北京市海淀区高三英语下学期二模试题（含解析）

北京市海淀区2021届高三英语下学期二模试题（含解析）本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Jeremycannolongerread,driveacarorevenrecognizefaces.Butthe20yearold,wholosthiscentralvisiontwoyearsago,can____1____hitasmallwhiteballintoaslightlylargerholefromaconsiderabledistance.JeremywasdiagnosedwithanextremelyrarediseasecalledLHON.Facedwiththeonsetofblindness,Jeremyadmitshe____2____intodepressionforacoupleofmonthsandfearedhe’dneverplaygolfagain.OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.Jeremythought,“Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcan____3____havingnocentralvision.”Thatbecamehismotto:“Thingscouldbe____4____.”Sosixmonthsafterlosinghissight,Jeremydecidedto____5____hisgolfclubagain.HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.Blindgolfbroughtthemevencloserbecause,unliketheregularversionofthesport,it’sa____6____game.Lionelactsashisson’ssightedcoachonthecourse.He____7____theholeandhazards（障碍）.Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad’sshouldertogeta____8____ofthecorrectposition.TheyplayedtogetherandwontheWorldBlindGolfChampionship.Besides,Jeremyhasbeencollectingmoneyandraising____9____ofLHONwithsponsoredbikerides,halfmarathonsandevenskydives.“That’sthegreater_____10_____ofmydoinganything,”hetoldCNN.1.A.casually B.seriously C.successfully D.accidentally2.A.ran B.looked C.slipped D.burst3.A.avoid B.suffer C.escape D.survive4.A.funnier B.worse C.simpler D.crazier5.A.lookfor B.showoff C.pickup D.dealwith6.A.team B.class C.mind D.strength7.A.clears B.measures C.discovers D.describes8.A.sense B.sign C.view D.mark9.A.levels B.awareness C.standards D.spirit10.A.challenge B.opportunity C.potential D.purpose【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B10.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。20岁的杰里米两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。他曾一度陷入抑郁和绝望，但是在看到一个失去家人的人挺了过来之后，他重新振作起来。杰里米在父亲的帮助下重新开始打高尔夫，并通过一系列活动募捐来提高人们对LHON的认识。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位20岁的年轻人两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。A.casually随意地；B.seriously严肃地；C.successfully成功地；D.accidentally偶然地。根据转折词but可知，此处是指虽然他失去了中心视力，但是他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对失明的威胁，杰里米承认有几个月他陷入了抑郁，还担心自己再也不能打高尔夫了。A.ran运营；B.looked看；C.slipped滑倒；D.burst爆炸。根据“fearedhe'dneverplaygolfagain”可知，此处是指他陷入了抑郁。slipinto意为“陷入”。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这家伙能挺过来，那我没有中心视力也能活下来。A.avoid避免；B.suffer遭受；C.escape逃跑；D.survive幸存。根据“OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.”（一天，他在电视上看到一个人哭得很伤心，因为一架飞机坠毁在他的房子上，他刚刚失去了家人。）可知，此处是指Jeremy想如果这个人这么悲惨也能挺过来，那自己没有中心视力也能活下来。故选D。【4题详解】；B.worse更糟糕的；C.simpler更简单的；D.crazier更疯狂的。根据“Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcansurvivehavingnocentralvision.”可知，此处是指总有人比自己的情况更糟。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以在失去视力6个月后，杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。A.lookfor寻找；B.showoff炫耀；C.pickup捡起；D.dealwith处理。根据“HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.”（从12岁开始，他每个星期天都和爸爸莱昂内尔一起打球。）可知，此处是指杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：盲人高尔夫让他们的距离更近了，因为与普通的高尔夫运动不同，它是一项团队运动。A.team团队；B.class班级；C.mind精神；D.strength力量。根据“Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad’sshoulder”（然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上）可知，这是一项团队运动。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他描述洞和障碍。A.clears清除；B.measures测量；C.discovers发现；D.describes描述。根据“Lionelactsashisson’ssightedcoachonthecourse.”（莱昂内尔是他儿子在球场上视力教练。）可知，此处是指他描述洞和障碍。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上以感知正确的位置。A.sense感知；B.sign签署；C.view观察；D.mark标记。根据“Thenhepointsinthedirection”可知，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上是为了感知正确的位置。故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，杰里米一直在筹集资金，并通过赞助自行车骑行、半程马拉松甚至跳伞来提高人们对LHON的认识。A.levels等级；B.awareness认识；C.standards标准；D.spirit精神。根据“ofLHON”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我做任何事的更大目的……A.challenge挑战；B.opportunity机会；C.potential潜力；D.purpose目的。根据“raisingawarenessofLHON”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识是杰里米做任何事的更大目的。故选D。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina____11____(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity'senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto____12____(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecity'sweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout____13____thesandstormcameintobeing.【答案】11.washit/hadbeenhit/wasbeinghit12.less13.how/why【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国北方遭遇的一场十年来最大的沙尘暴。【11题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：周日早上，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，中国北方遭遇了（正在遭遇）十年来最大的沙尘暴。此处缺乏谓语，动词hit意为“袭击”，和主语northernChina构成被动关系，主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。