新疆和田地区2024-2025学年高三英语上学期12月月考试题含解析

Page20高三英语试题留意事项考生在答题前请细致阅读本留意事项及各题答题要求1．本试卷满分为120分，考试时间为90分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在答题卡的规定位置。3．作答选择题，必需用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必需用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。AFireSafetyTrainingOnlineThise-learningfiresafetytrainingcourseisaimedatallstaff.Thisfiresafetyawarenessonlinecourseenablesindividualstoimprovetheirknowledgeandunderstandingoffiresafety.Firesafetyisavitalpartofanybusiness.Withthee-learningfiresafetycourseyoucanensureasafeenvironmentforyourstaffandcustomerswithminimumdisruption(混乱)toyourbusiness.Asthiscourseisonline,itbenefitsfromconstantupdatestoensurethecontentremainsaccuratetoanychanginglaw.WHATDOESTHELAWREQUIRE?TheFireSafetyOrderrequiresallemployersto:Carryoutafireriskassessment.Provideappropriatetrainingfortheirstaff—thisshouldberelevanttoaperson’sjob.Everyoneshouldhavebasicfiresafetytrainingsothiscourseisideal.Providetrainingforfirewardens(管理人)—FireRiskAssessmentsLtdprovidesthistrainingonlineduetothisbeinguniquetoyoursiteandfireprocedures.THETRAININGPROGRAMTheaveragetimetocompletethecourseisapproximately30minutes.Aftercompletingeachsection,peopleneedanswerafewmultiplechoicequestionscorrectlybeforeprogresstothenextsectionispossible.COURSECONTENTMaingoalsincludingpreservation,prevention,protectionandproceduresCharacteristicsoffireLegalrequirementsFireevacuation(疏散)MeansofputtingoutfireInteractivequizShouldyouwishtobookorfindoutmoreabouttheabovecourse,pleasecallFireRiskAssessmentsLtdon02087635610tospeaktooneoftheirtrainingadvisors.Alternativelyyoucanemailthematenquiries@firera.co.ukorvisittheirwebsiteatfirera.co.uk.1.Whoisthisadvertisementmostprobablyintendedfor?A.Employers. B.Lawmakers.C.Firefighters. D.Governmentofficials.2.Whichofthefollowingisoneadvantageoftheonlinecourse?A.Itappliestousersworldwide.B.Itagreeswiththelatestlegalrequirements.C.Itisfreeofcharge.D.Itcanbelearnedanytimelearnerswant.3.Whatdopeopleneedtodoafterfinishingeachsection?A.Putoutafirein30minutes. B.Conductafireriskassessment.C.Learnrelatedlegalrequirements. D.Answersomequestionscorrectly.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。是一门针对雇主的网上消防平安训练课程，介绍了课程的时间、内容和火灾的特点等信息。【1题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第一段第三、四句“Firesafetyisavitalpartofanybusiness.Withthee-learningfiresafetycourseyoucanensureasafeenvironmentforyourstaffandcustomerswithminimumdisruption(混乱)toyourbusiness.（消防平安是任何行业的重要组成部分。通过防火平安电子学习课程，您可以为您的员工和客户确保一个平安的环境，并将对您的业务造成的影响降到最低。）”可推知，这个广告很可能是为雇主准备的。故选A项。2题详解】微小环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终一句“Asthiscourseisonline,itbenefitsfromconstantupdatestoensurethecontentremainsaccuratetoanychanginglaw.（由于这门课程是在线的，它受益于不断更新，以确保内容对任何变更的法律保持精确。）”可知网课符合最新的法律要求。故选B项。【3题详解】微小环节理解题。