高中英语北师大版语法知识复习课件

复习要点1介词+关系代词引导定语从句复习要点2关系副词引导定语从句复习要点3如何确定名词性从句的连接词复习要点4虚拟语气复习要点5形容词变副词的基本规律复习要点6如何确定谓语动词的时态复习要点7todo和-ing作状语复习要点8with复合结构复习要点9独立主格结构复习要点10todo作定语复习要点1介词+关系代词引导定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如：e.g.Doyouknowtheladywith_______ourmanageristalkingintheofficee.g.Whereisthesupermarketin_______youboughtthelaptoplastweek介词+关系代词引导定语从句介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。(3)根据句子的意思来选择。(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。whomwhich复习要点1介词+关系代词引导定语从句e.g.YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLake_______whichHangzhouisfamous.e.g.Theoldwoman________whomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.e.g.Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewall________whichhecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.e.g.Ihaveabout20books,half_______whichwerewrittenbyBingXin,thefamouswriter.forwiththroughof复习要点2关系副词引导定语从句在定语从句中，关系副词when、where、why起连接主从句的作用，同时在定语从句中作句子成分，分别充当时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，修饰表示时间、地点和原因的先行词。如：e.g.Istillremembertheday__________Ivisitedtheprofessor.e.g.Thisisthehospital_________mysisterusedtowork.e.g.Idon’tknowthereason_________hedidit.

当先行词是表示抽象地点的名词(point,situation,stage,condition,case,position等)时，也常用关系副词where引导定语从句。如：e.g.Salesdirectorisaposition________communication

abilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.e.g.Johnhasreachedapoint________medicine

can’thelp.whenwherewhywherewhere复习要点2关系副词引导定语从句注意：当先行词是reason，但从句缺少主语或宾语时，则要用that/which来引导定语从句。如：e.g.Wouldyoupleasegivemeareason___________differsfromMike’se.g.Thereason___________heexplainedatthe

meetingsoundsreasonable.

练习题：1.Thebuses,mostof________werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

2.He'swrittenabook,thenameof_______I'veforgotten.3.Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyof_______Idon’tknow.4.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allof_______areworkinghard.5.TherearemanycountriesinAsia,of______Chinaisthelargestone.6.Ilovemymotherland,for_______goodfutureIwillworkhard.that/whichthat/whichwhichwhichwhomwhomwhichwhose练习题：7.Thehouse_________doorsaregreenisanofficebuilding.8.Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoof_______arecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.9.Theoldmanhasthreechildren,andtwoof_______arecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.8.Thatisthereason_________theywereabsentfromclassyesterday.9.Salesdirectorisaposition__________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.10.Hisgrandmalivedatatime________therewasnotenoughfoodtoeat.whosewhomthemwhywherewhen复习要点3如何确定名词性从句的连接词名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。考查方向解题思路从属连词that和whether/if分析句子结构，若待填的连接词不作任何成分也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，要考虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，要考虑连接词whether；if可以用于引导宾语从句。复习要点3如何确定名词性从句的连接词考查方向解题思路连接代词分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever等。连接副词分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where(表地点)，when(表时间)，how(表方式或程度)，why(表原因)等。形式主语和形式宾语it在名词性从句中it作形式主语或形式宾语。其用法在前面代词讲解时已经提到。1.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence_______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2._________anyoneactuallybelievesinacausalrelationshipbetweeneatingthesefoodsandreceivingthepromisedbenefitsornotisunclear.3.______weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.4.Finally，themottoalsorepresentsaseriesofpatternsof________countriesshouldworktogether.5.Thatis________youhavetoovercomeyourlazinessifyouwanttobeoutstandinginlife.6.Itislikely________FASTwillhelpmakemanynewNobel-leveldiscoveries.7.Itiswarned________thepandemiccouldcreatea“lost”generationwhowillbeaffectedby“lifelong”mentalillnesses.8.______

