人教版中考英语语法专题-情态动词

中考英语语法专题情态动词一．定义：情态动词，也叫做情态助动词，指的是用来表示说话者观点、态度、情感、意愿等方面的一类特殊的助动词。常见的情态动词包括：can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would和oughtto等。情态动词通常与原形动词连用，用来表达说话者对某种行为的可能性、能力、应该性、必须性、意愿性、推测性、建议性等含义。它们具有以下的特点：1.不能单独使用，必须与一个动词原形连用2.没有人称和数的变化，不受时态和语态的影响例如：1.Youshouldlistentoyourparents.（你应该听父母的话。）2.Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasfive.（她五岁时就会弹钢琴了。）3.Wemustfinishtheworkbeforedeadline.（我们必须在截止日期之前完成工作。）4.Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythisbox?（请你帮我抬这个箱子好吗？）5.Hemaynotetothepartytonight.（他今晚可能不会来参加聚会。）二．情态动词分类(1)一些常见的情态动词及其否定形式：情态动词基本含义否定式及缩写can能够，可以cannot(can't)will乐意willnot(won't)would乐意wouldnot(wouldn't)shall应该shallnot(shan't)should应该shouldnot(shouldn't)must一定，必须mustnot(mustn't)needn't一些常见的半情态动词及其否定形式：半情态动词基本含义否定式及缩写need需要neednot(needn't)oughtto应该oughtnotto(oughtn'tto)hadbetter最好hadbetternotusedto过去（常常）didnotuseto(didn'tuseto)或usednottohaveto必须donothaveto(don'thaveto)三．情态动词的中考考点（1）can、could、beableto的区别：当涉及到能力、可能性和许可性时，"can"、"could"和"beableto"都可以用来表达。尽管它们在某些情况下可以互换使用，但仍然存在一些细微的差别。"can"：用于表示现在能力、技能；"could"：用于表示过去的能力、技能；翻译为“能够、会，”都可以与beableto互换。但beableto可以用于任何时态，也可以前加情态动词或助动词，如：willbeableto。Shecanswim.（她会游泳。）IcanspeakEnglishfluently.（我能够流利地讲英语。）WhenIwasyounger,Icouldrunveryfast.（我年轻时跑得很快。）Iwasabletopasstheexamination.（我通过了考试。）Iwillbeabletoattendthemeetingtomorrow.（明天我能参加会议。）"can"和"could"还表示请求或许可。could的语气比can要委婉一些，但是最正式最委婉的用词是情态动词may;因此委婉语气程度依次为：_________＞__________＞___________回答的时候一般用_______来回答。肯定答语：Yes,sure./Yes,Ican./Ofcourse,Ican./Noproblem./Withpleasure…否定答语：可先拒绝，再说明理由：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto…／Sorry,I'mgoingto.../I'mafraidIcan't.Ihaveto……Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?（你能把盐递给我吗？）MayIein?（我能进来吗？）Canyouhelpmewithmyhomework?（你能帮一下我的作业吗？）Youcandowhateveryouwantifyoufinishyourhomework.（如果作业做完了，你就可以做你想做的。）Youcan'tplayfootballinthestreet.（你不可以在街上踢足球。）【中考模拟】1．Youmaynotbeabletocontrolallthethingsthathappentoyou,butyou_______decidenottobereducedbythem.A．should B．must C．need D．can2．Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyasshe_________tomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A．possible B．can C．could D．areable3．—Mom,couldIwatchTVnow?—No,you__________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A．can't B．can C．needn't D．need4．—Thereisanewartmuseuminourcity.You________missit.—Thankyou.Iwon't.A．can't B．must C．needn't D．mustn't5．—________youhelpme?Ican'tworkouttheproblem.—Sure.A．Could B．Need C．Should D．May6．—________yougivemeahand?Ican'topenthisbottle.—Noproblem.A．Should B．Must C．Could D．Need答案：DCAAAC（2）must、haveto、mustn't的区别："must"和"haveto"都可以用来表示必须、需要、有义务做某事，其否定形式为：“needn't或don't/doesn'thaveto”;但它们有一些细微的区别。"must"：强调说话者主观的观点、决定或推断。它通常用于表达说话者的个人意愿、要求或建议。Ineedn'tfinishthisreportbytomorrow.Instead,Icanhanditinnextweek.（我不需要在明天之前完成这份报告，相反，我可以下个星期再上交。）