第05讲 任务型阅读之阅读回答问题（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（解析版）

►第05讲任务型阅读之阅读回答问题（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析阅读回答问题中考考情分析三阅读回答问题的考向1.明确命题规律和提问方式2.掌握不同题型的解题方法3.提升必考题型归纳四真题感悟中考阅读回答问题经典考题精选【复习目标】1.明确命题规律和提问方式2.掌握不同题型的解题方法【考情分析】阅读填表命题规律分析近分析近3年各地市中考英语真题可知，回答问题型阅读的话题涉及故事类、介绍类、观点建议类、饮食与健康类、科普知识类、文化风俗类及校园生活类。词数为200－260词，一般情况下，每篇文章设5个问题，其中以4个特殊疑问句、1个一般疑问句居多，少量涉及5个特殊疑问句和3个特殊疑问句、2个一般疑问句。【名师解难】1.认真审题，明确题目要求。首先阅读题目，明确题目中的关键词，在阅读文章前对所要回答的问题有所了解。2.快速浏览文章，规范答题。回答问题型任务型阅读需要利用题干中关键词，寻找文章中对应的关键词，在对应词周围寻找答案或者直接在文章中搜索答案。带着审题时对文章大意的了解以及问题快速浏览文章，以最快的速度在文章相对应的位置寻找相关信息。3.答题形式符合提问形式。不同的提问方式需要不同形式的回答，在答案简洁的基础上还要注意结构的完整。一般疑问句要用yes或no作答；特殊疑问句要根据特殊疑问词具体回答。4.仔细检查，确保答案。完成所有答题后，需要再次速读一遍文章，核对答案，确保答案的正确性。需要注意，有些题目答案可以在原文中直接找出；有些需要在原文的基础上，结合题目要求进行时态、语态、人称的转换；有些需要进行归纳总结，把正确答案重新组织语言表达出来。基本步骤1.先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。2.细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。3.复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。阅读短文题型考查及解题技巧细节理解题题型概述此类题型一般都可以根据问题中的keywords在文章中定位信息，找到答案。但在写答语时需要注意“准、精、变”，即尽量用原文的关键词回答，避开不熟悉的句式、词汇或者词组，提高准确度；不要抄原句，要进行简单扼要地概括精炼；答语的人称和时态要与问题的人称和时态保持一致。基于完整性、礼貌性、准确性及展现语言功底等，通常使用完整的句子来回答问题。具体解题方法如下：解题方法What疑问句What疑问句通常用完整的句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句)等来回答。如： 问：WhatdrewMaddie’sattentioninthenewschool? 答：Thebigplayset.注意：What用来提问目的时，应当用for短语、不定式短语等来回答。 如： 问：WhatisthepurposeofcelebratingtheEarthDay? 答：Tohelpmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Why疑问句Why疑问句提问原因，通常用because＋从句、becauseof＋短语或不定式(表目的)来回答。如： 问：Whywastheteachersurprisedwhenthegirlaskedtohosttheclassmeeting? 答：Becausethegirlseldomspokeinpublic.When疑问句When疑问句提问时间，通常用完整的句子或介词＋时间来回答。如：问：Whenwastheworldrecordforthemostsurfersononeboardbroken?答：In1989.Where疑问句Where疑问句提问地点、位置，通常用完整的句子或(介词＋)地点来回答。如： 问：Wherewasthename“BlackFriday”firstusedinthe1950s? 答：InPhiladelphia.Who疑问句Who疑问句提问身份或姓名，通常用He/She/It/They＋be动词＋具体身份或姓名来回答。如： 问：Whohasbeeninvitedtogivespeechesonyinsong? 答：QinHaiqun(aprofessionalactress)．How疑问句How疑问句提问方式，通常用Bydoing.../With＋n.或完整的句子来回答。如： 问：Howdoespollutedwatergetintopeople’sbodies? 答：Bydrinkingwater,swimmingorwateringtheirplants.How词组疑问句How词组用法答语示例Howoften提问频率次数(once/twice/threetimes/...)＋aday/week/month/year...问：Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandparents,Mary?答：Threetimesaweek.Howsoon提问时间in＋一段时间问：Howsoonwillyourmothercomeback?答：Intwodays.Howfar提问距离基数词＋距离单位(meter/kilome-ter...)问：Howfaristhepostofficefromthewriter’shome?答：It’saboutthreekilometers.Howheavy提问重量基数词＋重量单位(pound/kilo-gram...)问：Howheavyisthatbigbox?答：2pounds.Howwide提问宽度基数词＋宽度单位(meter/kilo-meter...)问：Howwideisthatnewstreet?答：About3meters.Howmuch提问不可数名词的量alittle/little...问：Howmuchmeatisthereinthefridge?答：Onlyalittle.提问价钱基数词＋价钱单位(yuan,dollar...)问：Howmuchdidyoupayforyournewdictionary?