Unit+4+Natural+Disasters+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

NaturalDisastersUnit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresIfitisnotbigdisasterwithgreatpain,humanconsensusisdifficulttoreach.若不是大灾难与大苦痛，人类难以达成共识。Part01Warmup“Oncomingbackafewdaysafterwards,Ifoundtheyhadchristenedhim'Heathcliff'';itwasthenameofasonwhodiedinchildhood,andithasservedhimeversince,bothforChristianandsurname."Whatfunctiondotherestrictiverelativeclauseshave?①theoriginofthename②theinfluenceonhispersonality③toimplyhisdestinyFindtherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencesbelow.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuadorPart02Presentation定语从句在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句。Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词连接主句和从句指代先行词在从句中充当句子成分（作用）关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhythat关系代词用法：关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略;但关系代词作介词宾语，而且介词提到它的前面时,关系代词不能省略。关系代词修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或事主语、宾语、定语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语、表语who,whom的用法who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中只作宾语。Theboywhomadeaspeechjustnowismybestfriend.刚才作演讲的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。(who/whom在从句中作宾语)(who在从句中作主语)Ihavemanyfriends(who/whom)Icanturntoforhelpwhenintrouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。二者都用于指人。在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到关系词之前时,只能用whom,不能用who。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIcanturnforhelpwhenintrouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。whose的用法表示先行词和它所修饰的词之间是所属关系，在定语从句中作定语。Iwanttohelpthechildrenwhoseparentsdiedintheearthquake.我想帮助那些父母在地震中丧生的孩子们。Wemustrepairthedeskswhoselegsarebroken.我们必须修理断了腿的桌子。既可指人也可指物ThiskindofbookisforchildrenwhosenativelanguageisEnglish.这种书是给母语为英语的儿童看的。whose的用法在whom和which之前加of也可以表示所属关系(即:ofwhom,ofwhich)。这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词，放在ofwhom，ofwhich之前或之后均可。Iwanttohelpthechildrenwhoseparentsdiedintheearthquake.=Iwanttohelpthechildrenofwhomtheparentsdiedintheearthquake.=Iwanttohelpthechildrentheparentsofwhomdiedintheearthquake.Wemustrepairthedeskswhoselegsarebroken.=Wemustrepairthedesksofwhichthelegsarebroken.=Wemustrepairthedesksthelegsofwhicharebroken.which的用法在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语或表语。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecentreofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。(which在从句中作主语)Doyouremembertheholiday(which)wespenttogether?你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗?(which在从句中作宾语)Hechangedhismindagain,whichmadeusallangry.他又改变了主意，这使得我们大家都很生气。(which指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语)Shewasnotsick,whichsomeoftheotherpassengerswere.她没有生病,但有些其他旅客却病了。(which指代形容词sick，在从句中作表语)用来指事物that的用法在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略;作介词的宾语时介词不能提到that之前。Janeisnolongertheperson(that/who/whom)Iworkedwithseveralyearsago.珍妮不再是几年前我共事的那个人了既可指人也可指物Thisisthesupermarketthat/whichsellsavarietyofgoods.这就是那个卖各种各样的商品的超市。Themessage(that/which)youarelookingforisintoday'sChinaDaily.你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。(that/who/whom在从句中作宾语)(that/which在从句中作主语)(that/which在从句中作宾语)省略as的用法(1)as引导限制性定语从句,先行词前有as,so,such或thesame修饰。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。Youmaytakeasmanychairsasyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。Hemadethesamemistakeasyoumadeinthelastexam.在上次考试中,他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。(as在从句中作主语)(as作need的宾语)(as作made的宾语)as的用法(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。Aseverybodyknows,ShakespearewasagreatEnglishwriter.众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国作家。Tomisabraveboy,asisdescribedinthereport.汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩,这正如在报告中描述的那样。Theproject,aswehadexpected,gotalongwell.正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。(从句在主句之前,as在从句中作宾语)(从句在主句中间，as在从句中作宾语)(从句在主句之后，as在从句中作主语)注意事项Thewatch(that/which)yougavemekeepsperfecttime.你给我的那块表走得很准。(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。Aliceisnottheperson(that)shewastenyearsago.艾丽斯不是10年前的那个人了。(2)关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。Educationshouldbethemostimportantthing(that)parentsaregreatlyconcernedabout.教育应是父母们非常关心的最重要的事情。(3)关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时可省略。宾语表语about的宾语that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all,little,few,much,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时。AllthatIneedisonlyyouradvice.我所需要的只是你的建议。Thereisnotmuchthatoughttobedonerightnow.没有多少应该立即做的事情。InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverythingthattheycantosupporttheirchildren.在中国,父母总是尽他们所能来支持他们的孩子。(2)当先行词被all,every,no,little,few,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修饰时。ThesemessagesaretheveryonesthatIhavebeenlookingfor.这些就是我一直在寻找的信息。that不用which的情况(3)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。WhenitcomestoJinan,thefirstthatcomestomindisthespringwater.谈到济南时,首先想到的就是泉水。Thatisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.那是这座城市到目前为止放过的最好的一部电影。(3)当主是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichisoneofthethingsthatmakepeoplehappy?哪一件是让人快乐的事?用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。I'mlookingforaboxinwhichIcanputalltheseeggs.我在寻找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的箱子。(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球是很有趣的运动项目，全世界的人都在踢。(3)先行词本身就是that时。What'sthatwhichexcitesyousomuch?是什么事情让你如此兴奋?eruptv.火山)爆发;(岩、烟等)喷出eruptionn.爆发;突发eruptfrom从······喷出eruptinto突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)eruptviolently猛烈地爆发volcaniceruption火山喷发

练习：Theplacewasrecentlyvisitedbyaseriousvolcanic____________(erupt).eruptionsupplyn.供应(量);补给;储备vt.供应;供给supplysb.withsth.为某人提供某物supplysth.tosb.把某物提供给某人supplyanddemand供求关系(be)inshortsupply供应短缺;供应不足练习：Theywillsupplyus_______technologyinsupportwithoutaskingforanythinginreturn.withPart03PracticeCompleteeachsentencewithsuitablerelativepronouns.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople_____________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.

2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything__________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_____________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.whosewhothatthat/whichwhose这些人的家园被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。那个母亲在灾难中失踪的受伤男孩被送去了医院。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.WearelearningEnglish,alanguage_____________isusedinmanyfieldsintheworld.2.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacher____