高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词课件（72张）

非谓语动词Ⅰ.概述非谓语动词动词不定式

V-ing

V-ed非谓语动词现在分词动名词do主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主宾表定状补不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√现在分词doing

havingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone

√√√√动名词√√√√

过去分词

done

√√√√非谓语动词用法比较*Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.*Seeingisbelieving.

*Wecallsuchanactcheating.*Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting

主语表语宾补同位语1、动名词的句法功能*Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池

*Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法①动名词做定语动名词与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。②动名词充当宾语Shedoesn'tallowsmokinghere.只能接动名词作宾语的动词：advise,suggest,appreciate,avoid,imagine,deny否定,delay拖延,enjoy,escape,riskfinish,mind,forbid禁止,keep只能接动名词作宾语的词：miss,practise,resist抵制prevent,forgive原谅,require,beworth,feellike,burstout,putoff,cannothelp禁不住blame指责scold指责criticise批评forgive原谅excuse原谅pardon原谅punish惩罚thank感谢＋sb.＋fordoingsth.to为介词,接动名词作宾语的短语lookforwardtobeaccustomedtobe/getusedtogetdowntopayattentiontodevote...tosticktobelongtorefertoobjecttoleadtothanksto2、动名词与不定式的区别①作主语时与不定式的区别

Lyingiswrong.

Tolieiswrong.动名词作主语表一般的概念，强调习惯的动作。不定式作主语表特定的、具体的或尚未发生的动作。

②

作表语时与不定式的区别

MyjobisteachingEnglish.Myworkistocleantheroom.动名词作表语表抽象的、习惯的动作。不定式作表语表具体的、或将要发生的动作。注意：当主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者形式上应保持一致：

Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实③

作宾语时与不定式的区别

IlikeplayingfootballbutIdon’tliketoplayitnow.动名词作宾语表习惯的动作。不定式作宾语表具体的或一次性的动作。④作定语时与不定式的区别

Thisisareadingroom.Theproblemtobediscussedisveryimportant.动名词作定语表示名词的用途。不定式作定语表尚未发生的动作。3、动名词与现在分词的区别动名词做定语，表明先行词的用途。分词做定语，表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

aswimmingboyaswimmingpool=

boywhoisswimming

=apoolforswimmingtheboilingwaterdrinkingwater=

thewaterthatisboiling

=waterfordrinking

4、动名词的时态和语态①动名词的时态一般式完成式Wedon’tlikehistalkingthatway.Shedreamsofbecomingadoctor.Shewaspraiseforhavinghelpedtheoldman.动名词一般式表示的动作，与谓语动词同时发生或之后发生。动名词完成式表示的动作，发生在谓语动词之前。注意：有时用动名词的一般式代替完成式Irememberreadingthebook.Thankyouforhelpingme.Afterworkingfor2hours,webegantohavearest.②动名词的语态主动式被动式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendoneHefeelslikebeingtakentoBeijing.Hewasexcitedforhavingbeenpraised.③动名词的否定式在动名词前加not构成，有时为了强调，用noIregretnothavingtoldyouthetruth.Noparkinghere,please.5、与动名词有关的句型1.It’snouse/need/good+doingsth.It’suseless/worthwhile+doingsth.It’snousetalkingwithhim.2.Thereis+no+doingsth.Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.havefun(in)+doingsth3.haveagoodtime(in)doingsth.happyhardwonderfulhavedifficulty(in)doingsth.trouble4.注意：takethetroubletodosth.不辞劳苦地做某事Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.不妨做……Thereisnoharmtrying.不妨一试

5.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.做某事没有用、没有意义waste6.spend+时间/钱(in)doingsth.7.Sth.+want+doingneedrequire某物需要被……Ⅱ.动词不定式1.不定式的基本形式的变化时态被动主动完成式一般式todo进行式tobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone2、不定式在句中充当的成分Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.

ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.

①主语Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.

②宾语

接不定式(不接动名词)作宾语的常用动词：afford,agree,arrange,intend,beg,fail,attempt,determine,decide,hope,plan,manage,offer,want,pretend,promise,refuse,expect,hesitate,tend*Ihavenodesiretotravel.