答：About40yuan.Howold提问年龄基数词(＋year/yearsold)问：Howoldisthewriter’sChineseteacher?答：Thirty(yearsold)．Howhigh/tall提问高度基数词＋高度单位(meter/kilometer...)问：HowhighisthetowerinParis?答：Twohundredmeters.Howlong提问长度基数词＋长度单位(centimeter/meter...)问：Howlongisyourruler？答：Twentycentimeters.Howmany提问可数名词的数量基数词问：Howmanystudentsarethereinthewriter’sclass?答：Sixty.Howlong提问一段时间(For＋)时间段问：HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglishsofar?答：(For)nearly8years.概括主旨题题型概述此类题型旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。按照考查对象可分为段落主旨概括和篇章主旨概括，重点考查段落主旨概括。常见设问方式WhatisParagraph7mainlyabout?Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstory?解题方法针解答此类试题时，要注意文章或段落的标题、开头与结尾。另外还要注意出现频率较高的词，这可能是主题词，通过分析主题词在本文的意义，结合主题词在文中的相关句子，整合出文章或段落的主题句。注意回答一定要言之有理，高度凝练。开放性设问题题型概述开放性试题的设问比较多样，如：观点看法类、评价类及做法建议类等。开放性试题，也叫综合语言运用。此类试题具有设问的开放性、思维的多向度和答案的多元化等特点。设问特点是多层次、多角度地设问，学生可以从不同角度来回答。答案是多元的，答案只要符合逻辑，语法正确都可以得分，答案不是唯一的。常见设问方式Whatdoyouthinkof...?whydoyouthinkso？Whatcanwedoindailylifeto...?解题方法（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题的词数要求)。Mostpeoplehaveambitions.Anambitionissomethingwewanttodo,wanttobeandwanttohave.Astudent’sambition,forexample,mightbetopasshisorherexamsandthengetagoodjob.Anathlete’sambitioncouldbetowinanimportantcompetition.Abusinessman’sambitionisusuallytomakealotofmoney.Notallambitionsareaboutsuccessatwork,however.Somepeoplejustwanttobegoodpeople,haveafamilyorhelpothers.Bob’sambitionistobeasportswriter.Hewritessportsreportsforhisclassnewspaper.Helikesmostsports,andswimmingandfootballarehisfavorites.Lily’sambitionistobeaconcertpianist.SheisveryseriousaboutitandpracticeseverydaywithherbestfriendSally.Itisveryimportanttoher.Tony’sambitionchangeseveryday!Onedayhewantstobeanastronaut.Thefollowingdayhewantstobeapopsinger.Thennextdayhewantstodrivearacingcar.Hismotherwouldbehappyifhisambitionwastogetupintimeforschooleveryday!What’syourambition?1．WhydoesLilypracticethepianoeveryday?(答题不超过10个词)2．WhatdoesTony’smotherwanthimtodo?(答题不超过10个词)3．Whatisanambition?(答题不超过15个词)【答案】1．Becauseshewantstobeaconcertpianist./Becauseherambitionistobeaconcertpianist.2．Togetupintimeforschooleveryday.3．Itissomethingwewanttodo,wanttobeandwanttohave.【导语】本文是议论文。本文主要以三个同学的抱负为例，证明了并非所有的抱负都与工作上的成功有关。1．根据“Lily’sambitionistobeaconcertpianist.SheisveryseriousaboutitandpracticeseverydaywithherbestfriendSally.”可知，因为Lily的抱负是想成为一名钢琴演奏家，所以她每天练习钢琴。故填Becauseshewantstobeaconcertpianist./Becauseherambitionistobeaconcertpianist.2．根据“Hismotherwouldbehappyifhisambitionwastogetupintimeforschooleveryday!”可知，Tony的妈妈想要Tony每天按时起床上学。故填Togetupintimeforschooleveryday.3．根据“Anambitionissomethingwewanttodo,wanttobeandwanttohave.”可知，抱负是我们想做的事，想成为的人，想拥有的东西。故填Itissomethingwewanttodo,wanttobeandwanttohave.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下面各题。