国会预算办公室-总统2025年预算中的自由支配支出提案分析（英）

congressionalBudgetoffice

NonpartisanAnalysisfortheU.S.congress

AnAnalysisofthe

DiscretionarySpendingProposalsinthe

President’s2025BudgetJUNE|2024

T

heAdministrationsubmitteditslatestannual

setofbudgetaryproposalstotheCongress

onMarch11,2024.1Inthisreport,the

CongressionalBudgetOfficeexamineshowthe

discretionaryspendingproposalsinthatbudgetcomparewithCBO’smostrecentbaselinebudgetprojections,

whichspantheyearsfrom2024to2034.2

ThePresidenthasrequestedatotalof$1.75trillionin

discretionaryappropriationsfor2025.Thatamount

includestheeffectsofproposedchangesinmandatory

programsthatwouldbeenactedinthe12annualappro-priationbills;thosechangeswould,onnet,reducebudgetauthorityby$44billionin2025(andincreaseitby

$35billionin2026),CBOestimates.3Excludingthoseeffectsonmandatoryprograms,theproposedappropri-ationsfor2025wouldtotal$1.79trillion(see

Table1

).Thatamountis$68billion(or4percent)lessthan

whathasbeenappropriatedfor2024(alsoexcluding

1.Thisanalysisdoesnotincludethebudgetaryeffectsofthe

amendmentstotheproposedbudgetthattheAdministrationsubmittedtotheCongressonMay22,2024.

2.Discretionaryspendingiscontrolledbyappropriationactsthatprovidefundingorotherwisespecifyhowmuchmoneycanbeobligatedforcertaingovernmentprogramsinspecificyears.Suchappropriationsfundabroadarrayofgovernmentactivities.

3.Budgetauthorityistheauthorityprovidedbyfederallawtoincurfinancialobligationsthatwillresultinimmediateorfutureoutlaysoffederalgovernmentfunds.Aproposaltodelayfrom2025to

2026theavailabilityofcertainfundingfortheChildEnrollmentContingencyFund($21billion),theChildren’sHealthInsuranceProgram($13billion),andtheCrimeVictimsFund($2billion)accountsfor$36billionofthe$44billionreductioninbudget

authorityattributabletoproposedchangestomandatoryprogramsinappropriationbillsfor2025.Thoseproposalswouldboost

budgetauthoritybythosesameamountsin2026,whenthedelayedfundingwouldbecomeavailableagain.Noneofthosethreechangeswouldsignificantlyaffectoutlaysinanyyear,CBOestimates.

theeffectofchangesinmandatoryprogramsenacted

in2024appropriationlegislation)—$59billionlessfor

defenseand$10billionlessfornondefenseactivities.In

addition,thePresidentrequestedobligationlimitationsof$81billionforcertaintransportationprogramsfor2025,2percentmorethantheamountfor2024.4

InanalyzingthePresident’sbudget,CBOcompares

thespendingthatwouldresultfromthediscretionary

fundingrequestedbytheAdministrationforeachyear

from2025to2034withthespendingprojectedinCBO’sbaseline.Thatbaseline,whichreflectstheassumptionthatcurrentlawsgoverningfederalspendingandrevenues

willgenerallyremaininplace,isintendedtoprovidea

benchmarkthatpolicymakerscanusetoassessthepoten-tialeffectsoffuturepolicydecisionsonfederalspendingandrevenuesand,thus,ondeficitsanddebt.BothCBO’sbaselineanditsanalysisoftheAdministration’sbudgetarebasedontheagency’smostrecenteconomicforecastanditstechnicalassumptions.5

Thebaselinereflectsfundingprovidedtodatefor

2024andthecapsthatwereestablishedbytheFiscal

ResponsibilityActof2023(FRA;PublicLaw118-5)for2025.(TheOfficeofManagementandBudget,orOMB,hasdeterminedthatfundingenactedtodatedoesnot

exceedthecapsestablishedbytheFRAfor2024.)CBO’s

4.Thebudgetauthorityforthosetransportationprogramsis

mandatory,butthespendingisconstrainedbyobligation

limitationssetinappropriationacts,andthusoutlaysfor

thoseprogramsareconsidereddiscretionary.Thoseobligation

limitationslimittheamountofbudgetauthoritythatcanbeusedinagivenyear.

