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中考英语语法专题情态动词一.定义:情态动词,也叫做情态助动词,指的是用来表示说话者观点、态度、情感、意愿等方面的一类特殊的助动词。常见的情态动词包括:can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would和oughtto等。情态动词通常与原形动词连用,用来表达说话者对某种行为的可能性、能力、应该性、必须性、意愿性、推测性、建议性等含义。它们具有以下的特点:1.不能单独使用,必须与一个动词原形连用2.没有人称和数的变化,不受时态和语态的影响例如:1.Youshouldlistentoyourparents.(你应该听父母的话。)2.Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasfive.(她五岁时就会弹钢琴了。)3.Wemustfinishtheworkbeforedeadline.(我们必须在截止日期之前完成工作。)4.Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisbox?(请你帮我抬这个箱子好吗?)5.Hemaynotetothepartytonight.(他今晚可能不会来参加聚会。)二.情态动词分类(1)一些常见的情态动词及其否定形式:情态动词基本含义否定式及缩写can能够,可以cannot(can't)will乐意willnot(won't)would乐意wouldnot(wouldn't)shall应该shallnot(shan't)should应该shouldnot(shouldn't)must一定,必须mustnot(mustn't)needn't一些常见的半情态动词及其否定形式:半情态动词基本含义否定式及缩写need需要neednot(needn't)oughtto应该oughtnotto(oughtn'tto)hadbetter最好hadbetternotusedto过去(常常)didnotuseto(didn'tuseto)或usednottohaveto必须donothaveto(don'thaveto)三.情态动词的中考考点(1)can、could、beableto的区别:当涉及到能力、可能性和许可性时,"can"、"could"和"beableto"都可以用来表达。尽管它们在某些情况下可以互换使用,但仍然存在一些细微的差别。"can":用于表示现在能力、技能;"could":用于表示过去的能力、技能;翻译为“能够、会,”都可以与beableto互换。但beableto可以用于任何时态,也可以前加情态动词或助动词,如:willbeableto。Shecanswim.(她会游泳。)IcanspeakEnglishfluently.(我能够流利地讲英语。)WhenIwasyounger,Icouldrunveryfast.(我年轻时跑得很快。)Iwasabletopasstheexamination.(我通过了考试。)Iwillbeabletoattendthemeetingtomorrow.(明天我能参加会议。)"can"和"could"还表示请求或许可。could的语气比can要委婉一些,但是最正式最委婉的用词是情态动词may;因此委婉语气程度依次为:_________>__________>___________回答的时候一般用_______来回答。肯定答语:Yes,sure./Yes,Ican./Ofcourse,Ican./Noproblem./Withpleasure…否定答语:可先拒绝,再说明理由:Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto…/Sorry,I'mgoingto.../I'mafraidIcan't.Ihaveto……Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?(你能把盐递给我吗?)MayIein?(我能进来吗?)Canyouhelpmewithmyhomework?(你能帮一下我的作业吗?)Youcandowhateveryouwantifyoufinishyourhomework.(如果作业做完了,你就可以做你想做的。)Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet.(你不可以在街上踢足球。)【中考模拟】1.Youmaynotbeabletocontrolallthethingsthathappentoyou,butyou_______decidenottobereducedbythem.A.should B.must C.need D.can2.Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyasshe_________tomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A.possible B.can C.could D.areable3.—Mom,couldIwatchTVnow?—No,you__________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.can't B.can C.needn't D.need4.—Thereisanewartmuseuminourcity.You________missit.—Thankyou.Iwon't.A.can't B.must C.needn't D.mustn't5.—________youhelpme?Ican'tworkouttheproblem.—Sure.A.Could B.Need C.Should D.May6.—________yougivemeahand?Ican'topenthisbottle.—Noproblem.A.Should B.Must C.Could D.Need答案:DCAAAC(2)must、haveto、mustn't的区别:"must"和"haveto"都可以用来表示必须、需要、有义务做某事,其否定形式为:“needn't或don't/doesn'thaveto”;但它们有一些细微的区别。"must":强调说话者主观的观点、决定或推断。它通常用于表达说话者的个人意愿、要求或建议。Ineedn'tfinishthisreportbytomorrow.Instead,Icanhanditinnextweek.(我不需要在明天之前完成这份报告,相反,我可以下个星期再上交。)