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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年福建省福州市六校高一(下)期末英语试卷一、选词填空-句子:本大题共2小题,共15分。1.
A.soughtB.launchedC.unfoldedD.majorityE.indespairF.lackinginG.underconstruction(1)Hegaveupthestrugglehopelessly.______(2)Thebirdspreadopenitswingsandflewaway.______(3)Theylookedforsomewheretoshelter,butfailed.______(4)Atlasttheorganisationstartedacampaigntoprotecttheriver.______(5)Thoughshortofexperience,Jackmadeupforitinenthusiasm.______(6)Inthenursingprofession,womenareinthelargestpartofthegroup.______(7)Ihadtochooseanotherwaybackhome,becausetheroadtomyhousewasbeingbuiltatthemoment.______2.
argueadmitpermitlackspotapologisedetermineincase(of)runout(of)judgefrom(1)______difficulty,justcallonme.(1)Heisalways______moneybeforepayday.(2)Beyond______,smokingisharmfultohealth.
(4)______herlastletter,sheishavingawonderfultime.(3)Someone______himleavingthebuildingsoonafterwards.(4)Inthelab,don'ttouchanythingwithoutyourteacher's______.(5)Hemadeasincere______tomeforspillingcoffeeonmydress.(6)Shegavemea______look-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.二、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。AMakespaceinyoursummerforfreefun
Youdon'thavetogotothemoontomeetanastronaut.YoucandoitattheAirandSpaceMuseumonJuly16.
PioneeringpilotAmeliaEarhartdisappearedonaflightaroundtheglobein1937.Butshe'llbeattheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumonJuly16-themuseum'sfirstFamilyDayoftheseason-totellyouallaboutheradventures.(Okay,it'sactuallyanactresspretendingtobeEarhart.)NASAastronautPatrickForresterwillbetheretoansweryourquestions,too.Cometolearnhowspaceexplorationchangedtheworld.
AnotherFamilyDayeventtakesplaceonJuly25.At"DiscovertheMoonDay!"youcansteer(驾驶)aroboticrover(avehicleforexploringthesurfaceofaplanet),examinemeteorites(陨石)thatwerefoundonthemoon,seethecapsule(太空舱)thattooktheApollo11astronautsthereandbackandviewphotosofthelunarsurfaceusing3-Dglasses.
Youcancreatelunarartandtakeamoonquiz.We'llgiveyouoneexample:July20,1969-46yearsagothismonth.Doyouknowwhathappenedthatday?
NationalAirandSpaceMuseum
IndependenceAvenueatSixthStreetSW
Opendaily10a.m.to7:30p.m.throughSeptember1(withafewearlyclosingsat5:30p.m.;visitourwebsitefordetails).
FamilyDayprogramsarefrom10a.m.to3p.m.InformationspecialistsareavailableMondaythroughFridayfrom9a.m.to5p.m.andSaturdayfrom9a.m.to4p.m.
Allages,butbestforage7andolder.
Formoreinformation,call202-633-2214orgotowww.airandspace.si.edu.3.WhatcanmuseumvisitorsdoonJuly16?______A.Createlunarart.
B.Stepintoanunusualcapsule.
C.SeeamovieaboutEarhart'sadventures.
D.Learnaboutamissingwomanpilot'sadventures.4.Whatdoweknowabout"DiscovertheMoonDay!"?______A.Itincludesamoonquizcompetition.
B.It'sthefirstFamilyDayatthemuseum.
C.Itfeaturesafamousastronaut'sexplanations.
D.Itgivespeoplefirst-handexperienceofspace.5.What'stheclosingtimefortheFamilyDayprograms?______A.3p.m. B.4p.m. C.5:30p.m. D.7:30p.m.BIdidn'tquiteknowwhatIwaslookingforwhenIflewtoMongoliaforatermabroad.Ijustneededsomethingdifferent,farfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.Mostdifferent,Ihoped,wouldbemyruralhomestay:twoweeksincentralMongoliawithafamilyofnomadic(游牧的)herders.