Youmuststudyhardifyouwanttopasstheexam.（如果你想通过考试，你必须努力学习。）Wemustbecarefulwhendrivinginheavyrain.（在大雨天驾车时我们必须小心。）2."haveto"：强调客观的需求、责任或规定。它通常用于表达外部约束、法律规定或情况所迫。Ihavetoattendameetingthisafternoon.（今天下午我必须参加一个会议。）Theyhavetowearuniformsatschool.（他们在学校必须穿制服。）Youdonothavetobringagifttotheparty.（你不必给聚会带礼物。）3."mustn't"不是must的否定形式。mustn't意为“禁止、严禁”，表示强烈的不允许。语气比can't更加强烈、浓厚。Youmustn'tplayfootballinthestreet.（你在街上禁止踢足球。）Lookthesign.Youmustnotsmokeinthisarea.（看告示牌，在这个区域内禁止吸烟。）【中考模拟】7．—Mom,duringyourbusinesstrip,mustIwatertheflowerseveryday?—No,you________.Youcanwateritonceaweek.A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't D．couldn't8．Thepublicsigninthelibrarymeanspeople______smokethere.A．couldn't B．could C．mustn't D．must9．—MustIfinishExercise1now?—No,you________.You________doitafterschool.A．needn't;may B．mustn't;may C．mustn't;must D．mustn't;can10．—________Ifinishmyworknow?—No,you________.Youcandoitlater.A．May;needn't B．Must;don'thaveto C．Can;couldn't D．Must;mustn't11．—Mum,canIwearmyjeanstoschool?—No,you________wearyourschooluniform.Thisistheschoolrule.A．can B．may C．haveto D．must12．Itwasrainingwhentheschoolwasover,sowe________stayintheclassroom.A．must B．haveto C．hadto D．mustn't答案：BCDBCC（3）：must、can't、may、might表示推测;推测的可能性依次为：_____________＞_______________＞_______________*"must"表示逻辑上的肯定推测，表示某事几乎可以确定。*"can't"表示逻辑上的否定推测，表示某事几乎不可能。*"may"表示较弱的可能性，表示某事有一定的可能性。*"might"表示更加不确定的可能性，比"may"强调更小的概率。Hemustbetiredbecauseheworkedlatelastnight.（他一定累了，因为昨晚工作到很晚。）Shecan'thaveforgottenaboutthemeeting.She'susuallyveryorganized.（她不可能忘记开会，她通常非常有组织性。）I'mnotsure.Itmay/mightbeMrs.Li,ournewEnglishteacher.（我不确定，可能是李老师，我们新的英语老师）【中考模拟】13．—Look,Sarah,there'sarednotebookonthedesk.Whoseisit?—It_________beTom'sashisnotebookisblue.It_________beLily'sashernameisonthecover.A．mustn't;must B．mustn't;can C．can't;must D．can't;may14．It_______beTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithoutacar.A．may B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't15．—Who'sgoingtogiveusaspeechnextFridayafternoon?—I'mnotsure.It________beMr.Brown,thenewforeignteacherfromFrance.A．must B．may C．will D．can16．—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheingsummerholiday?—I'mnotsure.I________gotoQingdao.A．should B．must C．can D．may17．—Sam,whatpresentwillyougiveyourmotherforheringbirthday?—Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________makeherabirthdaycakebymyself.A．must B．may C．would D．should18．WiththerapiddevelopmentofAI,manypeopleworrythatthey________losetheirjobsoneday.A．may B．should C．must D．can19．—Whereareyougoingthisweekend?—I'mnotsure.I______gocampingontheMoonBeach.It'ssaidthatit'safascinatingplacetotakeaholiday.A．can't B．need C．might D．must20．—DidyoufindyourEnglishnotebook?—No.IsearchedalltheplaceswhereI________haveleftit,butwithnoluck!A．must B．should C．can D．might21．—Alex,wheredidyouleaveyourschoolbag?