依据THETRAININGPROGRAM部分中的最终一句“Aftercompletingeachsection,peopleneedanswerafewmultiplechoicequestionscorrectlybeforeprogresstothenextsectionispossible.（在完成每个部分之后，人们须要正确地回答几个多项选择题，然后才能进入下一个部分。）”可知，人们完成每个部分后须要正确回答几个问题。故选D项。BAccordingtoanewstudy,puttingpreschooler(学龄前儿童)inbedby8p.m.couldreducetheirchancesofbecomingoverweightorobeselaterinlifebyhalf.Preschoolersarechildrenaroundtheageof4or5.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysobesitycanleadtoseriouslong-termhealthproblemslikediabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.ResearchersfromtheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofPublicHealthhavefoundthatyoungchildrenwhogotobedafter9p.m.aretwiceaslikelytobeobeselaterinlife.TheresearcherswrotetheirfindingsinTheJournalofPediatrics.TheleadauthorofthestudyisSarahAnderson.Sheisaprofessorofepidemiology(流行病学).Andersonsaysthat,forparents,theresultsofthestudysupporttheimportanceofcreatingabedtimeroutine.Shesaysthathavingausualbedtimeroutineissomething“familiescandotolowertheirchildren’srisk”ofbecomingoverweight.Researchersuseddatafrom977childrenforthestudy.ThesechildrenarepartofalargerprojectcalledtheStudyofEarlyChildCareandYouthDevelopment.Theprojectfollowshealthybabiesbornin1991in10citiesinUS.Whenthesechildrenturned15yearsold,theresearcherslookedattheirratesofobesity.Ofthosewiththeearliestbedtimes,onlyoneoutof10wasobese.Ofthosewhowenttobedbetween8and9p.m.,16percentbecameobese.Andoutofthosewiththelatestbedtimes,23percentbecameobese.TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportedin2014thatthenumberofoverweightbabiesandyoungchildrenworldwidehadincreasedfrom31millionin1990to44millionin2012.Ifthattrendcontinues,theWHOwarns,therewillbe70millionobesechildrenintheworldby2025.4.Accordingtothepassage,theriskofobesity______.A.canbecutbyhalfifchildrengotobedby9p.m.B.canleadtolowbloodpressurediabetesandheartdiseaseC.isthehighestattheageof4or5D.ishigherforthosechildrenwhosleeplateatnight5.Theunderlinedword“obese”inthefirstparagraphmeans______.A.heavy B.light C.fat D.slim6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheresearch?A.TheresearchisorganizedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.B.Theresultshowsthatchildrensleepingbefore8p.m.havethelowestrateofobesity.C.ThefindingsarebasedonthedataprovidedbyTheJournalofPediatrics.D.Theresearchisfunded(供应资金)bytheStudyofEarlyChildCareandYouthDevelopment.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheresultoftheresearch?A.Objective(客观) B.Disappointed C.Positive D.Satisfied【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。依据新探讨表明，学龄前儿童早睡能有效削减他们超重以及日后患肥胖症的几率。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Accordingtoanewstudy,puttingpreschooler（学龄前儿童）inbedby8p.m.couldreducetheirdancesofbecomingoverweightorobeselaterinlifebyhalf.(依据一项新的探讨，让学龄前儿童在晚上8点前上床睡觉，可以使他们以后超重或肥胖的几率减半)可知，早睡的孩子能削减超重或者肥胖的几率，可推出，那些晚睡的孩子更有可能变得肥胖，故选D项。