IwasstudyingMongolianatthetime,butstill,therewassomuchIcouldn'tsayorunderstand.Aswewalkedinthesnowbehindthegoats,myhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascold,thengiggle(咯咯地笑)andcopyabigshivertomakesureIunderstood.Intheevenings,sheshowedmehowtomakedumplingswithherfingers.Myhostsiblingswouldtalkwithme,speakingtoofastformetounderstand,asweexploredtherocksaroundourtent;I'dlistenandnod.
Thisverbal(言语的)barrierwasstrangelyfreeing.Inthecrowdeddininghallathome,meetingnewpeoplemademeanxious.I'dstayquiet,measuringoutmywords,strugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldn'texposemeasunfunnyorboring.InMongolia,Icouldn'tperfectmywords.Icouldonlysmile,andtryoutoneofthephrasesI'dmastered:"MayIhelp?""Whereisthedog?""Areyoutired?"Myhostfamilylaughedatmypronunciation,atthewayIthrewupmyhandsandeyebrowsinafrequentgestureofconfusion.Butintheirlaughter,Ifeltsafe,unembarrassed.
WithmyMongolianfamilyonthegrassland,IfoundafeelingofeaseI'dneverfeltbefore.Weweresodifferent,theyandI,andnotjustinlanguage.Theirskinwashardenedanddarkenedbysun;I'dbeenhiddenunderhatsandsunscreensincebirth.Myhostsiblings(兄弟姐妹)grewupdrawingwaterfromfrozenstreamsandjoggingbehindherdsofsheep;Ispentsummersattenniscamp.
Forme,thesegapsmadeallthedifference.Withoutsharedsocialmeasures,IwastednotimewonderinghowIwasmeasuringup.Onlyrealthings-kindness,helpfulness-mattered.6.WhydidtheauthorgotoMongoliaforatermabroad?______A.Shedreamedoflivinganomadiclife.
B.Shewastiredofstudyinglateatnight.
C.ShehadtostudyMongolians'normallife.
D.Shewascollectinginformationforlibraries.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"shiver"inparagraph2mean?______A.Hug. B.Smile. C.Attack. D.Shake.8.Howdidtheauthorbehaveatthedininghallinherhomecountry?______A.Shefeltateaseinthecrowd.
B.Sheusuallyweighedherwords.
C.Sheaskedalotoffunnyquestions.
D.Sheoftenmadeotherslaughwithjokes.9.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromherlifeinMongolia?______A.Youarejudgedwhereveryougo.
B.Naturemakeshumansfeelinsignificant.
C.Appearancereflectsone'sstandardoflife.
D.Beingkindisthecommonsocialstandard.CImagineyoufoundawalletcontainingastranger'scontactdetailsbutnocash.Wouldyoureturnittoitsowner?Nowimaginethesamewalletcontainedafewbanknotes.Wouldthatchangeyourresponse?Doesitdependontheamountofmoney?Andhowdoyouthinkotherpeoplewouldreact?
Honestymakestheworldgoround.Withoutpeopletrustinginoneanother,societywouldfallapart.Honestyisthereforestudiedacademically.Mostworkinthearea,though,takesplaceundercontrolledconditionsinlabs,oftenfeaturing(以…为特点)well-offandwell-educatedWesternersasitssubjects.Bycontrast,AlainCohnoftheUniversityofMichiganandhiscolleagueshavetakensuchbehavioraleconomicsaroundtheworld,covering40countries,355citiesandmorethan17,000people.
AstheteamreportedthisweekinScience,DrCohn'sresearchassistantsenteredpublicbuildings.Theyhandedinawallettothereceptionist,sayingtheyhadfounditonthestreetoutside.Eachwalletcontainedcontactdetails.Importantly,somewalletsalsoincluded$13.45,whileothersnot.Then,theteamsimplywaitedtoseewhowouldreturnthewallet.