—Well,Ican'tremember.Itookpartinaconcertyesterday,soit________beinthemusichall.A．should B．might C．must D．need答案：CBBDBACDC（4）：shouldoughttohadbetter的区别："should"、"oughtto"和"hadbetter"都是表示建议、意见或应该做某事的情态动词。虽然它们在表达上有些相似，但仍存在一些细微的区别：1."should"：用于提出一般性的建议或推荐，表示根据常规、道德或理性判断，应该采取的行动。Youshouldapologizeforyourmistake.（你应该为你的错误道歉。）Studentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.（学生应该尊重他们的老师。）2."oughtto"：与"should"类似，也表示应该做某事，但更强调道德、责任、习惯或理所当然。Heoughttohelphiselderlyneighbors.（他应该帮助年长的邻居。）Weoughttotakecareoftheenvironment.（我们应该保护环境。）3."hadbetter"：表示强烈的建议或警告，暗示如果不按建议行事可能会有不良后果。Youhadbetterhurryoryou'llmissthetrain.（你最好赶快，否则会错过火车。）Wehadbetterdoublechecktheinformationbeforesubmittingit.（在提交之前最好再核对一下信息。）【中考模拟】22．We________dosomehouseworkinourfreetimetoletourparentshavearest.A．can B．might C．could D．should23．Historyisthebesttextbook.Wewillmoveforward,butwe_____neverforgetwhatwehaveexperienced.A．need B．should C．might D．can24．—Howmuchwaterdoweneed?—Sixbottles________beenough.A．need B．should C．hadbetter D．wouldrather25．Theearthisourhome.Everyone________takecareofit.A．usedto B．needto C．shouldto D．oughtto26．Everyoneought_________agreenerperson.A．is B．be C．tobe D．bee27．Whilewatchingthefilm,you________makeanynoise.A．notoughtto B．oughtnotto C．don'toughtto D．oughttonot28．Studentsought________thetruth.A．totell B．tell C．telling D．told29．Readers___________talkloudlyinthelibrary.A．oughtnot B．oughtto C．oughttonot D．oughtnotto30．—You'dbetter_______early.Itisgoodforyourhealth.—Thanks.I'lldoasyousay.A．togetup B．gettingup C．getup D．gotup答案：DBBDCBADC（5）need情实共存：*当"need"被用作实义动词时，它具有以下特点：1."need"后面需加上“to+动词原形”来构成不定式短语。Ineedtofinishthistaskbeforetomorrow.（我需要在明天之前完成这个任务。）Youneedtostudyhardfortheexam.（你需要为考试努力学习。）2.否定形式使用完整形式："don't/doesn'tneedtodo"来表示不需要做某事。Youdonotneedtoworryaboutit.（你不需要担心。）Shedoesn'tneedtoetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.（如果她不想来，她就不需要参加会议。）*当"need"被用作情态动词时，它具有以下特点：1.否定形式使用缩略形式"needn't"来表示不需要做某事。Youneedn'tworryaboutit.（你不必担心。）Sheneedn'tetothemeetingifshedoesn'twantto.（如果她不想来，她就不必参加会议。）2.疑问形式与一般疑问句相同：将"need"调整到句首，即可形成疑问句。NeedIfinishthistoday?（我今天需要完成吗？）Needtheybringtheirownequipment?（他们需要自带设备吗？）【中考模拟】31．—Dad,mustIbeeadoctorlikeyouwhenIfinishuniversityinthefuture?—________.Youcanmakeyourowndecisionanddowhateveryoulike.A．Yes,youmust B．No,youneedn't C．Yes,youcan D．No,youcan't32．Itseemstorain.You________watertheflowersinthegarden.A．must B．needn't C．should D．mustn't33．—Mustwefinishdoingtheprojecttoday?—No,you________.NextweekisOK.A．can't B．mayno C．needn't D．mustn't34．—MustIwritethereportbyhand,Mrs.Taylor?—No,you________.Youcanwriteitontheputer.A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．shouldn't35．—Iheardyouwenttoseeadoctorthismorning.—That'strue.Butyou________worryaboutme.It'snotserious.A．needn't B．mustn't C．couldn't D．can't答案：BBCAA（6）will、would的用法1.