5.ForCBO’smostrecentbudgetandeconomicprojections,seeCongressionalBudgetOffice,AnUpdatetotheBudgetand

EconomicOutlook:2024to2034(June2024),

/

publication/60039

.

Notes:Allyearsreferredtoarefederalfiscalyears,whichrunfromOctober1toSeptember30andaredesignatedbythecalendaryearinwhichtheyend.Numbersinthetext,tables,andfiguresmaynotadduptototalsbecauseofrounding.SupplementaldataforthisanalysisareavailableonCBO’swebsite(

/publication/60041

),asarepreviouseditionsofthisreport(

/3aph9zde

).

2ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGETJUNE2024

Table1.

ProposedChangesinDiscretionaryBudgetAuthorityinthePresident’sBudget,byFRACategory,2023to2025

Billionsofdollars

Actual,2023a

Enacted,2024

Administration’srequestfor2025b

Percentagechange

2023–2024

2024–2025

Defense

Basefundingc

861

886

895

3

1

Emergencyfunding

Fundingprovidedinadvancebylawsenactedbefore2024

*

*

*

0

0

Newemergencyfunding

33

67

0

105

-100

Subtotal,emergency

33

68

*

104

-100

Subtotal,defense

894

954

895

7

-6

Nondefense

Basefundingc

775

749

763

-3

2

Emergencyfunding

Fundingprovidedinadvancebylawsenactedbefore2024

70

70

69

**

-2

Newemergencyfunding

69

56

32

-19

-43

Subtotal,emergency

139

126

101

-9

-20

Othernonbasefundingd

28

29

30

1

5

Subtotal,nondefense

943

904

894

-4

-1

Total

1,837

1,858

1,789

1

-4

Addendum:

Obligationlimitations

78

79

81

2

2

Totalbasefunding

1,636

1,635

1,658

**

1

Totalnonbasefunding

201

223

131

11

-41

Datasource:CongressionalBudgetOffice.See

/publication/60041#data

.

FRA=FiscalResponsibilityActof2023;*=betweenzeroand$500million;**=between-1percentandzero.

Estimatesdonotincludeenactedandproposedchangestocertainmandatoryprogramsthroughtheappropriationprocess.Inkeepingwithlong-standingprocedures,thosechangesarecreditedagainstdiscretionaryspendingforpurposesofbudgetenforcement.Obligationlimitationsforcertaintransportationprogramsarereflectedonlyintheaddendumandarenotincludedelsewhereinthistable.

a.AmountsshowhowtheFRAwouldhaveappliedtobudgetauthorityhadthatactbeeninplacein2023.

b.Excludesproposedreductionsof$44billioninbudgetauthorityforcertainmandatoryprogramsmadethroughtheappropriationprocess.

c.BasefundingisfundingthatisconstrainedbythecapsondiscretionaryspendingestablishedbytheFRA.For2025,thecapondefensefundingestablishedbysection101ofthatactis$895billion,andthecaponnondefensefundingis$711billion.

d.Consistsoffundingfordisasterrelief,certainprogramintegrityinitiatives(whichidentifyandreduceoverpaymentsinsomebenefitprograms),certainwildfiresuppressionoperations,certainfundingprovidedtotheArmyCorpsofEngineers,andprogramsdesignatedinthe21stCenturyCuresAct.

baselineincorporatestheassumptionthatafter2025,

fundinggrowswithinflationwhennotconstrainedbythosecaps.(Inthecaseofadvanceappropriations,fund-inggrowswithinflationfromtheamountofthefinal

enactedadvanceappropriation.)