Recently,aprimaryschoolinChangsha,hasputVirtualReality(VR)technology(虚拟现实技术)togooduseinanEnglishclass.WhenthestudentsputontheVRglasses,itseemedthattheyweretakenintoanewworldwheretheycouldseeforthemselves.Theycouldenjoytheviewsalongtheway,allowingmoreknowledgetobekeptinmind.VRlanguagelearningisnowstartingtobewidelyusedinmanyschools.Thinkofitlikethis.NowyouarelearningEnglishinChina,youdon’thaveenoughchancestouseEnglishifyouarenotinEnglishclasses,butifyoulearnEnglishinEnglish-speakingcountrieslikeAmericaortheUK,it’llbemucheasierforyoutomakeprogress.Nowadays,alotofappshavealsobeendesignedtoserveVRlanguagelearning.Theapp“HouseofLanguages”isoneofthem.ItisalreadyavailableontheSamsung(三星)VR.Itcansenseyourmovementandtheactsofyoureyeballs,armsandhands.WhenyouarelearningEnglishinit,alovelyracoon(浣熊)called“Mr.Woo”,willguideyoutocommunicateinEnglish.YoucanuseEnglishbyfinishingtasksMr.Woogivesyou.Forexample,youwillbeaskedtofindcertainthingsatyourhomeaccordingtotheEnglishwordsthatMr.Woogivesyou.Afteryou’vefoundthesethings,youshould“take”them,“comeback”toMr.Wooand“give”themtohim.Thenhewillsay“thanks”toyou.Sometimes,Mr.Woomayhavesomeactivitieslikefamilypartysothatyouwillhavemoretaskstofinishinthatsituation.YouwilllearnEnglishsoquicklythatyouwillevenforgetyouarelearning.VirtualRealityisshowingincreasingpromiseinlanguageeducationandthedayisn’tfarawaywhenitwillbecomeoneofthemainmediaineducation.Whataboutyou?WouldyoulearnanewlanguageinVirtualReality?4．WasiteasierforthestudentsinChangshatolearnEnglishwithVR?5．WhatcanSamsungVRsense?6．WhycantheVRhelpstudentslearnEnglishbetter?7．BesidesEnglish,whatsubjectdoyouthinkyoucanuseVRtolearn?Andhow?【答案】4．Yes./Yes,itwas.Itcansenseyourmovementandtheactsofyoureyeballs,armsandhands.BecausetheVRcanmakestudentshavechancestouseEnglishiftheyarenotinEnglishclassandmakestudentsenjoylearningEnglishquickly.7．IthinkwecanuseVRtolearnchemistry.SchoolscanuseVRtobuildvirtualsciencelabs.Intheselabs,studentscandoexperimentswithoutanydanger.【导语】本文主要介绍了VR在英语教学中的应用。4．根据“Recently,aprimaryschoolinChangsha,hasputVirtualReality(VR)technology(虚拟现实技术)togooduseinanEnglishclass.WhenthestudentsputontheVRglasses,itseemedthattheyweretakenintoanewworldwheretheycouldseeforthemselves.Theycouldenjoytheviewsalongtheway,allowingmoreknowledgetobekeptinmind.”可知，长沙的一所小学在英语课上充分利用了虚拟现实技术，当学生们戴上VR眼镜，他们被带入一个新的世界，他们可以欣赏沿途的风景，同时记住更多的知识。由此可知，VR使学生学习英语变得更容易，此处为肯定回答。故填Yes./Yes,itwas.5．根据“Itcansenseyourmovementandtheactsofyoureyeballs,armsandhands.”可知，它可以感知你的移动和你的眼球、手臂和手的动作。故填Itcansenseyourmovementandtheactsofyoureyeballs,armsandhands.6．根据“NowyouarelearningEnglishinChina,youdon’thaveenoughchancestouseEnglishifyouarenotinEnglishclasses,butifyoulearnEnglishinEnglish-speakingcountrieslikeAmericaortheUK,it’llbemucheasierforyoutomakeprogress.”和“YouwilllearnEnglishsoquicklythatyouwillevenforgetyouarelearning.”