表示恭谦的请求、建议等，常用于疑问句，would比will委婉客气Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindow?（你介意我开窗吗？）表示意志、愿望和决心Iwillneverdothatagain.（我再也不那样了。）IwillgotoBeijingtohavealookwhenIgrowup.（当我长大的时候，我要去北京看看。）表示估计或猜想Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.（我离开家的时候，估计十来岁。）wouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定搭配Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any；Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?（你想要喝点儿什么吗？）Yes.Pleasegivemeacupofcoffee.（是的，请给我来一杯咖啡。）【中考模拟】36．—Don'tusemyputerplease.—Sorry!I________doitagain.A．can't B．mustnot C．won't D．should37．—Remembertocallmewhenyouarrive,Mike.—I________,mum.A．must B．can C．will D．should38．MotherhadahardtimegettingHelenupinthemorning.Shecalledandcalled,butHelen________wakeup.A．wouldn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't39．________youliketogotoschoolwithme?A．Can B．Are C．Would D．Does40．—Wouldyoulike__________todrink,Lucy?

—Thanks.Acupofgreentea,please.A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing答案：CCACA（7）与情态动词相关的惯用语1.cannothelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Icannothelpsmiling.我情不自禁地笑了。2.cannot…too+adj./adv.无论怎样都不为过，越……越好Youcannotbetoocarefulwhiledriving.开车的时候，你越小心越好。cannot+比较级=最高级Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?周末去野餐怎么样？Icouldn’tagreemore.我非常赞同。wouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB.宁愿做A这件事，也不愿做B这件事IwouldratherwatchTVthangoouttowatchamovie.=IwouldwatchTVratherthangoouttowatchamovie.我宁愿看电视也不愿出去看电影。5.sth.needdoing是主动形式表示被动=needtobedone（见被动语态详解）Theflowersinthegardenneednow.（花园里的花需要浇水了。）6.as......assb.can/could=as......assb.possible尽可能......Thevolunteerspokeasclearlyashecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandhim.那个志愿者尽可能地讲清楚以便游客们能够听懂他。【中考模拟】41．Heisjustakid.We'dbetter________toostrictwithhim.A．nottobe B．notbe C．benot D．benotto42．—Whoseisthepencilbox?—It________beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A．can B．may C．need D．must43．—WhenwetalkaboutdeliciousfoodinWuhan,HotDryNoodles_________bementioned.—Withoutdoubt,itisquitepopular.A．might B．must C．could D．shall44．—MayIsmokehere?—No,you________.Nosmokingintheschoolyard.A．needn't B．wouldn't C．couldn't D．mustn't45．Thebook________beMary's.Wecanseehernameonit.A．must B．need C．can't D．needn't46．—Whodoesthemathbookonthefloorbelongto?—It_________beSandy's.Look,hernameisonthecoverofthebook.A．might B．must C．shall D．may47．—MissLi.Idon'twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.—I'mafraidyou________.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A．may B．haveto C．mustn't D．needn't48．—Chris,shallwegotothebookstorethisafternoon?—I'msorry,David,butI________meetmycousinatthetrainstation.A．can B．may C．could D．haveto49．—I'dliketobuysomeMagicNovels.—Youhadbetter________thekindofbooks.Thestoriesinthemarefarfromreallife.A．read B．notread C．count