Bycontrast,thePresident’sbudgetincludesspecified

requestsratherthanamountsthatgrowwithinflation.

InthePresident’srequest,basefunding—thatis,fundingconstrainedbythecaps—growsbyanaverageofabout

1.6percentayearafter2025.Nonbasefunding—thatis,fundingthatisnotconstrainedbythecaps—proposedforthoseyearsissubstantiallylessthanwhathasbeen

providedin2024andwhatisproposedfor2025.

ThemaindifferencesbetweenthePresident’sbudgetandCBO’sbaselineareasfollows:

•CBOestimatesthatunderthePresident’sbudget,discretionaryfundingwouldbe$43billion(or

JUNE2024ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGET3

2percent)belowbaselineamountsin2025and

$1.9trillion(or9percent)belowbaselineamountsoverthe2025–2034period.

•NonbasefundinginthePresident’sbudgetis

$95billion(or42percent)lessthanbaselineamountsin2025and$2.0trillion(or82percent)lessthan

baselineamountsoverthe2025–2034period.

•BasefundinginthePresident’sbudgetis$52billion(or3percent)greaterthanbaselineamountsin2025and$75billion(orlessthan1percent)greateroverthe2025–2034period.

•AlthoughthePresident’srequestincludeslessfundingfor2025thantheamountprojectedinCBO’s

baseline,discretionaryoutlaysunderthePresident’sbudgetwouldbe$34billion(or2percent)largerinthatyear,CBOestimates.Thatdifferenceoccursbecauseproposedincreasesinbasefundingwouldtranslatetoincreasesinoutlaysmorequickly

thantheproposeddecreasesinnonbasefundingwouldtranslateintodecreasesinoutlays.Overthe2025–2034period,discretionaryoutlaysunder

thePresident’sbudgetwouldbe$878billion(or4percent)lessthantheyareinCBO’sbaseline.

Asashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),discretion-aryoutlaysunderthePresident’sproposalswouldtotal

4.9percentin2034.Defensediscretionaryoutlayswouldbe2.4percentofGDP,andnondefensediscretionary

outlayswouldbe2.5percent.Thoseamountswouldbelowerthantheirvaluesinanyofthepast50yearsandsmallerthanoutlaysprojectedinCBO’sbaseline.

ProposalsforDiscretionaryAppropriationsin2025

ThePresident’sbudgetfor2025includesbasefundingof$1.66trillion,excludingtheeffectsofproposedchangestomandatoryprograms.Thatamountis1percentgreaterthanwasappropriatedin2024andin2023.Proposed

nonbasefundingtotals$131billion,ofwhich$101bil-lionisdesignatedasanemergencyrequirement.6Othernonbasefunding,includingfundingfordisasterreliefandprogramintegrityinitiatives,accountsfortheremaining$30billionofnonbasefundingrequestedfor2025.Thetotalamountofnonbasefundingrequestedfor2025is41percentlessthanhasbeenappropriatedfor2024and

35percentlessthanwasappropriatedin2023.

6.Ofthe$101billioninfundingdesignatedasanemergencyrequirementfor2025includedinthePresident’sbudget,

$69billionwasprovidedinadvancebylawsenactedbefore2024.

DefenseFundingin2025

ThePresidentproposestotaldiscretionarydefensefund-ingof$895billionin2025,$59billion(or6percent)lessthantheamountprovidedfor2024(see

Figure1

).Totaldefensefundingwoulddecreaseunderthe

President’sbudgetbecausetheproposalcontainsno

defensefundingdesignatedasanemergencyrequirementbeyondthe$20millionalreadyprovidedundercurrentlawfor2025and2026.Todate,$67billionofsuch

fundinghasbeenprovidedfor2024tofurnishaidtoUkraine,Israel,andtheIndo-Pacificregion.