【5题详解】词义揣测题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了关于早睡能有效削减儿童肥胖风险的探讨，再结合画线词前的overweight(超重)可知，本句是说：依据一项新的探讨，让学龄前儿童在晚上8点前上床睡觉，可以使他们以后超重或肥胖的几率减半，因此，画线词词义为“肥胖的”。故选C项。【6题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第一段“Accordingtoanewstudy,puttingpreschoolerinbedby8p.m.couldreducetheirchancesofbecomingoverweightorobeselaterinlifebyhalf.(依据一项新的探讨，让学龄前儿童在晚上8点前上床睡觉，可以使他们以后超重或肥胖的几率减半)”以及第三段“ResearchersfromtheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofPublicHealthhavefoundthatyoungchildrenwhogotobedafter9p.m.aretwiceaslikelytobeobeselaterinlife.(俄亥俄州立高校公共卫生学院的探讨人员发觉，晚上9点后上床睡觉的年轻儿童在以后肥胖的可能性是他们的两倍)”以及第六段“Researchersuseddatafrom977childrenforthestudy.”（探讨人员运用了977名儿童的数据进行探讨）可知，八点之前睡觉的孩子变得肥胖的几率最低；这项探讨是俄亥俄州立高校公共卫生学院主办的；探讨数据来自于977名儿童。因此，关于这项探讨，正确的陈述是B项“Theresultshowsthatchildrensleepingbefore8p.m.havethelowestrateofobesity.(结果显示，晚上8点前睡觉的儿童肥胖率最低)”符合题意。故选B项。【7题详解】推理推断题。通读全文可知，本文首先说明白这项探讨的结论以及世界卫生组织认为肥胖会导致很多严峻的疾病；接下来的段落中，作者又分别阐述了这项探讨的主要作者(TheleadauthorofthestudyisSarahAnderson.)、探讨对象是977名儿童（Researchersuseddatafrom977childrenforthestudy），最终提到了，全球超重婴幼儿数量在不断增加。依据以上分析，本文主要介绍了关于早睡能有效削减儿童肥胖风险的探讨，作者客观介绍了探讨结果及过程，没有发表自己的观点。因此，作者对探讨结果持的看法是A项“objective客观的”。故选A。CResearchersattheDogStudieslabattheMaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistoryhaveshownthatdogsmaypossesssomemetacognitive(元认知)abilities.Specifically,whentheydonothaveenoughinformationtosolveaproblem,theywillactivelylookformoreinformation,similarlytoprimates(灵长类).Inarecentstudy,projectleaderJuliaBelgerexploredwhetherdogshavemetacognitiveabilities.Totestthis,theresearchersdesignedadeviceinvolvingtwoV-shapedfences.Areward,eitherfoodoratoy,wouldbeplacedbyoneresearcherbehindoneofthetwofenceswhileanotherresearcherheldthedogs.Insomecases,thedogscouldseewheretherewardwasplaced,whileinothers,thedogscouldnot.Theresearchersthenanalyzedhowfrequentlythedogslookedthroughthegapinthefencebeforechoosinganoption.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogsdidchecksignificantlymoreoftenfortherewardwhentheyhadnotseenwhereitwasplaced.Theseresultsshowthatdogsdotendtoactivelyseekextrainformationwhentheyhavenotseenwheretherewardisconcealed.Theresultsdidnotallowtheresearcherstosaydefinitivelywhetherdogspossessmeta-cognition,thoughtheydisplayedsomeevidenceforit.Juliasaid,“Forhumans,visionisanimportantinformationgatheringsense.Inthiscase,ourexperimentwasbasedonacheckingactionrelyingonsight,butthedogsprobablyalsousedtheirsenseofsmellwhencheckingthroughthegap.Weknowthatsmellisveryimportanttodogsandwecouldseethattheywereusingit.”Juliaadded,“Infuture,wewouldliketodevelopanexperimenttoinvestigateunderwhatcircumstancesdogsdecidetousetheirsenseofsmellversussight.Thismaygiveusadditionalinsightsintotheirinformationseekingabilities.”8.Whatabilitymaydogshaveaccordingtothestudy?A.Toofferinformationlikeprimates. B.Tousetheirskillstofindmorefood.C.Toseekinformationtosolveaproblem. D.Toaskforhelpbeforechoosinganoption.9Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concealed”inparagraph3mean?A.Decorated. B.Hidden. C.Produced. D.Purchased.10.Whatattitudedidtheresearchershavetothefinding?A.Uncertain. B.Friendly. C.Negative. D.Critical.