可知，学生在不上英语课时没有足够的机会使用英语，VR让学生在英语课堂之外有机会使用英语，同时学生也能快速地学习英语并乐在其中。故填BecausetheVRcanmakestudentshavechancestouseEnglishiftheyarenotinEnglishclassandmakestudentsenjoylearningEnglishquickly.7．开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为IthinkwecanuseVRtolearnchemistry.SchoolscanuseVRtobuildvirtualsciencelabs.Intheselabs,studentscandoexperimentswithoutanydanger.（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）阅读短文，根据短文内容简要回答下列问题。Sydneyisayoungcity.Itshistorygoesbackjustoveryears.ButinAustralia,itistheoldestcity.Itisalsothecountry’slargestcity.SydneyisthecapitalofNewSouthWalesandthemostpopulous(人口稠密的)cityofAustralia.Theclimate(气候)ofSydneyisverygood.It’snottoocoldduringthewinterandnottoohotduringthesummer.Theskyisblue,theairisfresh,birdssinginthegarden.PeoplewholiveinSydneyseemtohaveaneasylifestyle.Theywilltellyou,“Don’tworry.”ManypeoplethinkthatSydneyisoneofthemostattractivecitiesintheworld.Ithasmanytallandmodernbuildings.Amongthem,CentrepointToweristhetallest.Standingonthe305-metre(80storeys)tower,youwillhaveagreatviewofthecity.Sydneyisfamousforitsdeepharbor(港口).Theharborhasmanybaysandbeautifulsurfbeaches.Amongthem,Bondibeachisthemostpopular.SydneyHarborisnotonlybeautiful,italsoservesasalargeport.Shipscarrywool,wheatandmeatfromSydneytoothercountries.PeoplelivinginSydneyliketocallthemselvesSydneysiders.Theyaremostlyfriendlyandeasygoing.Whentheyarenotworking,theylovetohaveagoodtimeatthebeach,goswimmingandsailing.8．IsSydneythelargestcityinAustralia?9．HowistheclimateofSydney?Giveanexample.10．HowtallisCentrepointTower?11．WhatisSydneyfamousfor?Why?Giveatleastonereason.12．WhatdopeoplelivinginSydneylovetodowhentheyarenotworking?【答案】8．Yes,itis.It’sverygood.It’snottoocoldduringthewinterandnottoohotduringthesummer.10．It’s305meterstall.11．Sydneyisfamousforitsdeepharbor.Becauseithasmanybaysandbeautifulsurfbeaches.12．Theylovetohaveagoodtimeatthebeach,goswimmingandsailing.【导语】本文介绍了悉尼这座年轻有活力的城市。文章重点介绍了悉尼在澳大利亚的特殊重要性，气候、风景名胜和深海港以及人们的生活消遣方式等。8．根据“ButinAustralia,itistheoldestcity.Itisalsothecountry’slargestcity.”可知悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市。故填Yes,itis.9．根据“Theclimate(气候)ofSydneyisverygood.It’snottoocoldduringthewinterandnottoohotduringthesummer.”可知悉尼天气很好。冬天不太冷，夏天也不太热。故填It’sverygood.It’snottoocoldduringthewinterandnottoohotduringthesummer.10．根据“Amongthem,CentrepointToweristhetallest.Standingonthe305-metre(80storeys)tower,youwillhaveagreatviewofthecity.”可知这个塔305米高。故填It’s305meterstall.11．根据“Sydneyisfamousforitsdeepharbor(港口).Theharborhasmanybaysandbeautifulsurfbeaches.”可知悉尼以其深海港而闻名，因为这个港口有许多海湾和美丽的冲浪海滩。故填Sydneyisfamousforitsdeepharbor.Becauseithasmanybaysandbeautifulsurfbeaches.12．根据“Theyaremostlyfriendlyandeasygoing.Whentheyarenotworking,theylovetohaveagoodtimeatthebeach,goswimmingandsailing.”可知当他们不工作的时候，他们喜欢在海滩上度过美好的时光，去游泳和航海。