2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一某中学高一（上）期末英语试卷（A卷）（附答案详解）

2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一高级中学高一（上）期末

英语试卷（A卷）

A

AbsolutelyUnputdownableBooksYouHavetoRead

FlowersforAlgernon

DanielKeyes

Ifyou'reseekingapleasantread,trythisshortstorybyDanielKeyes.He'llshowyouhowapersonfeels

goingfromasimplecleaneratabakery,whoseIQislessthan60,toageniusandthemostintelligent

personontheplanet.Inasituationlikethis,isitpossibletoovercomeyourfearsandcopewithloneliness?

Keyesoffershisanswertothisquestion.

OrphansoftheSky

RobertA.Heinlein

Agiantgenerationshipissailingwithoutguidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershave

longforgottentheoutsideworldandbelievedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷

信）.ThisnovelhasbroughtHeinleinwiderecognition,andwillgraspyoutightandwon'tletyougofor

months（orevenyears）afterward.Arewe,thedigitalgeneration,differentfromthepassengersofthat

imaginaryspaceship?

95PoundsofHope

AnnaGavalda

Adaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience,thisstoryisaboutthemainthingsinlife：choiceswemake,

thepowerofloveanddevotion.Thestoryofathirteen-year-oldboywhoonedayhastogatherallhis

strengthandcourageandtakeasteptowardsadulthoodprovesonceagainthatdreamsdocometrue.After

alhnomatterhowmanypoundswehave,we'realltryingnottolosehope.

ACertainSmile

FrancoiseSagan

Ifyoudon*tenjoythrillersorsci-fiandstoriesaboutdragon-ridingdetectives,ifyouYelongingfor

somethingemotional,slowandgentle,thisbeautifullittlebookbyFrancoiseSaganisjustwhatyou

need.Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors,it'sapleasantexceptionamongtraditional

romancenovels：you'llfindalloftheadvantagesofhigh-qualityliteraturehere.Andyes,it'sareal

turner.

1.WhatkindofbookisOrphansoftheSky?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Ahistoricalnovel.

C.Adetectivestory.D.Afairytale.

2.Whatisspecialabout95PoundsofHope?

A.Itisnotsuitableforadultreaders.

B.Itisaboutaboyservinginarmy.

C.Itisbasedlooselyonatruestory.

D.Itbroughtitsauthorgreatfame.

3.Whichisthebestchoicefbrsomeonesufferingfrommentalillness?

A.FlowersforAlgernon.B.OrphansoftheSky.

C.95PoundsofHope.D.ACertainSmile.

B

Themosteye-catchingperformancefromthefinalweekendoftheU.S.OlympicTrackandFieldTrials

didn'tbreakaworldrecordorsendateenagertoTokyo.ButLindsayFlachstillbecametheshining

star.LindsayFlachcompetedintheheptathlon（七项全能）18weekspregnantandshowedoffagrowing

belly.Thoughshefinishedadistantlastamongthe15womenwhomadeitthroughallseveneventsofthe

heptathlon,herparticipationthispastweekendwasavictoryinitself.

The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchancetocompeteintheheptathlon,thesportthat

developedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.SheintendedtograspachanceontheU.S.Olympic

teamonefinallimebeforemarryingherlongtimeboyfriendandstartingafamilytogether.

Inearly2020,Flachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husbandbehindandmovednearly250

milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRioGrandeValley.Sheintendedto

remaintherethroughthe2020U.S.OlympicTrials.Thenthepandemic（疫情）struckthreemonthsinto

hertraining.

WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延迟）oftheTokyoGamesandcastdoubton

whethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlifeonhold.InMarch,

Flachbeganstrugglingtohitmarksthathadpreviouslybeenroutinetoher.Shetookapregnancytestthat

camebackpositive,aresultthatmadeherdoubtwhetherherOlympichopeful.