Fundingforoperationandmaintenance(acategorythatcoversday-to-dayoperationsrangingfromhealthcaretoequipmentmaintenance)andfundingforprocurementwouldfallby$33billion(or9percent)and$26bil-

lion(or13percent)respectively(see

Table2

).Those

decreasesaredrivenbychangestofundingdesignatedasanemergencyrequirement,whichisnonbasefunding;basefundingforoperationsandmaintenancewould

riseby$11billion(or3percent),andbasefundingforprocurementwouldfallby$4billion(or2percent).

Fundingformilitarypersonnelwouldriseby$5billion(or3percent),andfundingforresearch,development,test,andevaluationwouldfallby$5billion(or4per-cent)primarilybecauseofchangestobasefunding.Alltold,basefundingfordefensewouldriseby$9billion(or1percent).

NondefenseFundingin2025

UndertheAdministration’sbudget,discretionary

nondefensefundingfor2025(notincludingobligationlimitationsforcertaintransportationprograms)wouldtotal$894billion,$10billion(or1percent)lessthantheamountprovidedfor2024.Thatdecreasewouldbethenetresultofchangesinbasefunding(anincreaseof$14billion),discretionaryfundingdesignatedasanemergencyrequirement(adecreaseof$25billion),andothernonbasefunding(anincreaseof$1billion).

BaseFunding.Basenondefensefundingin2025

wouldriseto$763billion,2percentmorethanthe

amountprovidedfor2024,CBOestimates.ThelargesttotalincreasesunderthePresident’sbudgetwouldbe

$9billion(or10percent)forhealthprogramsactivi-

ties,$6billion(or31percent)forgeneralgovernmentprogramsandactivities(including$5billionforreal

propertyactivitiesexecutedbytheGeneralServices

Administration,orGSA),and$5billionforinterna-

tionalaffairs.A$6billionreductionindiscretionary

fundingforveterans’benefitswouldpartiallyoffsetthoseproposedincreases.

4ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGETJUNE2024

Figure1.

DefenseandNondefenseDiscretionaryBudgetAuthorityProposedinthePresident’sBudget

Billionsofdollars

1,000

750

500

250

0

Defense

Enacted,2024Proposed,2025

Nondefense

Nonbase

Base

Enacted,2024Proposed,2025

Basefundingfor

defenseandnondefensediscretionaryprograms

andactivitieswouldgrowin2025,andnonbase

fundingwouldshrink.Asaresult,totalfundingfor2025underthePresident’sbudgetwouldbelessthanthefundingenactedsofarfor2024.

Datasource:CongressionalBudgetOffice.See

/publication/60041#data

.

Includingreductionstobudgetauthorityresulting

fromproposedchangestomandatoryprograms,base

nondefensediscretionarybudgetauthorityunderthe

President’sbudgetwouldamountto$719billion,by

CBO’sestimate.Thatestimateis$8billionmorethanthecaponnondefensediscretionaryfundinginsection101oftheFRA.7OMB—theagencythatdetermines

whethersequestrationisrequired—estimatesthatthe

President’srequestforbasenondefensefundingcom-

plieswiththatcap.8CBO’sestimateofsuchfundingisgreaterthanOMB’s,inpartbecauseCBOincludesinitsestimatethe$5billionprovidedinadvancefor2025by2024appropriationactsinitsestimate,whereasOMBonlycountstheamountsthePresidentproposes.9CBO

7.Whenappropriationactsmakechangestomandatoryprograms,thosechangesarereflectedincostestimatesasdiscretionarycostsorsavingspursuanttoCongressionalscorekeepingguidelines.

Becausecostestimatesforappropriationlegislationareusedwhenenforcingthecaps,suchchangesaffectthedeterminationof

whetherfundingexceedsthecaps.

8.Sequestrationistheprocessbywhichacross-the-boardreductionsareappliedtobudgetaryresources.Budgetaryresourcesincludediscretionaryfundingprovidedinappropriationactsaswellas

otherspendingauthority.