故填Theylovetohaveagoodtimeatthebeach,goswimmingandsailing.（2023·湖南怀化·统考三模）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。Teenagersbelieveanythingispossibleiftheystudyhard.Buttheyoftenforgettothinkabouthealthydiets(饮食),enoughsleeptimeandexercise.Infact,thesethingsarereallyimportantforthemtokeephealthy.It’simportantforteenagerstogetenoughenergy.Teenagegirlsneedabout2,200caloriesadaywhileboysneedabitmore—doctorssuggest2,800forteenageboys.50%oftheircaloriesshouldcomefromhealthyfood—rice,vegetablesandfruit.Peopleoftensay“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway”.Teenagersalsoneedtodrinkalotofwater,6to8glassesaday.Teenagersusuallyneedeighttotenhours’sleepatnight,butmanyChineseteenagersdonotgetenoughsleep.Areportshowsthatwithoutagoodnight’ssleep,teenagersseemtobeweakerthantheyshouldbe.Toomuchhomeworkisnotthereasonwhyteenagersstayuplatenow.Someusemobilephoneslateintothenight.Teenagersshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Exerciseissomethingthatcanhelpthem.Expertssuggestthatteenagersshouldexerciseatleastfivetimesaweek.Theywillfeelrelaxedwhentheyexercise.Itcanevenhelpthemtosleepbetteratnight.13．Whatareimportantforteenagerstokeephealthy?14．Whoneedmorecalories,teenageboysorteenagegirls?15．Howmanyhours’sleepdoteenagersusuallyneedatnight?16．Howoftenshouldteenagersexercise?17．Canexercisehelpteenagerstosleepbetteratnight?【答案】13．Healthydiets,enoughsleeptimeandexercise.14．Teenageboys.15．Eighttotenhours.16．Atleastfivetimesaweek.17．Yes,itcan.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康的饮食，充足的睡眠以及锻炼对青少年保持健康的重要性。13．根据“Buttheyoftenforgettothinkabouthealthydiets,enoughsleeptimeandexercise.Infact,thesethingsarereallyimportantforthemtokeephealthy.”可知，青少年们经常忘记考虑健康的饮食、充足的睡眠时间和锻炼，事实上，这些东西对他们保持健康非常重要，可推测健康的饮食，充足的睡眠和锻炼对青少年保持健康很重要。故填Healthydiets,enoughsleeptimeandexercise.14．根据“Teenagegirlsneedabout2,200caloriesadaywhileboysneedabitmore—doctorssuggest2,800forteenageboys.”可知，青少年女孩每天需要大约2200卡路里，而男孩需要更多——医生建议青少年男孩需要2800卡路里，可推测青少年男孩需要更多卡路里。故填Teenageboys.15．根据“Teenagersusuallyneedeighttotenhours’sleepatnight,”可知，青少年晚上通常需要八到十个小时的睡眠。故填Eighttotenhours.16．根据“Expertssuggestthatteenagersshouldexerciseatleastfivetimesaweek.”可知，专家建议青少年每周至少锻炼五次。故填Atleastfivetimesaweek.17．根据“Itcanevenhelpthemtosleepbetteratnight.”可知，它甚至可以帮助他们晚上睡得更好，此处it指代Exercise，them指代teenagers。故填Yes,itcan.（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）阅读并回答问题。Thestorybehind“BroShankYou”RowRowRowYourBoat,atraditionalEnglishnurseryrhyme,whichisstillpopulartoday,hasenjoyedasecondwaveofpopularitybecauseofaChinesefarmer.LiuTao,amiddle-agedfarmerfromYangshuo,Guilin,SouthChina’sGuangxiZhuangautonomousregion,lovesEnglishandnicknameshimself“TeacherLiu”onashortvideoplatform(平台).Netizens(网友)areamusedbyhisfunnyaccent,andteasehimcallinghim“BroShankYou”.