ThepregnancyweakenedFlach'sstrengthandenergybutnotherdesiretosaygoodbyetotrackandfield

onherownterms.WhileFlach'sfinalscorewaslessthanhalfherpersonalbest,she'stryingnottofocuson

thataspect,noronthefactthatsheneverqualifiedforanOlympicsinhercareer.She^excitedforwhafs

tocomeinherlife,excitedshewasabletoparticipateinathirdOlympicTrialsandexcitedthatshe

showedhowstrongwould-bemotherscanbe.

4.WhendidFlachbegintolovetheheptathlon?

A.Attheageof18.B.Attheageof21.

C.Attheageof30.D.Attheageof31.

5.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlachaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Determined.B.Ambitious.C.Unfortunate.D.Organized.

6.WhatmadeFlachexcited?

A.Shewasexpectinganewlife.

B.ShewonthethirdOlympicTrials.

C.Shecouldmarryherlovedboyfriendfinally.

D.ShewaschosentotakepartintheOlymipicGames.

7.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanthistextberead?

A.Teens.B.Sports.C.Economy.D.Advertisement,

c

Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeandaccesstoacomputer?Well,thena

scientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.ResearchersintheUKsayit'sbecomingimportanttocountoncommon

peopletohelpthemwiththeirprojects.Theyneedpeopletoexaminedataandsubmittheirobservations

online.

BritishteenagersSashaandMatthewaretakingpartinastudyofpenguins（企鹅）fromthecomfortof

theirhomes.Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（标签）photosidentifyingadults,chicksandeggs.Every

clickoftheirmouseishelpingtobuildupadetailedpictureofpenguincolonies（群）,They,andthousands

ofothers,arehelpingscientiststounderstandwhysomecoloniesaregrowingandothersare

decreasing.WithinthefirstfourhoursofPenguinWatchgoinglive,"citizenscientists0markedmore

imagesthantheresearchteamhadinfiveyears.

Dr.TomHart,PenguinWatchCoordinatoratOxfordUniversity,says,"Whenyougobeyondwhata

scientistcananalysetowhatamassaudiencecando,thenitincreasesbeyondwhatanyotherprojectcould

do."

TheBritishScienceAssociationsaysfamiliesarehelpingoutwithcarefulresearch.ltmadeadifferenceto

thePlanetHuntersProject,whichranforfiveyears.Volunteerslookedatdotswhichshowedhowthe

brightnessofastarchangedatdifferentpointsinitssolarsystem.

AccordingtoDr.RobertSimpsonfromOxfordUniversity,whotookpartintheproject,thevolunteers

discoveredplanetsandthesearenowinpublishedpapers.Hesayswithpride,HWecangoandlookat

theseplanetswithothertelescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers."

Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalordeliberatemistakesinobservation?

Dr.Simpsonisn'tworried.nWegetlotsofpeoplelookingatthesamethings,“hesays.Theresearcher

warnsthatpeoplewhoaremistakenlyclickingonthesiteareveryobviousandcanbeidentifiedvery

quickly.So,there'snofoolingthescientists.

Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothroughapeerreviewbeforebeing

published.Afterthat,every"citizenscientist"willbecredited.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whowillbesuitabletohelpthescientists?

A.Anengineerwhoworksinacompany.

B.Auniversitystudentwholikesscience.

C.Abusinessmanwhoinvestsinanewproject.

D.Acarefulteenagerwhousesthecomputersmoothly.

9.Whatisavolunteerrequiredtodo?

A.Publishhisobservationdatabyhimself.

B.Observepicturesandrecordhisobservation.

C.Discusshisobservationwithothervolunteers.

D.Takehisreporttothescientistandcorrectmistakes.

10.Howcouldscientistsavoidmistakesinobservation?

A.Byworkingwithvolunteers.

B.Byusingtheirowndata.

C.Byidentifyingpicturesandphotos.

D.Bygoingthroughapeerreview.

11.What'sDr.Simpson'sattitudetowardsthevolunteers'observation?

A.Objective.B.Supportive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.

D

Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesare

commonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandetectcertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviorto

avoidgettingill.

In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobserved

achimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimand

threwhimoutofthegroup.Inoneinstance,McGregorapproachedchimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahand

ingreeting,buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance.

"Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,“Goodallnotesinher1971book

IntheShadowofMan."It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.'1

Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirsickneighbors.Sometimesit'sassimpleasavoidingthose

whomayinfectyou.

WhenKiesecker,aleadscientistinAmerica,studiedAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s,hefoundthat

bullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactively

avoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsrelyonchemicalssignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.

Caribbeanlobsters（龙虾）alsoavoiddiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,wellbeforetheybecome

infectious.lttakesabouteightweeksfbrlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirustobecomedangerousto

others.Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafter

infection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.

"Overall,it'simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon*trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactually

reducetheinfectionrate,"Kieseckerexplains.nAshumans,wehavethatability.Ifsabigdifference.',

12.WhydidotherchimpsattackMcGregor?

A.Hewasaloner.B.Hegotseriouslyill.

C.Hemaycausethegroupill.D.Hehurtotherchimpsfirst.

13.HowdidGoodallfeelwhenseeingMcGregor'sresult?

A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.Sympathetic.

14.HowlongwillthehealthyCaribbeanlobstersstaywiththediseasedones?

A.Aboutamonth.B.Abouteightweeks.

C.Aboutfourdays.D.Fewerthanfourweeks.

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SocialDistancinginNature.

B.CarryingoutSocialDistancing.

C.PuzzlingSocialDistancinginChimps.

D.SocialDistancingbetweenHumanandAnimals.

Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,butneitherdowegrow.(1)Changeandgrowth

occur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe,remaininginwhatwearetoday.Therearemanygood

reasonstobeencouragedtoleavethecomfortzone.

Prepareyourselffordifficulttimes.Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,thatspacewillnotprotectusfrom

theproblems,whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.(2)These

problemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.Butlearningtoliveoutsidethecomfortzone,dealingwith

noveltyanduncertaintywillmakeuspeopleemotionallystronger.

(3)Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfort

zonetherearenogreatideasornewdiscoveries.It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationto

creativity.Infact,astudyconductedattheUniversityofFloridafoundthatstudentswhospentjustone

termoutsidetheircountryscoredbetteroncreativityteststhanthosewhohadbeenstudyingatthesame

university.

Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone,wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someofthese

experienceswillnotbepositivebutotherswillbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe're

learningtoenjoymorelife.⑷

Exercisestogetoutofyourcomfortzonewillallowyoutoexpandyourgrowthzonewithoutexperiencing

toomuchanxiety.(5)That'sinthegrowthzone,andyoucanreachthebestofourselves,learnnewthings.

A.Becomemoreproductive.

B.Increaseyourcreativity.

C.Generally,wearenotusedtothem.

D.Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.

E.Itmightbecometheperfectexcusenottodo,notrisk.

F.Facenewchallengeswithanacceptablelevelofanxiety.

G.Thefeelingofbeingemptywillbediscoveredtodisappear.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

AfterwatchingmysonToddruninarace,Imademyusualcomment,"Todd,Icouldwalkfasterthan

thosewomenrun."Todd(21)asheknewIwasn'tarunner.'1Listen,Mom,howaboutyourunwithmenext

yearatthisrace?”Withoutthinking,Iquicklyagreedtothis(22).Ifeltthiswasgoingtobeapieceofcake!

Neverinmy(23)dreamsdidIeverimaginewhatthenextyearwouldbring.Whenitwasalmosttimefor

thisraceto(24),Toddwasn'tgoingtoberunning.Hehaddiedinacaraccident.Afewofhisfriendsknew

this"challenge"IhadagreedtowithTodd.Theystartedto(25)metoruntherace.Ihadn,t(26)orprepared

anything.Quite(27),IhadalmostforgottenIsaidIwoulddoit.

IdecidedIshouldkeepmy(28).Beforetherace,Ilistenedtosome(29)talkingabouthowtorunyourrace.I

playedtheraceoverandoverinmy(30)whenIlistenedtothetapes.Thedayoftheracefinallycame.Ifelt

prettv(31).Whenitwastimefortherace,Iwasalldressedandready.ltwasfreezingcoldthatday,butI

didn*tcare.I(32)allmywarmclothesandranwithonlyasleevelessshirtandshortson.Nothingwasgoing

to(33)me.