In38ofthe40countries,thewalletswithmoneywerereturnedmoreoftenthanthosewithout(51%vs40%).Inaddition,walletscontainingalargersumofmoney($94.15)wereevenmorelikely(byaboutanother10%)tobereturnedthanthosewithless.
Withgreatertemptation(诱惑),then,comesgreaterhonesty—atleastwhenitcomestolostwallets.Interestingly,though,suchhonestyisnotreflectedinpeople'sexpectationsofothers.Whensurveyed,mostof299volunteerspredictedthatthemoremoneyinawallet,thelesslikelyitwouldbereturned.
Acertaindoubtaboutthemotivesofothersisprobablygoodforsurvival.Butthewarminnerthoughtof"doingtherightthing"isalsoapowerfulmotivation.Howthisaltruismdevelopedismuchdebated—particularlywhenitextends,asinDrCohn'sexperiments,tostrangerswhomthealtruisthasnoexpectationofevermeeting.Bethatasitmay,asthisstudyshows,suchaltruismisrealanduniversal.10.HowisAlainCohn'sresearchdifferentfromtheprevious?______A.Itwascarriedoutincontrolledsituations.
B.Morescientistsparticipatedintheresearch.
C.Itcoveredvariedsubjectsandbackgrounds.
D.Ittooknoaccountofwell-educatedWesterners.11.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?______A.Rateofhonestyvariesamongcountries.
B.Peoplepreferreturningwalletswithoutmoney.
C.Thelessmoneyinawallet,thehigherrateofreturning.
D.Walletswithmoremoneyaremorelikelytobegivenback.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?______A.Peoplearemorehonestthanweexpect.
B.Peopletendtoexpecthonestyfromothers.
C.Moremoneyalwaysmeansgreaterhonesty.
D.Mostpeoplelosehonestyfacinggreattemptation.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"altruism"inthelastparagraphmean?______A.Doubtofothers'motivations. B.Understandingofpeople'sdoubt.
C.Themotivationforsurvival. D.Concernforothers'needs.DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.14.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?______A.Itimpliesanger. B.Itpromotesfriendship.
C.Itisculture-specific. D.Itiscontent-based.15.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?______A.TheChinese. B.TheFrench. C.TheMexicans. D.TheRussians.16.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?______A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.
B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.
C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.
D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.17.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?______A.SoundandSilence
B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent
C.SilencetoNativeAmericans
D.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold三、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。FlorenceNightingalewasnamedafterherbirthplace,Florence,Italy.Whenshewasalmostayearold,shereturnedwithherfamilytoEngland.
Florenceoftenhelpedhermotherdeliverfoodtothepoorandsick.(1)______.Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespectedprofession.
ButFlorencewasdetermined.Shestudiedbooksonmedicine.Later,shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeverythingshecould.(2)______.
In1854,BritainwasatwarwithRussia.FlorencewenttotheBritishhospitalinScutari(nowÜsküdarinIstanbul)andshewasshocked.Thehospitalleftmenlyingonthefloor,andratswererunningeverywhere.(3)______.Manysoldiersdiedbeforereceivinghelp.
Thedoctorswouldn'tlistentoFlorencebecausetheydidn'tliketheideaofwomeninarmyhospitals-untiloneday500unexpectedcasualties(伤亡者)arrived.(4)______.Florencemadechanges,makingsurethemenwerewashedandtheirinjurieswerecaredfor.Everynightshewouldcheckthepatientswithherlamp.
Whenshereturnedhomeafterthewar,afundhadbeensetupinherhonor.Manyofthesoldiersshehadnursedhadmadecontributions.NowshecouldsetuptheNightingaleTrainingSchoolinLondon.
Afteryearsofhardwork,FlorenceNightingalesawcleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals.(5)______.Allofthiswasbecauseofthe"ladywiththelamp".
A.Nursingbecameanhonoredprofession.
B.Therewasnorunningwaterandnoheat.
C.Sheknewshehadmuchtolearnaboutnursing.
D.Florencesawthesoldiers'healthhadimproved.
E.Asshegrewolder,shedecidedtobecomeanurse.