9.Thelawsthatprovidefull-yearfundingfor2024provided$5billioninadvanceappropriationstotheIndianHealth

Serviceaccountfor2025.ThePresident’sbudget—whichwassubmittedbeforefull-yearfundinghadbeenprovided—includes

alsoestimatesthataproposaltoallowtheGSAtopur-chasecertainpropertieswouldrequire$3billionmoreinbudgetauthorityin2025thanOMBestimates.10

Otherestimatingdifferencesaccountforsmallremainingdiscrepancies.

NonbaseFunding.Nonbasenondefensefundingwoulddecreaseby$24billion.Fundingdesignatedasanemer-gencyrequirement(includingfundingfor2025providedinadvancebylawsenactedbefore2024)woulddropby$25billion(or20percent)in2025,from$126billion

providedsofarin2024to$101billion,CBOestimates.Thelargestdeclinewouldbea$28billionreductioninfundingforinternationalaffairsactivities,mostlyfundingtoprovideaidtoUkraine,Israel,andcountriesinthe

Indo-Pacificregion.Inaddition,emergencyfundingforcommunityandregionaldevelopmentprogramswouldfallby$17billion,CBOestimates,drivenbylessfunding

$6billioninfundingfor2025.Inthisanalysis,CBOcountsthefundinginthePresident’srequestasanadditiontotheadvanceappropriationalreadyprovidedundercurrentlaw.

10.ThePresidentproposesatotalof$3.5billionfortheGSA

topurchaseanewheadquartersfortheFBIthroughaseries

ofinstallmentpayments.Inkeepingwithlong-standing

scorekeepingguidelinesthatgovernthepurchaseofassets,CBOrecordsthefullcostof$3.5billionin2025,whenthefirst

paymentwouldbemade.ThePresident’sbudgetincludesannualfundingforeachinstallmentpayment.

JUNE2024ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGET5

Table2.

ProposedChangesinDiscretionaryBudgetAuthorityinthePresident’sBudget,byFunctionalClassification,2024to2025

Billionsofdollars

Basea

Total

Enacted,2024

Proposed,2025b

PercentageDifferencechange

Enacted,2024

Proposed,2025b

PercentageDifferencechange

Defense

Operationandmaintenance

327

338

11

3

371

338

-33

-9

Procurement

171

168

-4

-2

193

168

-26

-13

Militarypersonnel

176

182

6

3

176

182

5

3

Research,development,test,andevaluation

148

143

-5

-3

148

143

-5

-4

Other

65

65

*

**

65

65

*

**

Subtotal,defense

886

895

9

1

954

895

-59

-6

Nondefense

Health

88

97

9

10

89

98

9

10

Generalgovernment

20

26

6

31

20

26

6

31

Internationalaffairs

58

63

5

9

88

66

-22

-25

Veterans’benefits

136

130

-6

-4

136

130

-6

-4

Otherc

447

447

*

**

571

574

3

1

Subtotal,nondefense

749

763

14

2

904

894

-10

-1

Total,budgetauthority

1,635

1,658

23

1

1,858

1,789

-68

-4

Addendum:

NondefenseCHIMPsinthePresident’sbudgetd

-44

-44

*

-1

-44

-44

*

-1

Nondefensebudgetauthority,includingtheeffectofCHIMPs

704

719

15

2

860

850

-9

-1

Datasource:CongressionalBudgetOffice.See

/publication/60041#data

.

CHIMP=ChangeinMandatoryPrograms;*=between-$500millionand$500million;**=between-1percentand1percent.

a.BasefundingisfundingthatisconstrainedbythecapsondiscretionaryspendingestablishedbytheFiscalResponsibilityActof2023.For2025,thecapondefensefundingestablishedbysection101ofthatactis$895billionandthecaponnondefensefundingis$711billion.

b.Exceptforthoseintheaddendum,amountsexcludeproposedreductionsof$44billioninbudgetauthorityforcertainmandatoryprogramsmadethroughtheappropriationprocess.