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyouprobablyreadthetext?A.Environmentandtechnology. B.Humansandnature.C.Literatureandculture. D.Societyandlife.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的探讨表明狗可能具有确定的元认知实力，但探讨者并不能完全确定探讨结果的牢靠性。【8题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Specifically,whentheydonothaveenoughinformationtosolveaproblem,theywillactivelylookformoreinformation,similarlytoprimates(灵长类).（具体来说，当它们没有足够的信息来解决一个问题时，它们会主动地找寻更多的信息，这与灵长类动物类似。）”可知，狗可能具有搜集信息来解决问题的实力。故选C。【9题详解】词句揣测题。依据上文“Theresearchersfoundthatthedogsdidchecksignificantlymoreoftenfortherewardwhentheyhadnotseenwhereitwasplaced.（探讨人员发觉，当狗没有看到嘉奖被放在哪里时，它们的确会更频繁地查看嘉奖。）”可推知，划线词所在的句子意为“这些结果表明，当狗没有看到嘉奖藏在哪里时，它们的确倾向于主动找寻额外的信息。”。concealed意为“隐藏”。故选B。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段第一句“Theresultsdidnotallowtheresearcherstosaydefinitivelywhetherdogspossessmeta-cognition,thoughtheydisplayedsomeevidenceforit.（探讨结果并没有让探讨人员确定狗是否具有元认知，尽管他们展示了一些证据。）”可知，探讨者们并不能确定狗是否真的具有元认知实力。故选A。【11题详解】推理推断题。这是一篇科普文，介绍了狗可能具有确定的元认知实力。我们应当可以在报纸的《人与自然》版块阅读到这样的文章。故选B。DIfyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhohavetroublefallingasleep,listenup.Youmightfallasleep15minutesearlierandwakeupfarlessduringthenightifyouputonapairofsocksatbedtime.Tounderstandwhy,youfirstneedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweencorebodytemperatureandsleep.Duringdaylighthours,thehumanbodykeepsatanaveragetemperatureof37degreesCelsius.Butatnight,yourcorebodytemperaturereducesasmuchas1.2degreesCelsiusoverthecourseofsixorsevenhoursofsleep.Itturnsoutthatthisgradualdecreaseincorebodytemperatureisakeypartofthecomplexneurobiologicaldance(神经生物学行为)offallingasleepandstayingasleep.Andthefasteryoucanlowerthecorebodytemperature,thefasteryouwillfallasleep.Oneofthewaysyourbodyregulates(调整)itstemperatureisthroughbloodvessels(血管)inyourskin.Ifthebraindecidesthebodyistoohot,itwillwidenbloodvessels,guidingwarmerbloodfromthebody’scoretotherestofthebodytocoolitdown.Ifthebodyistoocold,thebrainsignalstheoppositereaction,limitingtheflowofbloodtothesurface.Accordingtoresearchers,warmingthefeetbeforegoingtosleeppromotesvasodilation(血管舒张)byusingawarmfootbathorwearingsocks,whichinturnlowersthebody’scoretemperaturefasterthangoingtosleepwithcold,barefeet.Scientiststhinksockedfeetmayhaveaneurologicaleffectaswell.InsidethePO/AHofthebrainisatypeofawarm-sensitiveneuron(热敏神经元),helpingusfallasleepandstayasleep.Andifthat’sthecase,warmingupthefeetbeforebedtimegiveswarm-sensitiveneuronsanextrapower.Inastudy,Koreanresearchersfoundthatwearingapairofspecial“sleepingsocks”notonlyquickenedsleep,butlengthenedoverallsleeptimebyanaverageof30minutesandcutnighttimewakingperiodinhalf.12.What’stherelationshipbetweencorebodytemperatureandsleep?A.Onceyoucontrolyourcorebodytemperature,you’llfallasleepquickly.B.Thefasteryourcorebodytemperaturedrops,thefasteryou’llfallasleep.C.Thecorebodytemperaturedoesn’thaveanythingtodowithsleep.D.Thedecreaseofthecorebodytemperaturestopsfastsleep.