F.TheysoonrealizedthatFlorenceknewwhatshewasdoing.
G.Uponreturninghome,shewasanexpertonhospitalmanagement.18.A.AB.BC.CD.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.D E.E F.F G.G21.A.A B.BC.CD.D E.E F.F G.G22.A.A B.BC.CD.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。Iusedtowalkaroundthestorewithmyparents,constantlybeggingforsomething.Istillrememberthe(1)______ofallthebrightbagsofchipsandcandiesthatIaskedmymomtobuyforme.Atthattime,Ihadnoreal(2)______aboutthevalueofmoney.
WhenIwasabouttwelveyearsold,mydadalways(3)______mybeggingandtoldmewithanangryface,"Youcanwasteallthemoneyyou(4)______whenyouhaveajob."Ilistenedtohim,butIneverreallyunderstoodthemessagehewastryingto(5)______tome.
I(6)______tofindapart-timejobwhenIwas18.Oneday,ayoungmanhandedmeaflyer(传单),whichsaidatthetop"Lookingforasummerjob?Bea(7)______!"IstartedtothinkaboutthemoneyIcouldmake,soI(8)______.Afewminutesaftermyapplicationwassent,IgotanemailfromAMSPools,informingmetohavea(n)(9)______thenextday.
AfterI(10)______thetrainingprocess,Ifinallystartedthejob.Everyafternoon,Iworkedinthepool,keepingaclosewatchontheswimmingpeople.IwasproudIrescuedseveraldrowningchildren.AndIcouldearnmypocketmoneywithmyskill.However,themoremoneyImade,thelessIwantedto(11)______.Insteadofwastingmymoneyon(12)______things,Istartedsavingup.Asthepay(13)______,sodidmyunderstandingofmoney.Icameto(14)______thatmoneymeantsomuchmoretomebecauseIwastheoneworkingforit.BecauseIvaluemymoney,IlimitmyselftowhatIbuy.Inowhave3,300dollarsinmybank(15)______.23.A.photo B.scene C.symbol D.dream24.A.knowledge B.command C.skill D.technology25.A.followed B.appreciated C.refused D.accepted26.A.earn B.spot C.lose D.discover27.A.announce B.express C.introduce D.admit28.A.failed B.agreed C.pretended D.decided29.A.waiter B.secretary C.nurse D.lifeguard30.A.applied B.quit C.stayed D.stopped31.A.instruction B.interview C.performance D.flight32.A.cameacross B.tookover C.gaveup D.wentthrough33.A.eat B.save C.spend D.do34.A.meaningful B.useless C.important D.necessary35.A.increased B.remained C.dropped D.floated36.A.complain B.comment C.regret D.realize37.A.account B.password C.book D.logo(徽标)五、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。38.China'sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthan(1)______(that)ofRussiaandtheUS,butithasmadegreatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto(2)______(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003,(3)______YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.ThenShenzhou6and7completed(4)______secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,(5)______(follow)bythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface.On23July2020,TianwenI(6)______(send)byChinatoexplorethesurfaceofMars.ItarrivedinFebruary2021andthensentbacklotsof(7)______(value)information.Andfrom2021to2022,Chinacompletedanumberofrocketmissionstoestablishitsownspacestation.In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodulesignaledthebasic(8)______(complete)oftheTiangongSpaceStation.Thismodernspacestationwillallowastronauts(9)______(conduct)manyimportantexperiments,greatly(10)______(further)ourunderstandingoftheuniverse.六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。39.假定你是李华,你的美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样(sampling)的新闻后,发来邮件和你讨论探月话题。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
(1)月亮在中国文化中的寓意;
(2)你对人类探月活动的看法。
注意:
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
DearJim,
I'mgladtosharewithyouaboutmystronginterestinmoonexploration.