c.Excludesbudgetaryresourcesprovidedbyobligationlimitationsforcertainsurfaceandairtransportationprograms.

d.Amountsfor2024reflecttheamountincludedintheestimatesofdiscretionarybudgetauthorityfor2024appropriationactsatthetimeofenactment.In

thebaseline,thosechangesaffectestimatesofmandatoryspending.Amountsfor2025reflectCBO’sestimatesofthechangestomandatoryprogramsthatwouldbeenactedinthePresident’sbudgetproposalsforthe12annualappropriationbills.

forassistancefollowingnaturaldisasters.Furthermore,

fundingdesignatedasanemergencyrequirementthatwasprovidedinadvancebylawsenactedbefore2024—

primarilytheInfrastructureInvestmentandJobsAct

(IIJA;P.L.117-58)andtheBipartisanSaferCommunitiesAct(BSCA;P.L.117-159)—issettodecreaseundercur-rentlawby$1billionin2025,to$69billion.A$23bil-lionincreaseinfundingthatwouldtypicallybecatego-rizedasbasefundingbutthatwouldbedesignatedasanemergencyrequirementinthePresident’sbudgetpartiallyoffsetsthosedecreases.Nearlyhalfofthat$23billion

wouldbeforhousingprograms.

Fundingforothernonbasenondefensecategorieswouldincreasein2025to$30billion.Suchnonbasefundingincludescertainappropriationsfordisasterrelief,certainprogramintegrityinitiatives(whichidentifyandreduceoverpaymentsinsomebenefitprograms),certainwildfiresuppressionoperations,certainfundingprovidedtotheArmyCorpsofEngineers,andprogramsdesignatedinthe21stCenturyCuresAct(P.L.114-255).Although

thosecategoriesoffundingarenotconstrainedbytheoverallcapsondiscretionaryfunding,theyareeachsub-jecttotheirownlimits.

6ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGETJUNE2024

Table3.

ProposedDiscretionarySpendinginthePresident’sBudgetComparedWithCBO’sBaselineProjections

Billionsofdollars

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

202920302031

2032

2033

2034

Total

2025–2029

2025–2034

Basea

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudget

DifferenceNonbaseb

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudget

Difference

Total

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudgetc

Difference

Basea

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudget

DifferenceNonbaseb

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudget

Difference

Total

CBO’sbaseline

CBO’sestimateofthePresident’sbudget

Difference

1,635

1,635

0

223

223

0

1,858

1,858

0

1,728

1,728

0

63

63

0

1,791

1,791

0

1,606

1,658

52

226

131

-95

1,832

1,789

-43

1,719

1,764

45

113

103

-11

1,832

1,867

34

1,644

1,680

36

227

92

-135

1,871

1,771

-99

1,742

1,807

66

157

98

-59

1,898

1,905

7

1,680

1,714

1,717

1,749

32

236

27

-209

1,954

1,776

-177

1,785

1,855

70

207

92

-116

1,992

1,947

-46

Budgetauthority

1,7571,7981,841

1,7871,8121,838

1,885

1,864

-21

256

28

-227

2,141

1,892

-249

1,928

1,959

31

234

44

-189

2,161

2,003

-158

1,930

1,890

1,976

1,917

-59

266

29

-238

2,243

1,946

-297

2,016

2,012

-4

243

33

-210

2,259

2,045

-214

8,405

8,588

184

1,162

305

-857

9,566

8,893

-673

8,808

9,126

319

885

471

-414

9,693

9,598

-95

17,835

17,910

30

241

28

-213

1,998

1,815

-183

1,807

1,877

71

219

81

-138

2,026

1,958

-67

14

246

28

-218

2,044

1,840

-204

Outlaysd

1,848

1,910

62

226

67

-158

2,074

1,977

-97

-3

251

28

-222

2,091

1,866

-225

1,886

1,933

47

230

55

-175

2,116

1,988

-128

34

232

27

-39

261

29

75

2,441

447

-205

1,912

1,742

-232

2,190

1,919

-1,994

20,276

18,357

-171

1,755

1,823

-272

1,977

1,991

-1,919

18,463

18,931

68

189

98

14

238

37

468

2,055

708

-91

1,944

1,921

-201

2,215

2,028

-1,347

20,518

19,640

-23

-187

-878

Continued

HowDiscretionarySpendinginthePresident’sBudgetComparesWithCBO’sBaselineProjectionsFrom

