2025版高考英语一轮总复习考点突破专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第三讲动词的构词规律情态动词和虚拟语气考点五虚拟语气

考点五虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种状况1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形should＋动词原形wereto＋动词原形Ifhehadtimenow,hewould(should/could/might)gowithyou.假如他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould(should/could/might)havemetthefamoussinger.假如你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)Ifitweretosnow/shouldsnow/snowedthisevening,theywould(should/could/might)notgoout.假如今日晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)2．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装假如虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不行提前。Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。3．错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一样，这时动词的形式应依据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.假如我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)4．含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的状况不用条件句表达，而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)来表示。Wewouldn'thavefinishedtheprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.假如没有你的刚好帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词otherwise,or等示意下文与前面的状况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。Heremindedmeofthemeeting,otherwiseIwouldhaveforgottenit.他提示了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。(3)虚拟条件通过but示意出来，句型结构为“虚拟状况＋but＋真实状况”。Shewouldhavecometoseeyou,butshewassobusythatday.她原来想来探望你的，但那天她太忙了。即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．Iwasbusyfinishingmypaperthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegone(go)therewiththem.2．Ifhehadlistened(listen)totheteacherattentivelyyesterday,hewouldknowtheanswertotheproblemnow.3．Ifhehadlain(lie)quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn'tsuffersomuchnow.4．Hadyoustudiedharderatcollege,youwould/couldget(get)abetterjobnow.5．ImightnothavebeenwetthenifIhadtaken(take)myraincoatwithmethismorning.二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种状况1．在“Itis＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/apity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。It'svitalthatwe(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.重视道路平安驾驶是至关重要的。2．在wouldrather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词假如表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；假如表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。I'dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。4．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气事实状况从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had＋过去分词与将来事实相反would/could＋动词原形即时演练(六)单句语法填空1．Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms(should)besent(send)backasearlyaspossible.2．Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines(should)bechecked(check)everyyear.3．HowIwishIhadn'ttried(not,try)torepairthecellphone!Ionlymadeitworse.4．Mysuggestionisthatmorepeoplefromallwalksoflife(should)beencouraged(encourage)tofinancetheprojectwiththeirdeeperloveforthesechildren.5．Myhusbandisalwaystalkingabouttheeconomy,butI'dratherhefocused(focus)moreonourchildren'seducation.三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气句型结构过去虚拟现在虚拟将来虚拟ifonly引导的条件句及感叹句had＋过去分词过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形asif/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句had＋过去分词过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形Itis(high)time(that)．..过去式或“should＋动词原形”【点津】在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是推断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。即时演练(七)单句语法填空1．Ifeltsoembarrassedwhenbeingblamedbymyteacherinclass.IfonlyIhadcompleted(complete)myhomeworklastnight!2．TheystaredatmeasifIhadcome(co