根据“BeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorning”可知，此处是讲过去的事，可以用一般过去时的被动语态；也可以表示中国北方先遭遇了沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，即“过去的过去”，这样应使用过去完成时的被动语态；还可以表示中国北方正在遭遇沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，这样应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故填washit/hadbeenhit/wasbeinghit。【12题详解】考查比较级。句意：北京市环境监测中心的数据显示，上午8点，空气污染指数升至500的上限，部分地区能见度降至不到1000米。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。【13题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：北京市气象局建议居民尽量待在室内，同时专家们正在调查沙尘暴是如何（为何）形成的。介词out后接宾语从句，根据“expertsareworkingtofindout”可知，此处是指调查沙尘暴是如何形成的或为何形成的，所以应用how或why引导宾语从句。故填how/why。B阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Speakingofmapapps,someusershavefoundthattheyareusefulformorethanjust____14____(find)one'sway.Oneman,SanFrancisco'sLennyMaughan,usesthemtomakeworksofart.Lennyrunseverywherehecan.____15____hegoes,hetrackshisprogressbyusinganapp,suchasMapMyRunorStrava.Asheruns,theapptracesalinealongthepathhefollows.So,tomakehisrunsmorefun,Lennydecidedtorun____16____patternsthatwouldcreateamazingimages.Todate,hehassharedrunsthathaveturnedintoimagesofaheart,aportraitofartistFridaKahlo,andmore.【答案】14.finding15.Wherever16.in【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述LennyMaughan使用地图应用来制作艺术品的事例来说明很多用户发现地图应用并不只是可以用来导航。【14题详解】考查动名词。句意：说到地图应用，一些用户发现它们的用途不仅仅是找路。在介词than后应用动名词作宾语。故填finding。【15题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他走到哪里，他都会使用MapMyRun或Strava等应用程序来跟踪自己的进展。根据“hetrackshisprogress”可知，此处是指“无论他走到哪里”。所以应用wherever引导让步状语从句。故填Wherever。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：所以，为了让他的跑步更有趣，莱尼决定用能创造惊人图像的模式跑步。表示“以某种模式”应用介词in。故填in。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2016,IunpackedmyluggageatanewlyconstructedNewYorkhotelonlytorealizethatI____17____(forget)mytoothpaste.Icalledroomservice,andan____18____(energy)voiceresponded,"Someonewillbringitrightup."Twominuteslater,Iopenedmydooronlytodiscoveranobjectresemblingatrashcanonwheels,____19____(equip)withalid,alargebuttonandasmalldigitalscreen.Icautiouslypushedthebuttonandthelidopened,revealingatoothpastetube.Thedigitaldisplayflashed"Thankyou".Theroboticvisitorthenturnedaroundandrolledaway.Beforeitdisappeared,Isnappedaphoto,sendingittoafriend,____20____laterresponded,"Wow,socool!"【答案】17.hadforgotten18.energetic19.equipped20.who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者入住一家酒店打开行李时发现自己忘了带牙膏，于是客房服务派了一个机器人来为作者送牙膏。作者觉得这很酷。【17题详解】考查过去完成时。句意：2016年，我在纽约一家新建的酒店打开行李，才发现自己忘了带牙膏。忘记带牙膏发生在在纽约一家新建的酒店打开行李之前，所以应用过去完成时。故填hadforgotten。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：我叫了客房服务，一个充满活力的声音回应了我……修饰名词voice应用形容词。故填energetic。【19题详解】考查过去分词。句意：两分钟后，我打开门，却发现一个类似有轮子的垃圾桶的东西，有盖子、一个大按钮和一个小数字屏幕。beequippedwith意为“配备有……”，为固定搭配，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填equipped。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发给了一个朋友，他后来回复说：“哇，太酷了！”非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为afriend，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAubreyisaFedExdriverwhohasmaderegulardeliverystopsinaruralneighborhoodinIndiana.Duringherstopsthere,shewouldseean11yearoldboy,Elijah,playingbasketballwithanoldandrustybenthoop."Itwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme,"saidAubrey.TheFedExdriverthoughtaboutElijahmanytimesoverthemonths,anddecidedthatshewantedtoblesshiminaspecialway."Ijustwouldn'tstopthinkingaboutit.Ireallywantedtogethimahoop.Hedeservesit."Aubreywentoutandboughtanewbasketballhoopandinstalleditwhenthefamilywasn'thome.Sheleftanotethatread:"Justwantedyouandyoursontohavethebesthoopthat'llgrowwithhimandallhisfriends."Shesignedherself"justoneoftheFedExdriversinthearea"."Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry,"saidColedo,Elijah'smom."WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe'san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying,"laughedColedo."Hejustsattherefor10minutesstaringatthehoopuntilitreallytouchedhimthatshewentoutofherwaytodosomethingjustforhim."AubreyhadnoideahowmuchhersurprisegifthadimpactedElijahandhisfamily.TheyallhadgonethroughadifficultyearwithColedo'shusbandsufferingaseriousinjury,andColedocrashinghercar."It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.Thishasbeenahugethingforus,"saidColedo.WhenAubreymadeanotherFedExdeliverytotheirneighborhood,Elijahsawher,rantoherandhuggedher.ElijahalsogaveAubreyacardhemadeforher.Andheinvitedhertoplayagameofbasketballwithhimandhisyoungerbrother."Itwasalmostlikewe'dalwaysknowneachother.Ireallybondedwiththeboys,"saidAubrey."I'mjustreallyhappytheyknowthatsomeoneisoutthereforthem."21.AubreyboughtElijahanewbasketballhoopbecause________.A.shewantedtomakeafriendusingasurprisegiftB.shewaseagertodonatetochildrenintheruralareaC.shewasimpressedbyElijah'spassionforbasketballD.shethoughtElijahwasunhappywiththebrokenhoop22.Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheysawthenewhoop?A.Touched. B.Satisfied. C.Relaxed. D.Honored.23.WhatinfluencedidAubrey'sgifthaveonElijahandhisfamily?A.IthelpedElijahachievehisdream.B.Itreducedthefamily'sfinancialburden.C.Itgavethefamilywarmthatadifficulttime.D.ItencouragedElijahtobondwiththeotherboys.【答案】21.C22.A23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Aubrey是一名联邦快递的司机，他经常在印第安纳州的一个农村地区送货。在那里Aubrey经常看一名11岁的男孩Elijah打篮球，篮球框又破又旧，但是他充满激情。Aubrey被这种激情所震撼到，于是送给了他一个新的篮球框。这给Elijah的家庭带来了困难时期的温暖。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Itwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme”（我简直不敢相信他对那个坏了的篮框那么开心。每次我看到他，他打篮球是那么快乐。看到他这么开心，我就受不了了）可知，Aubrey给Elijah买了一个新的篮球框，因为她对Elijah对篮球的热爱印象深刻。故选C。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry”（我看了纸条，一意识到是谁写的，我就开始哭了）和第二句第三句“WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe'san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying”（Elijah回家后，我给他看的时候，他很激动。他哭了，但他是一个11岁的男孩，所以他真的不想承认自己哭了）可知，这个家庭看到新篮框时感到很感动。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒第三段第三句和第四句“It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.”（这是艰难的一年。她愿意为我们做这件事，我们感到既谦卑又感激。）可知，Aubrey的礼物给了这个家庭在困难时期的温暖。故选C。B(WAIKINGWATEREXPERIMENT)WalkingWaterScienceExperimentforKidsLet'sgetsetupforwalkingwaterwithafewquickandeasystepsthekidscandefinitelybeapartof!Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.Youcanuselessaslongasyouhaveenoughtogoaroundwithallthecolorsmixing.First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(搅拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.Trytoputthesameamountoffoodcoloringineachcontainer.Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.Placethemintothetesttubes.Therewillbetwoendsineachtube.Waitandwatchwhathappens.Atthispoint,youcansetupastopwatchtomakenotesofhowlongittakesforthecolorstomeetandmix.Beforeyouinsertthestrips,youhavetheperfectopportunitytomakesomepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Haveyourkidseupwithapredictionfortheirexperiment?Willthewaterwalk?Youcanstarttheconversationwith"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenweputthetowelsintothewater?"Thewholeprocessstartsprettyquicklybutitdoestakeawhileforthecolorstobegintomixwitheachother.Extendthescienceactivity:pulloutthewatercolorsanddosomecolormixingartwhileyouwait.Makesuretocheckonyourwalkingwaterscienceexperimenteveryonceinawhiletoseethechangesthatareconstantlytakingplace.Thekidswillbeamazedathowthewaterseemstofightagainstgravity!Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.Itmeetsupwiththeothercoloredwaterthathastraveleduptheneighboringstrip.Wheretheprimarycolorsinteract,theyturnintothesecondarycolors.Bothcolorswillcontinuetotravelaslongasthetowelfibersabsorbthewater.Theexperimentiscolorfulandsimpletodo!Plus,itisinterestingformultipleages.Olderkidsshouldbeabletosetitupallbythemselvesandcanalsouseoursciencejournalpagetorecordtheirresults.24.Whatmaterialsareneededfortheexperiment?A.Testtubes,foodcoloringandpapertowel.B.Drinkingwater,testtubesandanotebook.C.Foodcoloring,watercupsandapapercutter.D.Mixedcolors,towelstripsandfoodcontainers.25.Intheexperiment,you'reexpectedto________.A.addthreecolorsintoeachcontainerB.setupastopwatchfromthebeginningC.putcolorfultowelstripsinthetesttubesD.stireachtesttubetomakethecoloreven26.Waterinthetesttubescanwalkbecause________.A.foodcoloringhasthepowertotakeinwaterB.towelfibersabsorbwaterandallowittotravelC.waterflowsnaturallyundertheinfluenceofgravityD.colorsinteractwitheachotherandthustraveleasily【答案】24.A25.D26.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个“行走的水”的实验的材料、步骤和注意事项。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.”（我们用试管测出三组原色。），第四句“First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.”（首先，依次加入红色、黄色和蓝色食用色素(每个试管一种颜色)。）和第七句“Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.”（切出薄薄的白纸巾条以适应试管。）可知，实验需要的材料有试管、食用色素和纸巾。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(搅拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.”（把每个试管稍微搅拌一下，使颜色均匀分布。）可知，在实验中你应该搅拌每个试管使颜色均匀。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第五句“Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.”（由于纸巾吸收了有颜色的水，水沿着纸巾条向上流动。）可知，试管中的水可以行走，因为毛巾纤维吸收水分并允许其流动。故选B。CFortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe:Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns（封锁）.AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop:Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportineinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofpaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢复活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmediumscaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,smallscaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.27.