Youmuststudyhardifyouwanttopasstheexam.(如果你想通过考试,你必须努力学习。)Wemustbecarefulwhendrivinginheavyrain.(在大雨天驾车时我们必须小心。)2."haveto":强调客观的需求、责任或规定。它通常用于表达外部约束、法律规定或情况所迫。Ihavetoattendameetingthisafternoon.(今天下午我必须参加一个会议。)Theyhavetowearuniformsatschool.(他们在学校必须穿制服。)Youdonothavetobringagifttotheparty.(你不必给聚会带礼物。)3."mustn't"不是must的否定形式。mustn't意为“禁止、严禁”,表示强烈的不允许。语气比can't更加强烈、浓厚。Youmustn'tplayfootballinthestreet.(你在街上禁止踢足球。)Lookthesign.Youmustnotsmokeinthisarea.(看告示牌,在这个区域内禁止吸烟。)【中考模拟】7.—Mom,duringyourbusinesstrip,mustIwatertheflowerseveryday?—No,you________.Youcanwateritonceaweek.A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.couldn't8.Thepublicsigninthelibrarymeanspeople______smokethere.A.couldn't B.could C.mustn't D.must9.—MustIfinishExercise1now?—No,you________.You________doitafterschool.A.needn't;may B.mustn't;may C.mustn't;must D.mustn't;can10.—________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you________.Youcandoitlater.A.May;needn't B.Must;don'thaveto C.Can;couldn't D.Must;mustn't11.—Mum,canIwearmyjeanstoschool?—No,you________wearyourschooluniform.Thisistheschoolrule.A.can B.may C.haveto D.must12.Itwasrainingwhentheschoolwasover,sowe________stayintheclassroom.A.must B.haveto C.hadto D.mustn't答案:BCDBCC(3):must、can't、may、might表示推测;推测的可能性依次为:_____________>_______________>_______________*"must"表示逻辑上的肯定推测,表示某事几乎可以确定。*"can't"表示逻辑上的否定推测,表示某事几乎不可能。*"may"表示较弱的可能性,表示某事有一定的可能性。*"might"表示更加不确定的可能性,比"may"强调更小的概率。Hemustbetiredbecauseheworkedlatelastnight.(他一定累了,因为昨晚工作到很晚。)Shecan'thaveforgottenaboutthemeeting.She'susuallyveryorganized.(她不可能忘记开会,她通常非常有组织性。)I'mnotsure.Itmay/mightbeMrs.Li,ournewEnglishteacher.(我不确定,可能是李老师,我们新的英语老师)【中考模拟】13.—Look,Sarah,there'sarednotebookonthedesk.Whoseisit?—It_________beTom'sashisnotebookisblue.It_________beLily'sashernameisonthecover.A.mustn't;must B.mustn't;can C.can't;must D.can't;may14.It_______beTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithoutacar.A.may B.can't C.mustn't D.shouldn't15.—Who'sgoingtogiveusaspeechnextFridayafternoon?—I'mnotsure.It________beMr.Brown,thenewforeignteacherfromFrance.A.must B.may C.will D.can16.—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheingsummerholiday?—I'mnotsure.I________gotoQingdao.A.should B.must C.can D.may17.—Sam,whatpresentwillyougiveyourmotherforheringbirthday?—Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________makeherabirthdaycakebymyself.A.must B.may C.would D.should18.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAI,manypeopleworrythatthey________losetheirjobsoneday.A.may B.should C.must D.can19.—Whereareyougoingthisweekend?—I'mnotsure.I______gocampingontheMoonBeach.It'ssaidthatit'safascinatingplacetotakeaholiday.A.can't B.need C.might D.must20.—DidyoufindyourEnglishnotebook?—No.IsearchedalltheplaceswhereI________haveleftit,butwithnoluck!A.must B.should C.can D.might21.—Alex,wheredidyouleaveyourschoolbag?