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebenefitofsleepingwithapairofsocks?A.Loweringthebody’stemperaturegreatly. B.Reducingoverallsleeptime.C.Increasingnighttimewakingperiod. D.Speedingupyoursleep.14.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.People’sbodytemperaturegoesupatnight.B.Itmustbeuncomfortabletowearsocksinbed.C.Awarmfootbathmightbehelpfulbeforesleeping.D.Warm-sensitiveneuronshavenoeffectonsleep.15.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Byprovidingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparison. D.Bygivingexplanations.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。探讨表明，睡觉时穿一双袜子有利于更快入睡以及削减晚上醒来的次数，因此，本文对核心体和顺睡眠之间的关系进行了具体的说明。【12题详解】微小环节理解题。文章第三段“Itturnsoutthatthisgradualdecreaseincorebodytemperatureisakeypartofthecomplexneurobiologicaldance(神经生物学行为)offallingasleepandstayingasleep.Andthefasteryoucanlowerthecorebodytemperature,thefasteryouwillfallasleep.(事实证明这个核心体温渐渐下降是入睡和保持睡眠状态这个困难的神经生物学行为的关键部分。你降低核心体温的速度越快，你入睡的速度就越快)”可知，核心体温下降得越快，入睡的速度也越快。故选B项。【13题详解】微小环节理解题。依据最终一段“Inastudy,Koreanresearchersfoundthatwearingapairofspecial‘sleepingsocks’notonlyquickenedsleep,butlengthenedoverallsleeptimebyanaverageof30minutesandcutnighttimewakingperiodinhalf.(韩国探讨人员在一项探讨中发觉，穿一双特别的‘睡眠袜子’不仅能加快睡眠速度，还能将整体睡眠时间平均延长30分钟，并将夜间醒来的时间缩短一半)”可知，穿着袜子睡觉，可加快入睡速度，延长整体睡眠时间。缩短夜间醒来时间。故选D项。【14题详解】推理推断题。原文倒数其次段“Scientiststhinksockedfeetmayhaveaneurologicaleffectaswell.InsidethePO/AHofthebrainisatypeofawarm-sensitiveneuron(热敏神经元),helpingusfallasleepandstayasleep.Andifthat’sthecase,warmingupthefeetbeforebedtimegiveswarm-sensitiveneuronsanextrapower.(科学家们认为穿袜子的脚也可能对神经系统有影响。在大脑的PO/AH内部是一种热敏神经元，帮助我们入睡并保持睡眠。假如是这样的话，睡前暖脚会给热敏感神经元增加额外的能量)”可知，睡前暖脚跟睡觉穿袜子一样，有助于我们入睡和保持睡眠。故选C项。【15题详解】推理推断题。通读全文，文章第一段提出观点：睡觉时穿袜子有利于睡眠。从其次段“Tounderstandwhy,youfirstneedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweencorebodytemperatureandsleep.(要理解其中的缘由，你首先须要了解核心体和顺睡眠之间的关系)”可知，作者接下来要说明其原理。故选D项。其次节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)Beingaleadercanbeexhausting.Servingasarolemodelcanleaveleadersfeelingtiredandinneedofrefreshment.____16____.Fortunately,researchprovidestheanswer.Intheirleisuretime,leadersneedtostopdrawingontheresourcestheyusedupatwork.____17____.Forexample,BillGatestakesregular“ThinkWeeks”,duringwhichhestaysaloneinaremotecabin.