2025to2034

Overthe2025–2034period,bothfundingandoutlayswouldbelessunderthePresident’sbudgetthantheyareprojectedtobeinCBO’sbaseline.Differencesinfund-ingwouldbesplitroughlyevenlybetweendefenseandnondefense:Eachwouldbeabout$1trillionlessunderthePresident’sbudgetthantheyareinthebaseline.

ReductionsindiscretionaryoutlaysunderthePresident’sbudgetwouldfallmoreheavilyondefenseprograms

andactivitiesmostlybecauseoftheeffectsofunspecifiedreductionsinfuturefundingfornondefenseprogramsandactivitiesdiscussedbelow.Outlaysfordefensepro-gramsandactivitieswouldbe$773billionlessthantheyareinthebaselinewhereasnondefenseoutlayswouldbe$105billionless.

TotalDiscretionaryFunding

DiscretionaryfundingunderthePresident’sbudgetin2025wouldbe$1.79trillion,$43billionlessthantheamountprojectedinCBO’sbaseline(see

Table3

).In2026and2027,appropriationsunderthePresident’s

JUNE2024ANANALYSISOFTHEDISCRETIONARYSPENDINGPROPOSALSINTHEPRESIDENT’S2025BUDGET7

Table3.Continued

ProposedDiscretionarySpendinginthePresident’sBudgetComparedWithCBO’sBaselineProjections

Billionsofdollars

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

Total

2025–2029

2025–2034

Addendum:

Outlays

(percentageofGDP)

CBO’sbaseline

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.5

6.1

5.8

CBO’sestimateofthe

President’sbudget

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.1

4.9

6.0

5.6

Outlaysfrombasefunding(percentageofGDP)

CBO’sbaseline

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

5.5

5.2

CBO’sestimateofthe

President’sbudget

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

5.7

5.4

Datasource:CongressionalBudgetOffice.See

/publication/60041#data

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Theseestimatesdonotincludeobligationlimitationsforcertaintransportationprograms.Nordotheyincludechangestocertainmandatoryprogramsthatweremadethroughtheappropriationprocessandenactedinpreviousyearsorthe$44billioninreductionstomandatorybudgetauthoritythatwouldresultfromsuchchangesproposedfor2025.Inkeepingwithlong-standingprocedures,thosechangesarecreditedagainstdiscretionaryspendingforpurposesofbudgetenforcement.

GDP=grossdomesticproduct.

a.BasefundingisfundingthatisconstrainedbythecapsondiscretionaryspendingestablishedbytheFiscalResponsibilityActof2023.For2025,thecapondefensefundingestablishedbysection101ofthatactis$895billionandthecaponnondefensefundingis$711billion.

b.Nonbasefundingisfundingthatisnotconstrainedbythecapsordoesnotcounttowardthecaps.Suchfundingincludesfundingthathasbeendesignatedasanemergencyrequirementorfordisasterassistanceaswellasfundingforcertainprogramintegrityactivities(whichidentifyandreduceoverpaymentsinsomebenefitprograms),certainwildfiresuppressionoperations,certainfundingprovidedtotheArmyCorpsofEngineers,andprogramsdesignatedinthe21stCenturyCuresAct.Someofthosecategoriesoffundingaresubjecttotheirownseparatecaps.Foryears2026andbeyond,CBO’sestimatesofnonbasefundingarebasedondataprovidedbyOfficeofManagementandBudgetratherthanonlanguageintheappendixtothePresident’sbudget.Additio