makes

mefeelworriedis____

socialmediaarethecentreofattentionformassesofteenagerstoday.9.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson_____couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadgrown.thatWhetherHowhowwhythatthatWhatthatwhat复习要点4虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、主观愿望、强烈感情，怀疑或推测。虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+sb+were/didsb+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反If+sb+haddonesb+should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反If+sb+were/didshoulddoweretodosb+should/could/might+do复习要点4虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、主观愿望、强烈感情，怀疑或推测。一“坚持(insist)”二“命令(order，command)”，四“建议(suggest，propose，recommend，advise)”，五“要求(demand，desire,require，request,ask)"与此类动词相关的名词性从句（即宾语从句，主语从句、表语从句和同位示从句）需用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should+)do/bedone”。①Itissuggestedthatyou(should)haveenoughsleep.②Isuggestthatyou(should)haveenoughsleep.③Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)haveenoughsleep.④Iputforwardthesuggestionthatyou(should)haveenoughsleep.e.g.Theyreceivedordersthatthework_________(do)atonce.shouldbedone复习要点4虚拟语气wish/ifonly引导从句时间谓语动词对现在情况的虚拟wish/ifonly+sb.+did/were对过去情况的虚拟wish/ifonly+sb.+haddone对将来情况的虚拟wish/ifonly+sb.+would/could/might+doIfonlyeveryfamilyinChina_______(have)anewenergyvehicle,sothatwecanhaveacleanerenvironmentandsmallerfamilyexpense.had复习要点4虚拟语气

It'stimethatwegotdownto/shouldgetdowntobusiness.

Itishightimethatweshouldtakeactiontocopewiththeurgentissues.If条件句的省略原句：Ifyouhadtakenmyproposalsintodueconsideration,Iwouldnothavefailedtheexam.

Hadyoutakenmyproposalsintodueconsideration,Iwouldnothavefailedtheexam.IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavefinishedit.

=HadIworkedhard

,

Iwouldhavefinishedit.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,Iwouldmakeasnowman

=Shoulditsnowtomorrow,Iwouldmakeasnowman.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,Iwouldmakeasnowman.=Wereittosnowtomorrow,Iwouldmakeasnowman复习要点5形容词变副词的基本规律1.绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly如：politely;widely;wisely;rudely;nicely

但truly例外2.以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y如simply;terribly;gently;possibly;comfortably;considerably;probably;incredibly以元音字母加le结尾时，去e加ly,whole-wholly3.以"y"结尾的，且读音为/i/,先将"y"改成i",再加"ly"如：happily;heavily;angrily;busily但是如果读音为/ai/.直接加ly,如：shy--shyly4.以ic结尾的词，加ally如：economically;basically;scientifically;automatically;energetically;但publicly例外。复习要点6如何确定谓语动词的时态解题思路技法点拨1.慧眼识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often，usually，always，everytime，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday，lastyear，in2022，theotherday，twodaysago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。(3)看到tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek，inthefuture，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。(4)看到atthismoment，atpresent，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋时间段，eversince...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到bythen，bytheendof...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。1.Christmas________(fall)onDecember25th.2.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess

(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften

(take)yearstoachieve3.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar

________

(break)downneararemotevillage.4.Greatchanges______________(take)placeinChinasince1980.5.Hisfirstnovel______________(receive)goodreviewssinceit_____(come)outlastmonth.6.Thelastfewyears_____________(see）environmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.7.Silk

(become)oneoftheprimarygoods

tradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.8.Overthepastdecades,

seaiceintheArctic_____________________(decrease)asaresultofglobalwarming.9.Jim

______________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.fallsistakesbrokehavetakenhasreceivedcamehaveseenhadbecomehasbeendecreasingwaswatching复习要点7todo和-ing作状语考查方向解题思路不定式作状语1.不定式可以用作目的状语。2.onlytodosth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。3.形容词作表语时，后接不定式作状语表原因。4.“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋todo”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。动词-ing形式作状语1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为主动关系。2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用-ing形式作状语。3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用havingdone形式。1.(2022·全国乙)Tostrengthentheconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.2.____________(lose)allmyoldfriends,Ifeltlonelyandshyatmynewschool.4.Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only_________(find)theearlytrainhadgone.5.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s，andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.6.Peoplealsolightredlanternsallnightandsetofffirecracker________(scare)awaythemonster.7.Stonetoolswereusedtopressareasofthebody_________(relieve)pain.invitingHavinglosttofindtoperformtoscaretorelieve8.___________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,

manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

9.Thismachine

isveryeasy__________(operate).

Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

10._____________(make)fullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.

11.Hisfatherdied,___________(leave)himalotofmoney.

12.____________(stand)onthetopofthemountain，Ifoundthehousesbelowlookedliketinytoys.13.___________(inspire),heaskedhisfanstomakevideos，whichhethenjoinedintooneperformance14.Themask’seyesandeyebrowsaredelicatelyhollowedout，___________(create)asenseofseriousnessanddignity.tooperateHavingmadetoleavingToenjoyStanding这类形容词有easy,

difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed

等。Inspiredcreating复习要点8with复合结构考查方向解题思路with复合结构中的宾语补足语在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下：with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动、进行)done(表示被动、完成)todo(表示未做)1.Withthenewsnowseason__________(begin)inChina，enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.2.Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyes______(fix)ontheposteronthewall.3.Withsomanypeople_________(help)us，weareconfidentthatwecanfinishthetaskontime.beginningfixedtohelp考查方向解题思路独立成分作状语有的非谓语动词作状语不需要判断与逻辑主语的关系，为独立成分作状语，常见的形式有：generallyspeaking一般来说

judgingby/from...根据……来判断considering...考虑到……totellyouthetruth说实话given...考虑到……comparedwith/to与……相比较复习要点9独立主格结构1．Allthings___________(consider),itcouldbeawhilebeforeweembraceahighly-developedhealthcaresystem.2.JointdevelopmentplanofNanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou____________(release),residentsintheareawillenjoyahappierandmoreconvenientlife.3._________(judge)fromthestory,wecanconcludethatwecan’tjudgeabookfromitscover.4.Time_________(permit),IamtovisityouinBeijing.consideredreleasedJudegingpermitting考查方向解题思路不定式作定语1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。2.由theonly，thejust，thenext等修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，way，right，time，wish，decision等和代词something，anything，nothing等后常用不定式作定语。4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用tobedone

结构。复习要点10不定式作定语1.Thestudenthasanurge__________(study)harderandgetgoodgrades.2.Oneofthemosteffectiveways__________(reduce)stressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.3.Atthe2023FIDEWorldChampionship,DingLirenbecamethefirstChinesemaleplayer____________(win)theworldchesschampionship.tostudytoreducetowin1.Inanycase,findanopportunity_________(have)afullandfranktalkwithher.2.Giveeverybodyyoumeetachance_________(show)youwhotheyare.3.Theythinke-mailisaconvenientway_________(get)informationorkeepintouchwithfriends.4.Hehasnoability___________(finish)theworkindependently.5.Theonlywayforus_________(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.6.Acomplexenginehasmanyseparatecomponents,each__________(perform)adifferentfunction.7.Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit’srelativelysmallwhen_________(compare)withtheothers.8._________(compare)withmoderncommunication,writinglettershasmoreadvantages.9.Maleunemploymentwas14.2%,_________(compare)with5.8%forwomen(seechartonnextpage).tohavetoshowtogettofinishtosurviveperformingcomparedComparedcompared10.Theriver_________(measure)2000meterslongisinourcountry.11.Theywillgetastudioflat(单间公寓)_______________(measure)23squaremeterswithaprivatekitchen,bathroomandabalcony.12.Aglobalconcert________(feature)manyinternationalmusicianswasheldonApril18insupportofhealthworkers.13.

It'sagreatfilmandit_________(feature)aSpanishactorwhoisgoingtobeaworldstarwithinayear.14.Wecallonthepeople________(relate)tothecasetohandlethetoughproblembyjointefforts.15.Sandwich_________(wrap)withtransparentfilmtightlyandsecurelywithnogapsfortamperingbyfingeralsocameunderthedefinitionof“PrepackagedFood”.16.Happinessislikeasmallstone________(drop)i