Yours,LiHua
答案解析1.(1)E(2)C(3)A(4)B(5)F(6)D(7)G【解析】(1)考查介词短语。句意:他绝望地放弃了斗争。"hopelessly"的同义词为介词短语"indespair绝望地",故选E。
(2)考查动词。句意:那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。"spreadopen"的同义词为动词"unfolded张开",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选C。
(3)考查动词。句意:他们想找个地方避难,但没有找到。"looked"的同义词为动词"sought"和for连用表示"寻找",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选A。
(4)考查动词。句意:最后,该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。"started"的同义词为"launched发起",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选B。
(5)考查形容词短语。句意:杰克虽然缺乏经验,但热情弥补了这一点。"shortof"的同义词为形容词短语"lackingin缺乏",故选F。
(6)考查名词。句意:在护理职业中,女性所占比例最大。"largestpartofthegroup."的同义词为名词"majority大多数",故选D。
(7)考查介词短语。句意:我不得不选择另一条回家的路,因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。"beingbuilt"的同义词为介词短语"underconstruction在修建中",故选G。
(1)他绝望地放弃了斗争。
(2)那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。
(3)他们想找个地方避难,但没有找到。
(4)最后,该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。
(5)杰克虽然缺乏经验,但热情弥补了这一点。
(6)在护理职业中,女性所占比例最大。
(7)我不得不选择另一条回家的路,因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。2.(1)Incaseof(2)runningoutof(3)argument(4)Judgingfrom(5)spotted(6)permission【解析】(1)考查。句意:万一有困难,就来找我。根据句意可知此处为介词短语"incaseof万一",后跟名词,句首单词首字母大写,故填Incaseof。
(2)考查。句意:他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。根据句意可知此处为"runoutof用光",和主语之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词和is构成现在完成时态,故填runningoutof。
(3)考查。句意:毋庸置疑,吸烟有害健康。根据句意可知此处为不可数名词argue的名词"argument",构成介词短语beyondargument"毋庸置疑",故填argument。
(4)考查。句意:从她的上一封信来看,她过得很愉快。根据句意可知此处为"judgefrom根据……判断",常用现在分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填Judgingfrom。
(5)考查。句意:不久之后,有人发现他离开了大楼。根据句意可知此处为"spot发现",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故填spotted。
(6)考查。句意:在实验室里,未经老师允许,不要触摸任何东西。根据句意可知此处为permit的名词"permission允许",作介词的宾语,故填permission。
(7)考查。句意:他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。根据句意和前面的不定冠词a,可知此处为apologise的名词单数形式"apology道歉",作宾语故填apology。
(8)考查。句意:她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。根据句意可知此处为determine的形容词"determined坚定的",在定语修饰名词,故填determined。
(1)万一有困难,就来找我。
(2)他他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。
(3)毋庸置疑,吸烟有害健康。
(4)从她的上一封信来看,她过得很愉快。
(5)不久之后,有人发现他离开了大楼。
(6)在实验室里,未经老师允许,不要触摸任何东西。
(7)他因把咖啡洒在我的衣服上而向我真诚道歉。
(8)她坚定地看了我一眼——那种表示她不会改变主意的眼神。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。3~5.D、D、A【解析】1.D.细节理解题.根据第二段中的"PioneeringpilotAmeliaEarhartdisappearedonaflight"和"onJuly16…totellyouallaboutheradventures"可知,在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中,游客可以了解一些关于Earhart这名失踪的女飞行员的历险故事.故选D.
2.D.细节理解题.根据第三段中列举的"发现月球日"活动:steeraroboticrover,examinemeteorites,seethecapsule和viewphotosofthelunarsurface可知,该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会.故选D.
3.A.细节理解题.根据文章后半部分中的"FamilyDayprogramsarefrom10a.m.to3p.m."可知,家庭日活动到下午3点结束.故选A.
本文是应用文.文章是美国国家航空航天博物馆的活动介绍.