—Well,Ican'tremember.Itookpartinaconcertyesterday,soit________beinthemusichall.A.should B.might C.must D.need答案:CBBDBACDC(4):shouldoughttohadbetter的区别:"should"、"oughtto"和"hadbetter"都是表示建议、意见或应该做某事的情态动词。虽然它们在表达上有些相似,但仍存在一些细微的区别:1."should":用于提出一般性的建议或推荐,表示根据常规、道德或理性判断,应该采取的行动。Youshouldapologizeforyourmistake.(你应该为你的错误道歉。)Studentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.(学生应该尊重他们的老师。)2."oughtto":与"should"类似,也表示应该做某事,但更强调道德、责任、习惯或理所当然。Heoughttohelphiselderlyneighbors.(他应该帮助年长的邻居。)Weoughttotakecareoftheenvironment.(我们应该保护环境。)3."hadbetter":表示强烈的建议或警告,暗示如果不按建议行事可能会有不良后果。Youhadbetterhurryoryou'llmissthetrain.(你最好赶快,否则会错过火车。)Wehadbetterdoublechecktheinformationbeforesubmittingit.(在提交之前最好再核对一下信息。)【中考模拟】22.We________dosomehouseworkinourfreetimetoletourparentshavearest.A.can B.might C.could D.should23.Historyisthebesttextbook.Wewillmoveforward,butwe_____neverforgetwhatwehaveexperienced.A.need B.should C.might D.can24.—Howmuchwaterdoweneed?—Sixbottles________beenough.A.need B.should C.hadbetter D.wouldrather25.Theearthisourhome.Everyone________takecareofit.A.usedto B.needto C.shouldto D.oughtto26.Everyoneought_________agreenerperson.A.is B.be C.tobe D.bee27.Whilewatchingthefilm,you________makeanynoise.A.notoughtto B.oughtnotto C.don'toughtto D.oughttonot28.Studentsought________thetruth.A.totell B.tell C.telling D.told29.Readers___________talkloudlyinthelibrary.A.oughtnot B.oughtto C.oughttonot D.oughtnotto30.—You'dbetter_______early.Itisgoodforyourhealth.—Thanks.I'lldoasyousay.A.togetup B.gettingup C.getup D.gotup答案:DBBDCBADC(5)need情实共存:*当"need"被用作实义动词时,它具有以下特点:1."need"后面需加上“to+动词原形”来构成不定式短语。Ineedtofinishthistaskbeforetomorrow.(我需要在明天之前完成这个任务。)Youneedtostudyhardfortheexam.(你需要为考试努力学习。)2.否定形式使用完整形式:"don't/doesn'tneedtodo"来表示不需要做某事。Youdonotneedtoworryaboutit.(你不需要担心。)Shedoesn'tneedtoetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.(如果她不想来,她就不需要参加会议。)*当"need"被用作情态动词时,它具有以下特点:1.否定形式使用缩略形式"needn't"来表示不需要做某事。Youneedn'tworryaboutit.(你不必担心。)Sheneedn'tetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.(如果她不想来,她就不必参加会议。)2.疑问形式与一般疑问句相同:将"need"调整到句首,即可形成疑问句。NeedIfinishthistoday?(我今天需要完成吗?)Needtheybringtheirownequipment?(他们需要自带设备吗?)【中考模拟】31.—Dad,mustIbeeadoctorlikeyouwhenIfinishuniversityinthefuture?—________.Youcanmakeyourowndecisionanddowhateveryoulike.A.Yes,youmust B.No,youneedn't C.Yes,youcan D.No,youcan't32.Itseemstorain.You________watertheflowersinthegarden.A.must B.needn't C.should D.mustn't33.—Mustwefinishdoingtheprojecttoday?—No,you________.NextweekisOK.A.can't B.mayno C.needn't D.mustn't34.—MustIwritethereportbyhand,Mrs.Taylor?—No,you________.Youcanwriteitontheputer.A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't35.—Iheardyouwenttoseeadoctorthismorning.—That'strue.Butyou________worryaboutme.It'snotserious.A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.can't答案:BBCAA(6)will、would的用法1.