Nooneknewwhat(34)metorun.Ifinishedmypracticerun,fellonthegrass,andcriedmyeyesout.Ifound

thatrunning(35)thestressIwasfeelingoflosingmydearTodd.

21.A.sighedB.laughedC.noddedD.screamed

22.A.challengeB.compromiseC.commandD.declaration

23.A.mildestB.happiestC.deepestD.wildest

24.A.occurB.rewardC.endD.exist

25.A.pressB.encourageC.botherD.order

26.A.appliedB.recoveredC.trainedD.digested

27.A.entertaininglyB.franklyC.doubtfullyD.obviously

28.A.secretB.distanceC.kindnessD.promise

29.A.tapesB.lecturesC.friendsD.experts

30.A.dreamB.memoryC.mindD.soul

31.A.desperateB.heartbrokenC.emotionalD.delighted

32.A.tookoffB.toreupC.threwawayD.handedout

33.A.amuseB.depressC.easeD.disappoint

34.A.influencedB.permittedC.directedD.motivated

35.A.deepenedB.provedC.relievedD.fostered

36.ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpool(UDhavedevelopedarobotthatcanrunexperiments

onitsown.It'snotnewfbrlabstouserobots.Butearlierrobotsusuallystayedinoneplaceand(1)

(do)onejoboverandoveragain.TheULrobotisdifferent.Ifsableto(2)(easy)

movearoundinthesamekindofspaceashumansdo.ItusesaspecialsystemcalledLiDARtoguide

(3)(it).Withonelongarmwhichcanturninalmostanydirection,therobotcanuse

severaldifferentkindsoflabequipmentandcarryout(4)varietyoftasks.

Thescientistssaysittookalotofwork(5)(program)therobotsothatitcoulddothings

without(6)(make)mistakes.Oncetheprogrammingisdone,though,therobotmakes

(7)(few)mistakesthanahuman.

Totesttheirrobot,thescientistsgaveitatask：findamaterial(8)wasabletoproduce

hydrogen(氢)fromwater.Therobotwasprogrammedtounderstandthebasicmethodsfbrthe

experiment,butit(9)(give)10differentthingsitcouldchangewhichcouldinfluencethe

results,Thatmeantthattherobotcouldchoosefromaround98milliondifferent

mini-experiments.Overthenext8days,therobotran688experiments,alwayschoosingitsnext

experimentbased(10)theresultsofthelastone.

z1\

()

xz

z2

(

\

3\

l

z

z4

(

\

5\

)

z

z6\

(l

\z

⑺

(8)

(9)

(10)

37.假定你是某国际高中的学生会主席李华。为了配合学校的历史遗址保护宣传活动，请你

围绕”保护历史遗址”这个主题，为学校的英语论坛写一封倡议书。内容包括：1.破坏历史遗址

(heritagesite)的严重后果；2.学生可以作出的贡献。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Dearfellowstudents,

(1)

(2)

38.Travellingcanteachyoualot.Sometimes,onyourjourney,despitecomingfromtotally

differentbackgrounds,wewereabletoconnectonahumanlevelandlearnfromeachother.Ihave

learnedaboutkindnesswhentravellingintoomanyways,butthereisoneparticularexamplethat

standsoutinmymemory.

Eightyearsago,afriendandIjourneyedtoPuertoPlata,DominicanRepublictorentaprivatevilla

onthebeachanddosomerelaxing.Inthemorning,wewenttoseethenewsunsparkledgoldacross

theripplesofgentlesea.Intheevening,westeppedbarefootonthesoftsandybeach,feelingthe

wavestouchingourfeetandwatchingthesettingsunleavingtheskyafirewithorangeandgreen

light.ltwassomuchfunlivingonthebeach.

Apartfromthebreathtakingsceneryonthebeach,Iwasalsoconstantlytouchedbythewarm

hospitalityoftheDominicanpeopleingeneral,butPedrototallyblewmeaway.Heworkedatour

villaasthesecurityguard.Healsoregularlyprovidedassistancetoallguestsbyaccompanyingthem

ontheirexcursionstoensuretheywouldbesafeamonglocalsceneswheretouristsmaynotbe

commonorcouldbetakenadvantageof.However,hedidnotspeakgoodEnglishsooftenitwasabit

challengingforhim.Luckily,IspeakSpanishsoIwasabletocommunicateverywellwithPedroand

thisdelightedhim.Duetothis,wechattedalotandfeltveryconnected.Pedroinsistedoncateringto

oureveryneed.Hewouldnotevenletusliftafingerinthevilla,whichwasaboveandbeyondhis

duties.Hetoldusweremindedhimofhisdaughterandhefeltlikeour"Papa"sohehadtotakecareof

us.

WhatreallyblewmeawaythoughisthatPedrobasicallyendedupsavingmylife.

Paragraph1：

AfterIan*ived,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfcatchingaheavycoldandfeltterrible.

Paragraph2：

Thedaybeforeourdeparture,1wasfinallyfeelingalotbetterduetothemedicalcareIwasgiven.

(1)

(2)

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、D

［解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据OrphansoftheSky部分的Agiantgenerationshipissailingwithout

guidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershavelongforgottentheoutsideworldand

believedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷信）.（一艘新一代的巨轮正在宇

宙深处航行，没有任何指引.它的乘客早已忘记了外面的世界，相信以迷信为标志的前科技文化）

推知，OrphansoftheSky是一本科幻小说。故选A

（2）C.细节理解题。根据95PoundsofHope部分的Adaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience（改

编自作者的亲身经历）”可知，这本书的特别之处是它改编自作者的亲身经历，即基于一个真实的

故事。故选C。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors（心理医生强

烈推荐）"可知，小说ACertainSmile被心理医生大力推荐。由此可推知,ACertainSmile是精神

疾病患者们的最佳选择。故选D。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本让读者爱不释手的书。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】B、A、A、B

【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据第二段The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchanceto

competeintheheptathlon,thesportthatdevelopedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.（2020赛

季本应是弗拉赫参加七项全能比赛的最后一次机会,这项运动在过去十年中逐渐激发了她的热情。）

及第四段第一句WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延迟）oftheTokyoGames

andcastdoubtonwhethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlife

onhold.（当新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延迫使东京奥运会延期，并让人怀疑奥运会能否如期举行时，31

岁的弗拉赫决定，她不能再让自己的生活停滞不前了。）可知，Flach在（31-10=21）岁时开始喜

欢上了七项全能运动。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Inearly2020,Flachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husband

behindandmovednearly250milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRio

GrandeValley.Sheintendedtoremaintherethroughthe2020U.S.（2020年初，Flach辞去了工作，

暂时与她的未婚夫分开，搬到了近250英里以南的德克萨斯大学RioGrandeValley分校，和她的

新教练一起训练。她打算留在那里训练，准备参加2020年美国奥运会选拔赛。）由此可推知，Flach

是个意志坚定的人。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段She,sexcitedforwhat'stocomeinherlife"（她为自己生活中即将

到来的事情感到兴奋。）由此可知，让弗拉奇兴奋的是她期待着新的生活。故选A。

（4）文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了31岁的Flach在怀孕18周的情况下，依然挑战自

己，参加了女子七项全能的奥运会选拔赛的故事。由此可推知，这篇文章可以在杂志的体育版块

被看到。故选B。

本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了31岁的Flach在怀孕18周的情况下，依然挑战自己，参加了女子七

项全能的奥运会选拔赛的故事。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeand

accesstoacomputer?Well,thenascientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.（你有耐心吗？你是否关注细

节，是否有空闲时间和是否能使用电脑？那科学家可能会欢迎你的帮助）可推知，根据短文，一

个谨慎的青少年，能流畅地使用电脑适合帮助科学家。故选D项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（加标签于）photosidentifyingadults,

chicksandeggs.（它们会观察图片和标记图片，以识别成年、小鸡和蛋）可知，志愿者需要观察

图片并记录观察结果。故选B项。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalor

deliberatemistakesinobservation?（但是科学家如何防止他们的研究在观察中出现意外或故意的

错误呢？）最后一段中"Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothrougha

peerreviewbeforebeingpublished.（为了确保一切顺利，《企鹅观察》的论文在发表前将经过同

行评审）可知，科学家通过同行评审来避免观察中的错误。故选D项。

（4）情感态度题。根据第五段中Dr.Simpson所说Wecangoandlookattheseplanetswithother

telescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers.（我们可以用其他望远镜去观察这些行星，

因为有了这些帮手，我们才知道它们的存在）可以推知，Simpson博士对志愿者的观察持支持态

度。故选B项。

这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了英国科学家依靠普通人来帮助他们完成科学项目的做法，及其成果。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、A

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）ina

Tanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughta

highlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthegroup.（1966年，动物

学家珍•古道尔在坦桑尼亚国家公园研究黑猩猩时，观察到一只名叫麦格雷戈的黑猩猩感染了一种

高度传染性的病毒。他的黑猩猩同伴攻击他，把他扔出了黑猩猩群）可推知，猩猩们攻击McGregor

是因为它可能会导致整个群体生病。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段"Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,

"Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan."It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsome

societiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.（"老McGregor一动不动地坐了整整两分钟，盯着它们的背影，

"Goodall在她1971年出版的es/ia而一书中写道。”这和如今一些社会群体对这样的

悲剧的反应没有什么不同。"）可推知，当看到McGregor的结局时，Goodall对此感到同情。

A.Supportive支持的；B.Doubtful怀疑的：C.Objective客观的；D.Sympathetic同情的。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingaway

fromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicals

releasedbysickindividuals.（可知，龙虾通常是群居动物，一旦它们闻到生病的龙虾释放出的特定

化学物质，会在生病的龙虾感染四周后尽可能早地开始远离它）可知，健康的加勒比龙虾会和生

病的龙虾在一起待约一个月的时间。故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenatural

world.whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.（在传染病屡见不鲜的自然界，保持社交距离并

不是一个新概念）可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中动物保持社交距离的现象。由此可知，A项最

适合作本文标题。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界中动物保持社交距离的现象。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得

出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16~20.【答案】D、C、B、G、F

【解析】（1）推理判断题。Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,

butneitherdowegrow.（舒适区是一个安全的地方，我们不会冒险，但我们也不会成长。）和下

文Changeandgrowthoccur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe,remaininginwhatwearetoday.

（改变和成长在发生，我们不能成为我们想成为的人，不能保持我们今天的样子。）可知，舒适

区是一我们无需冒险，但也不能让我们成长的安全空间；后面讲述了改变和成长就出现了。D项

"Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.然而神奇的事情发生在舒适区之外。"符合语境。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据上文Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,

thatspacewillnotprotectusfromtheproblems,

whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.（虽然我们在舒适区感到安

全，但这个空间不会保护我们远离困难的影响，这些困难通常以一种出乎意料的方式出现在生活

中，并使我们的生活产生巨大的变化。）和下文Theseproblemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.

（这些问题会产生心理障碍。）可知，舒适区也没有安全感，也会有困难，使生活产生变化。C

项"Generally,wearenotusedtothem.通常，我们不适应它们。"符合语境。故选C。

（3）主旨大意题。根据下文

Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfortzo

netherearenogreatideasornewdiscoverieso

It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationtocreativity.（舒适区代表了我们所知道的一切。

外面是另一个需要发现的世界。在舒适区里没有伟大的想法或新的发现。有必要离开已知去寻找

创造力的灵感。）可知，有必要离开舒适区去寻找创造力的灵感。B项"Increaseyourcreativity.增

加你的创造力。"符合语境。故选B。

（4）细节理解题。根据上文Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone,

wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someoftheseexperienceswillnotbepositivebutothers

willbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe'relearningtoenjoy