“Inthe1980s,somanyinternationalfriendscametovisitYangshuothattheyevenoutnumberedtheChinesepeopleonthestreet.Whenseeingme,theywouldsayhello.”Liusaid.Fromthenon,hedreamedofbeinganEnglishtourguide.Hethenreturnedhometodofarmwork,butheneverstoppedlearningEnglish.Borrowingtextbooksfromfriends,Liubeganhomeschooling.“Practicemakesperfect.OnlywhenIrepeatonesentenceseveraltimes,canIrememberit.”LiuevenhasadiaryoforalEnglishwherehewrotedownmanydialoguesusedindifferentoccasions.ThoughtheCOVID-19pandemichasinfluencedthelocaltourism,Liuremainstruetohisoriginalaspiration.Heturnedtoashort-videoplatformtointroducehishometowninbothChineseandEnglish.SomepeoplelaughatLiu’saccent,butmostofthemshowtheirsupportforhimafterhearinghisstory.“Ifyouhadbeenhim,mostofyoumighthavegivenup.”“Heisprettygoodatself-learning!”“Idoadmirehisthoughtofintroducinghishometown.”Liudoesn’tfeellostinpeople’sattention,asheknowstoowellhowtransient(转瞬即逝的)people’sattentioncanbe.Buthedoeshopethattheaudiencecangethappinessandenjoythebeautifulviewsofhishometownfromhisvideos.回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。18．WhyhasRowRowRowYourBoatenjoyedasecondwaveofpopularity?19．Whatarenetizensamusedby?20．WhendidhedreamofbeinganEnglishtourguide?21．WhatdidLiuTaodoafterheborrowedtextbooksfromfriends?22．WhatdoyouthinkofLiuTao?【答案】18．BecauseofaChinesefarmer.LiuTao’sfunnyaccent./TheyareamusedbyLiu’saccent.Inthe1980s.Hebeganhomeschooling/teachinghimself.22．Hard-working./Modest./Heisgoodatself-learning.【导语】本文主要介绍了一首流行儿童歌曲的翻唱者——刘涛。18．根据“RowRowRowYourBoat,atraditionalEnglishnurseryrhyme,whichisstillpopulartoday,hasenjoyedasecondwaveofpopularitybecauseofaChinesefarmer.”可知，流行的原因是因为一位中国农民。故填BecauseofaChinesefarmer.19．根据“Netizens(网友)areamusedbyhisfunnyaccent”可知，网友被他搞笑的口音逗笑了。故填LiuTao’sfunnyaccent./TheyareamusedbyLiu’saccent.20．根据“‘Inthe1980s,somanyinternationalfriendscametovisitYangshuothattheyevenoutnumberedtheChinesepeopleonthestreet.Whenseeingme,theywouldsayhello.’Liusaid.Fromthenon,hedreamedofbeinganEnglishtourguide.”可知，在20世纪80年代他梦想成为一名英语导游。故填Inthe1980s.21．根据“Hethenreturnedhometodofarmwork,butheneverstoppedlearningEnglish.Borrowingtextbooksfromfriends,Liubeganhomeschooling.”可知，他从朋友那里借来课本，刘开始在家自学。故填Hebeganhomeschooling/teachinghimself.22．根据“SomepeoplelaughatLiu’saccent,butmostofthemshowtheirsupportforhimafterhearinghisstory.‘Ifyouhadbeenhim,mostofyoumighthavegivenup.”“Heisprettygoodatself-learning!”“Idoadmirehisthoughtofintroducinghishometown.’”可知，刘涛是一个努力、谦虚且自学能力很强的人。故填Hard-working./Modest./Heisgoodatself-learning.