表示恭谦的请求、建议等,常用于疑问句,would比will委婉客气Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindow?(你介意我开窗吗?)表示意志、愿望和决心Iwillneverdothatagain.(我再也不那样了。)IwillgotoBeijingtohavealookwhenIgrowup.(当我长大的时候,我要去北京看看。)表示估计或猜想Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.(我离开家的时候,估计十来岁。)wouldliketodo=wantto想要,为固定搭配Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some,而不是any;Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?(你想要喝点儿什么吗?)Yes.Pleasegivemeacupofcoffee.(是的,请给我来一杯咖啡。)【中考模拟】36.—Don'tusemyputerplease.—Sorry!I________doitagain.A.can't B.mustnot C.won't D.should37.—Remembertocallmewhenyouarrive,Mike.—I________,mum.A.must B.can C.will D.should38.MotherhadahardtimegettingHelenupinthemorning.Shecalledandcalled,butHelen________wakeup.A.wouldn't B.mustn't C.needn't D.shouldn't39.________youliketogotoschoolwithme?A.Can B.Are C.Would D.Does40.—Wouldyoulike__________todrink,Lucy?
—Thanks.Acupofgreentea,please.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing答案:CCACA(7)与情态动词相关的惯用语1.cannothelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Icannothelpsmiling.我情不自禁地笑了。2.cannot…too+adj./adv.无论怎样都不为过,越……越好Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledriving.开车的时候,你越小心越好。cannot+比较级=最高级Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?周末去野餐怎么样?Icouldn’tagreemore.我非常赞同。wouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB.宁愿做A这件事,也不愿做B这件事IwouldratherwatchTVthangoouttowatchamovie.=IwouldwatchTVratherthangoouttowatchamovie.我宁愿看电视也不愿出去看电影。5.sth.needdoing是主动形式表示被动=needtobedone(见被动语态详解)Theflowersinthegardenneednow.(花园里的花需要浇水了。)6.as......assb.can/could=as......assb.possible尽可能......Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyashecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandhim.那个志愿者尽可能地讲清楚以便游客们能够听懂他。【中考模拟】41.Heisjustakid.We'dbetter________toostrictwithhim.A.nottobe B.notbe C.benot D.benotto42.—Whoseisthepencilbox?—It________beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.can B.may C.need D.must43.—WhenwetalkaboutdeliciousfoodinWuhan,HotDryNoodles_________bementioned.—Withoutdoubt,itisquitepopular.A.might B.must C.could D.shall44.—MayIsmokehere?—No,you________.Nosmokingintheschoolyard.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.couldn't D.mustn't45.Thebook________beMary's.Wecanseehernameonit.A.must B.need C.can't D.needn't46.—Whodoesthemathbookonthefloorbelongto?—It_________beSandy's.Look,hernameisonthecoverofthebook.A.might B.must C.shall D.may47.—MissLi.Idon'twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.—I'mafraidyou________.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A.may B.haveto C.mustn't D.needn't48.—Chris,shallwegotothebookstorethisafternoon?—I'msorry,David,butI________meetmycousinatthetrainstation.A.can B.may C.could D.haveto49.—I'dliketobuysomeMagicNovels.—Youhadbetter________thekindofbooks.Thestoriesinthemarefarfromreallife.A.read B.notread C.count
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