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A.adaptstochangesefficiently B.balancessupplyanddemandC.focusesonessentialitems D.reducescostsofproduction28.Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A.weakness B.diversityC.unfairness D.plexity29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D.Packagedfoodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.30.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB.advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC.discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD.provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies【答案】27.D28.A29.A30.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必行。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.”（各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。）可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D项。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.”（例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.”（现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。）和第六段第二句“Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢复活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.”（我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。）可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.”（这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。）可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.”（首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。）和最后一句“Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.”（随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B项。DEveryday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm(算法)enablesputerstodiagnoseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatputer'swillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren'tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive(非侵入式)highresolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoaplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD(冠心病)basedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandisalreadyusedindiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAlmethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforputerbasedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomemercialusesofputerbaseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandfortheseputerbaseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercosteffectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.31.Accordingtothetext,“insilicomedicine”mighthelp________.A.discoverthecauseofanillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicineC.recognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlierDavoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrials32.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis________.A.workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsC.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions33.Accordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof“insilicomedicine”requires________.A.moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsB.replacementofoldmathematicalmodelsC.moreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LookingtoAltoEndExperimentalStudyB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsofLivesC.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine【答案】31.B32.C33.C34.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加安全有效。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.（这些是“电子医学”的一些好处，也就是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗方法，以预测一个真实的人对治疗的反应。）”可知:“insilicomedicine”指的是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗，以预测一个真实的人对治疗的反应。结合常识可推知，有效的药物和治疗测试能够帮助加快新药的开发。故选B项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.（心脏血流系统利用这些图像来构建流经冠状动脉血管的血液的流体动力学模型，从而识别异常情况及其严重程度。如果没有这项技术，医生将需要进行侵入性手术来决定是否以及如何进行干预。）”可知，心脏血流分析系统减少了侵入性手术的几率。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.（这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认，这需要进一步的研究。）”可知，为了进一步的应用，这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认。“effectiveness”与“predictivepower”是同义替换；“dependability”与“reliability”是同义替换。故选C项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加安全有效。D选项“虚拟病人可以革新医学”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelfEsteem?Selfesteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Selfesteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas'Tmafailure"and"I'mbeautiful")aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreselffulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.____35____Healthyselfesteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighselfesteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighselfesteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.____36____Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbype