried.Loveismoreimportantthanmoney.Itisbettertobemarriedthansingle.Writingbyhandisbetterthanwritingbycomputer.Compareyourreasonwithanotherpairofstudents.Decidewhosereasonsarestrongerandwhy.Supportconsistsofevidence.

(takenotes)Therearefourkindsofevidence:ExampleCommonSenseStatisticsExpertOpinionExamplefromyourownexperienceorfromwhatyouheardorread“Forexample/forinstance/letmegiveanexample,wheneverIgotoarestaurantorbarandtherearepeoplesmokingnearme,IfeelthatIambreathingtheirsmoke.ThismakesmeasmokereventhoughIdon’twanttobe.”CommonSensethingsthatyoubelieveeverybodyknows.“Everyoneknows/if…then/it’scommonknowledgethatsecondhandsmokeisveryunhealthyfornonsmokers.”Statisticsnumbers–thiscomesfromresearch!“Secondhandsmokecausesabout250,000respiratoryinfectionsininfantsandchildreneveryyear,resultinginabout15,000hospitalizationseachyear.”ExpertOpiniontheopinionsofexperts–thiscomesfromresearch!Accordingto/toquote/thebook___says“AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,“secondhandsmokecausesapproximately3,000lungcancerdeathsinnonsmokerseachyear.”GeneratingResolutionsIssuesaboutwhichpeoplearelikelytodisagreeworkbestfordebate.Theycanbecontroversial:thedeathpenaltyshouldbebannedorlessdivisive:loveismoreimportantthanmoney.BrainstormalistofresolutionsWritetheresolutionasastatement.Choosetopicsthatyouareinterestedinorthatareinthenewsnow.Rememberthattopicsaboutwhichpeopl