（2023·山东日照·校考一模）OntheeveningofSeptember26,2019,thestreetsofGenevainSwitzerlandwentdark.Thisusuallyhappenswhenthereisaproblemwiththeelectricity,butthistimethelightswereturnedofftoallowpeopletogooutsideandlookatthestars.Thisisoftenimpossibleinacitybecauseoflightpopulation.Lightpollutioniswhenlightfromstreetlightsorbuildingsmakesthenightlessdark.Therearemanyreasonswhythisisaproblem.Animalssleeplessbecausetheythinkitisstilldaytime.Birdsthatflytowarmercountriesintheautumnneedtoseethemoonandstartstofindtheirway,butlightpollutionmakesthisdifficult.Insectsandbirdsincitiesoftenflytowardslightsatnight,knockintobuildingsanddie.Lightpollutionisalsobadforus.Itcanstopussleepingandgiveusheadaches.Also,wedon’tseethesameskythatpeopleinthepastdid.Thismeanswealmostneverseeoneofthegreatestscenesintheworld:themillionsofstars.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplehaveneverseenitintheirlives.However,itisnotdifficulttodoafewthingstoreduce(减轻)lightpollution:wecanallturnlightsoffwhenwedon’tneedthemandwecancoverourwindows.Ifthereislesslightpollution,wewillonceagainbeabletoenjoythebeautyofthenightsky.23．WhywerethestreetlightsturnedoffinGeneva?24．Whathelpsbirdsfindtheirway?25．Whatbadinfluencesdoeslightpollutionhaveonpeople’shealth?26．Howcanwereducelightpollution?(atleasttwoways)27．Giveapropertitletothepassage.【答案】23．Toallowpeopletogooutsideandlookatthestars.Themoonandstars.Itcanstopussleepingandgiveusheadaches.Turnlightsoffandcoverourwindows.27．Lightpollution.【导语】本文主要介绍了光污染的危害以及我们如何减少光污染。23．根据“Thisusuallyhappenswhenthereisaproblemwiththeelectricity,butthistimethelightswereturnedofftoallowpeopletogooutsideandlookatthestars.”可知，日内瓦的街灯都关了，是为了让人们到外面去看星星。故填Toallowpeopletogooutsideandlookatthestars.24．根据“Birdsthatflytowarmercountriesintheautumnneedtoseethemoonandstarstofindtheirway,butlightpollutionmakesthisdifficult.”可知，月亮和星星帮助鸟儿们找到路。故填Themoonandstars.25．根据“Lightpollutionisalsobadforus.Itcanstopussleepingandgiveusheadaches.”可知，光污染会让我们无法入睡，还会让我们头痛。故填Itcanstopussleepingandgiveusheadaches.26．根据“However,itisnotdifficulttodoafewthingstoreduce(减轻)lightpollution:wecanallturnlightsoffwhenwedon’tneedthemandwecancoverourwindows.”可知，我们可以关掉灯，或者把窗户盖上来减少光污染。故填Turnlightsoffandcoverourwindows.27．根据“Thisisoftenimpossibleinacitybecauseoflightpopulation.”和“Lightpollutioniswhenlightfromstreetlightsorbuildingsmakesthenightlessdark.”可知，本文主要介绍的光污染，故填Lightpollution.（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题。Today,ifwetalkaboutacolor,weonlyneedtouseasimplename.Forexample,“blue”inChineseislan.ButinancientChina,thereweremanybeautifulnamesforblue,suchasyuebai,qielanandshiqing.SimilartothecolorwheeldevelopedbyIsaacNewton,ancientChinesepeoplecreatedcolorsusingtheideaofpure(纯)colorsandmixedcolors.Therewerefivepurecolors,includingqing(blue),chi(red),yellow,whiteandblack.Thesebasiccolorscanbeputtogethertoproducemixedcolors.Forexample,mixingyellowandbluecouldmakegreen.Lotsofcolorscameintobeingthankstothis.Asfornaming,ancientChinesepeoplepaidmuchattentiontotheimaginationthatcolorsbring.Forexample,dongfangjibaiisalightbluecolor.Thebluecolordescribeswhattheskylookslikeearlyinthemorning.Similarly,thepinkcolortaoyaoisusedtodescribeblossoming(开花的)peachtrees.Thepurplecolormushanzidescribesasunsetcoveringthemountain.Meanwhile,acolorwasnotjustacolor,butasymbolofsocialstatus(地位)inancientChina.Forexample,yellowwaslongseenasthesymbolofpower.Onlytheleaderofthecountryandhisfamilycoulduseit.DuringtheTangDynasty,officialsneededtowearclotheswithcertaincolors.Onlyofficialsofthetopthreegradeswereallowedtowearpurpleclothes,whilethoseofthefourthandfifthworeredclothes,thesixthandseventhofficialsworegreenclothes.Bluewasforthoseinthetwolowestgrades.Thecolorsthattheancientsleftuscanbeseeninsocietytoday.Nowadays,someTVprogramspresenttraditionalChinesecolorsinclothesandbuildings,whichexcite(引起)people’sinterestinancientcolors.28．WhatothernamesdidbluehaveinancientChinabesideslan?29．Howdidpeoplecreatethecolorgreenbyusingthepurecolors?30．Whatdoesthecolormushanzidescribe?31．WhocouldwearthecolorpurpleinancientChina?32．WhydosomeTVprogramspresenttraditionalChinesecolorsinclothesandbuildings?【答案】28．Yuebai,qielanandshiqing.Bymixingyellowandblue./Mixingyellowandbluecouldmakegreen.Thesunsetcoveringthemountain.Onlyofficialsofthetopthreegrades.32．Toexcitepeople’sinterestinancientcolors.【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统文化中对颜色的认知，重点介绍了对颜色的命名、颜色在社会地位方面的象征意义及如今人们对颜色文化的传承。28．根据“ButinancientChina,thereweremanybeautifulnamesforblue,suchasyuebai,qielanandshiqing.”可知中国古代蓝色的其他名字有月白、伽蓝和石青。故填Yuebai,qielanandshiqing.29．根据“Forexample,mixingyellowandbluecouldmakegreen.”可知把黄色和蓝色混起来能得到绿色。故填Bymixingyellowandblue./Mixingyellowandbluecouldmakegreen.30．根据“Thepurplecolormushanzidescribesasunsetcoveringthemountain.”可知暮山紫描述夕阳笼罩着整座山。故填Thesunsetcoveringthemountain.31．根据“Onlyofficialsofthetopthreegradeswereallowedtowearpurpleclothes”可知只有三品以上的官员被允许穿紫色衣服。故填Onlyofficialsofthetopthreegrades.32．根据“Nowadays,someTVprogramspresenttraditionalChinesecolorsinclothesandbuildings,whichexcitepeople’sinterestinancientcolors.”可知一些电视节目在服装和建筑上呈现中国传统色彩是为了激发人们对古代色彩的兴趣。故填Toexcitepeople’sinterestinancientcolors.（2023·重庆九龙坡·重庆实验外国语学校校考三模）Doyouhavea“dazi”?Manypeoplearelookingfordazi,oractivitypartnersontheInternet.Dazicanappearinmanydifferentwaysindailylife,fromdiningtostudying,workingandevengoingtothetoilet!Earlierthisyear,topicsaboutdazicausedahotdiscussionamongyoungpeople.Accordingtoaresearch,morethanhalfofChineseyoungpeoplehaveatleastonedazi.Therelationshipbetweendaziissimplerthananormalone.”Traditionalfriendshipsneedalotoftimetokeep,buthavingadazimeansyoudon’tneedtocarrythoseburdens（负担）,“saidShiZhimin,a17-year-oldstudent.HerideawasagreedbyGeJinyuan,anotherhighschoolstudentwhofindsherselfuncomfortablewithcloserelationships.“Havingadaziismorerelaxingforme,becauseIdon’tneedtospendmuchenergyonit,andIcanfocusmoreonmystudies,”Gesaid.GeJinyuanenjoystalkingduringlunch