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.6~9.B、D、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段的Ididn'tquiteknowwhatIwaslookingforwhenIflewtoMongoliaforatermabroad.Ijustneededsomethingdifferent,farfromthelate-nightlibrariesofmycollegetown.(当我飞往蒙古去国外学习的时候,我并不知道我在寻找什么。我只是需要一些不同的东西,远离我大学城的深夜图书馆)可知,作者去蒙古留学一学期是因为她厌倦了深夜学习。故选B。
(2)词义猜测题。根据第二段的IwasstudyingMongolianatthetime,butstill,therewassomuchIcouldn'tsayorunderstand.Aswewalkedinthesnowbehindthegoats,myhostmomwouldaskmeifIwascold,thengiggle(咯咯地笑)andcopyabigshivertomakesureIunderstood.(当时我正在学习蒙古语,但仍然有很多东西我说不出来或听不懂。当我们跟在山羊后面走在雪地里的时候,我的寄宿妈妈问我冷不冷,然后咯咯地笑,并模仿一个大大的……,以确保我明白)可知,因为下雪了天冷而作者不能完全听懂蒙古语,因此寄宿妈妈会做一个发抖的动作问作者冷不冷,则划线词意为:颤抖。A.Hug拥抱;B.Smile微笑;C.Attack攻击;D.Shake颤抖。故选D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第三段的Inthecrowdeddininghallathome,meetingnewpeoplemademeanxious.I'dstayquiet,measuringoutmywords,strugglingforsomethingtosaythatwouldn'texposemeasunfunnyorboring.(在国内拥挤的食堂里,结识新朋友让我感到焦虑。我会保持安静,掂量着自己的用词,挣扎着想说点什么,这样才不会让人觉得我无趣或无聊)可知,作者在国内的食堂里经常斟酌用词以避免说话的无趣。故选B。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段的Forme,thesegapsmadeallthedifference.Withoutsharedsocialmeasures,IwastednotimewonderinghowIwasmeasuringup.Onlyrealthings-kindness,helpfulness-mattered.(对我来说,这些差距让一切变得不同。没有共同的社交衡量标准,我没有浪费时间去想我是如何衡量的。只有真正的东西——善良,乐于助人——才是重要的)可知,作者从她在蒙古的生活中感悟到善良是共同的社会准则,不分国度。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在蒙古留学的经历,她发现与游牧家庭相处时,语言不再是障碍,善良和真诚才是重要的社会标准。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。10~13.C、D、A、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第二段Mostworkinthearea,though,takesplaceundercontrolledconditionsinlabs,oftenfeaturing(以…为特点)well-offandwell-educatedWesternersasitssubjects.BycontrastAlainCohnoftheUniversityofMichiganandhiscolleagueshavetakensuchbehavioraleconomicsaroundtheworld,covering40countries,355citiesandmorethan17,000people.(不过,该领域的大多数研究都是在实验室可控的条件下进行的,研究对象往往是富裕且受过良好教育的西方人。相比之下,密歇根大学的阿兰•科恩和他的同事将这种行为经济学带到世界各地,覆盖了40个国家、355个城市和超过17000人。)可知,AlainCohn的研究与以往不同,他的研究涵盖了不同的对象和背景,故选C。
(2)推理判断题。根据第四段In38ofthe40countries,thewalletswithmoneywerereturnedmoreoftenthanthosewithout(51%vs40%).Inaddition,walletscontainingalargersumofmoney(﹩94.15)wereevenmorelikely(byaboutanother10%)tobereturnedthanthosewithless.(在40个国家中,有38个国家有钱的钱包被返还的频率高于那些没有钱的钱包(分别为51%和40%)。此外,钱较多的钱包(94.15美元)比那些没有那么多钱的钱包更有可能被退还(差距约10%)。)可知,研究表明,钱包里的钱越多就越有可能被归还,故选D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第五段Withgreatertemptation(诱惑),then,comesgreaterhonesty—atleastwhenitcomestolostwallets.Interestingly,though,suchhonestyisnotreflectedinpeople'sexpectationsofothers.(那么,越有诱惑越有诚信--至少对遗失的钱包来说是这样。然而,有趣的是,这种诚实并没有反映在人们对他人的期望中。)可知,从第五段得知人们比我们想象得更诚实,故选A。
(4)猜测词义题。根据最后一段Acertaindoubtaboutthemotivesofothersisprobablygoodforsurvival.Butthewarminnerthoughtof"doingtherightthing"isalsoapowerfulmotivation.Howthisaltruismdevelopedismuchdebated—particularlywhenitextends,asinDrCohn'sexperiments,tostrangerswhomthealtruisthasnoexpectationofevermeeting(对别人的动机有一定的怀疑,大概对生存有好处。但"做正确的事"这种温暖的内心想法也是一种强大的动力。这种_____是如何发展的备受争议——特别是当它延伸到利他主义者不期望会遇到的陌生人身上时,就像科恩博士的实验一样)可知altruism的意思是"关心他人的需求"。A.Doubtofothers'motivations.对他人动机的怀疑;B.Understandingofpeople'sdoubt.理解人们的疑惑;C.Themotivationforsurvival.