*Sheisalwaysthefirst/laststudenttoarriveatschool.

*Heisthebestmantodothejob.③定语(常置于名词之后)句型：

It’stimetogetup.Thereisnoneedtogivehimsomuchmoney.Hisjobistoguard.MytaskistofinishExercise2.④表语不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质

Theyaretobemarried.Iwasabouttoleavewhen…区别*Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.*Hetriedonlytofail.*Shewas

happytohearthenews.状语目的状语原因状语结果状语⑤A.不定式做目的状语，通常在译成中文时可用“为了”来表示。Wemadeafiretokeepuswarm.inordertodosth.soastodosth.B.不定式做原因状语，主要用于形容词作表语时，表喜怒哀乐等。Iamgladtoseeyou.I’msorrytohearthat.Heisreadytohelpothers.C.不定式做结果状语句型1:only/thustodosth.表示出乎意料的结果Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.句型2：so+adj./adv.+astodosth.such+n.+astodosth.

Heisnotsofoolishamanastobelieveher.Heisnotsuchafoolishmanastobelieveher.句型3：adj./adv.+enough+todosth.Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.句型4：too+adj./adv.+todosth.太……以致不能Iamtootiredtostepfurther.比较：Iamtoogladtohelpyou.Iamonlytooreadytohelpyou.too+adj./adv.+todosth.当too前有not,never,only,quite,all,but修饰时，或too后面的形容词是ready,glad,anxious,willing,eager等时，表“很，极其，非常”It’snottooeasytolearn.Iamtoogladtohelpyou.Heaskedmetohelphim.Iwasaskedtohelphim.⑥补语

*常带todo做宾补的词：ask,requiretell,orderget，want,allow,permitencourageinspire,inviteurge,expectforce+sb.todosth.*常带todo做宾补的词：advisedriveforbidpersuadepreferremindteachwish+sb.todosth.*常带省略to的不定式作宾补的词：感观动词：hear,notice,feel,see,observe,watch使役动词：make,let,haveHemadehissistercry.宾补Hissisterwasmadetocry.主补Hiswish,tobeateacher,nevercametrue.Ihavenoideawheretoholdtheparty.⑦同位语

Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.totellthetruthtobefrank,tobeexacttobeginwith⑧插入语、独立成分

3.“wh-疑问词+不定式”的用法不定式可以和疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what疑问副词when,where,how,连词whether,asif等连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，补语。*Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.*Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.

*Idon’tknowwhichonetochoose.①宾语补足语中省略to感观动词：hear,notice,feel,see,observe,watch使役动词：make,let,have4、不定式的省略②不定式作表语，其前面的主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式省略to

。Allhecandoiswait.Whathedidwaslosethegame.③句中含有实义动词do时，but,except,suchas等后面的to省略。*Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.*Ihavenothingtodobutsitthere.比较：Ihavenothingtosaybuttositthere.④Lookingatthephotos,hecan’tbutlaugh.情不自禁…...cannotbutdosth.cannothelpdoingcannothelpbutdosth.can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙…⑤

同一结构并列由and或or连接Iwanttofinishitandgohome.Idon’tknowwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Todoornottodoisunknown.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)⑥Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather等词后省to。You’dbettergonow.prefertodo…ratherthando⑦不定式作宾语、宾补时，常为了避免重复，省略不定式，但必须保留不定式的小品词to；如果不定式含有tobe或tohavedone时，则必须保留tobe或tohave；如果不定式为否定形式时，则用notto*Iaskedhimtoplay,buthedidn’twantto.*--Areyouateacher?--No,butIusedtobe.*--Hehasn’tfinishedityet.--Well,heoughttohave.*--ShallIgoinsteadofhim?--Iprefernotto.①不定式与前面被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时Ihavegotalettertopost.(Iwillposttheletter.)5、不定式的主动表被动Ihavesomecoatstowash.Ihavesomecoatstobewashed.②不定式做表语形容词的状语时,可以理解为省略