生存的动力;D.Concernforothers'needs.关心他人的需求。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了AlainCohn博士进行了一项用金钱参与的研究,试图探测不同人的诚实度。研究表明,人们的诚实是真实而普遍的。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。14~17.C、A、D、B【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。根据第一段Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.沉默的含义因文化群体而异,交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。可知,作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的,故选C。
(2)A.细节理解题。根据第二段ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.许多印第安人珍视沉默,认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分,就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此,当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来,暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。可知,中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考,故选A。
(3)D.推理判断题。根据最后一段Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients.了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。可知,作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人,故选D。
(4)B.标题归纳题。根据第一段Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是B.What
It
Means
to
Be
Silent"沉默意味着什么",故选B。
本文是一篇健康环保类阅读,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。18~22.E、G、B、F、A【解析】(1)E.推理判断题。根据后文Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespectedprofession(职业).可知她的家人感到震惊,因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。E项:Asshegrewolder,shedecidedtobecomeanurse.随着年龄的增长,她决定成为一名护士。符合文意,故选E.
(2)G.细节理解题。根据前文Shestudiedbooksonmedicine.Later,shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeverythingshecould.可知她研究了医学方面的书籍.后来,她访问了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院,并学到了她所能学到的一切。G项:Uponreturninghome,shewasanexpertonhospitalmanagement.回家后,她是医院管理方面的专家。符合文意,故选G.
(3)B.推理判断题。根据前文Thehospitalleftmenlyingonthefloor,andratswererunningeverywhere.可知医院里的人躺在地板上,老鼠四处奔跑。由此可知,此处介绍了医院的环境。B项:Therewasnorunningwaterandnoheat.没有自来水也没有暖气。符合文意,故选B.
(4)F.联系上文题。根据前文Thedoctorswouldn'tlistentoFlorencebecausetheydidn'tliketheideaofwomeninarmyhospitals-untiloneday500
unexpectedcasualties(伤亡者)arrived.可知医生们不听佛罗伦萨的话,因为他们不喜欢军队医院里的女性观念,直到有一天有500人意外死亡。F项:他们很快意识到佛罗伦萨可以伸出援助之手。符合文意,故选F.
(5)A.推理判断题。根据前文Afteryearsofhardwork,FlorenceNightingalesawcleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals.可知经过多年的努力,弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔看到了更清洁、更愉快的医院。A项:Nursingbecameanhonoredprofession.护理成为一个光荣的职业。符合文意,故选A.
本文是一篇选句填空,文章主要介绍了弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔经常帮助母亲送食物给穷人和病人,从而引导她决心成为一名护士。听到这个消息,她的家人很震惊,应为护理不是一个受人尊重的职业。最后弗洛伦斯•南丁格尔向世人证明了,护士是一个光荣的职业。
七选五题型看似简单,实际上有时完全做对并不容易,需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力,有必要进行专门练习。首先,快速浏览一遍七个备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置;其次,快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构,分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意;其三,注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词,七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项,会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰,这时要特别细致地比对相似选项;最后,用代入法,检查答案是否合理,将所有选择答案放回空白处,通读全文,检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明
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