____18____.Needscomeintwoforms—physicalandpsychological.Physicalneedsincludethingslikesleep.Anadequateamountofsleepmaybethemostimportantrecoverymechanism.Leadersalsohavethepsychologicalneedstofeelcompetentandtohavesatisfyingrelationships.ReshmaSaujani,theCEOofGirlsWhoCode,satisfiesherneedstofreelyselectactivitiesbyscheduling“metime”withherself.Leadersneedtorelax.____19____.Ifleadersareawayfromtheofficebutstillansweringemailsandrespondingtotexts,theycan’tgetpsychologicallyrelaxedandwon’tbefullyrefreshed.MarkCubanaccomplishesthisbyputtingawayhisphonewhenhe’sathome.Thisallowshimtodistancehimselffromwork.____20____.Hobbiesletustakeadvantageofresourcesthataredifferentfromthoseweuseatwork,satisfyourneedstofeelcompetentandfreelychoosehowtospendourtime,andmentallyabsorbourselvessoweforgetaboutourworkrolesandobligations.Anyhobbywilldo.A.PutworkoutoftheirmindB.ScientistshavecarriedoutsomeresearchC.HobbiesaretheonlysolutiontothequestionD.LeadersshouldgivethoseresourcesabreaktogetbacktotheirbestE.OneactivitythatcansatisfyalloftheserequirementsisahobbyF.LeadersneedtosatisfytheirneedsG.Thequestioniswhatisthebestwayforleaderstorefreshthemselves【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作为一个领导者可能会让人力倦神疲。作为一个榜样会让领导者感到乏累，须要振作。文章主要就领导者如何复原精力说明白一些方法。【16题详解】依据上文“Beingaleadercanbeexhausting.Servingasarolemodelcanleaveleadersfeelingtiredandinneedofrefreshment.(作为一个领导者可能会让人力倦神疲。作为一个榜样会让领导者感到乏累，须要振作)”结合后文提到了领导复原精力的探讨，故G选项“问题是什么是领导们复原精力的最好方法”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】依据上文“Intheirleisuretime,leadersneedtostopdrawingontheresourcestheyusedupatwork.(在闲暇时间，领导者须要停止利用他们在工作中已经耗尽的资源)”以及后文“Forexample,BillGatestakesregular“ThinkWeeks”,duringwhichhestaysaloneinaremotecabin.(例如，比尔·盖茨定期进行“思索周”，在此期间，他独自呆在一个偏远的小木屋里)”可知，上文提到了领导者停止利用耗尽的资源，后文则用比尔盖茨的思索周举例说明，可知领导者要给资源休息时间，D选项中thoseresources对应上文中resources。故D选项“领导者应当给这些资源一个休息的时间，让它们回到最佳状态”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】依据后文“Needscomeintwoforms—physicalandpsychological.Physicalneedsincludethingslikesleep.Anadequateamountofsleepmaybethemostimportantrecoverymechanism.Leadersalsohavethepsychologicalneedstofeelcompetentandtohavesatisfyingrelationships.ReshmaSaujani,theCEOofGirlsWhoCode,satisfiesherneedstofreelyselectactivitiesbyscheduling“metime”withherself.(需求有两种形式——生理的和心理的。生理需求包括睡眠。足够的睡眠可能是最重要的复原机制。领导者在心理上也须要有实力和令人满足的人际关系。GirlsWhoCode的首席执行官ReshmaSaujani通过为自己支配“私人时间”来满足她自由选择活动的需求)”可知，本段主要讲解并描述了领导者是如何满足他们的需求的，F选项中needs对应后文中needs。故F选项“领导者须要满足他们的需求”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】依据后文“Ifleadersareawayfromtheofficebutstillansweringemailsandrespondingtotexts,theycan’tgetpsychologicallyrelaxedandwon’tbefullyrefreshed.MarkCubanaccomplishesthisbyputtingawayhisphonewhenhe’sathome.Thisallowshimtodistancehimselffromwork.(假如领导者不在办公室，但仍在回复邮件和短信，他们就无法从心理上得到放松，也不会得到充分的复原。马克·库班在家的时候会把手机收起来，以此来实现这一点。这让他可以远离工作)”可知，后文提到了不在办公室领导者仍在回复邮件和短信，他们就无法从心理上得到放松，也不会得到充分的复原，可见要在休息时不再想工作的事情，故A选项“别再想工作”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】依据后文“Hobbiesletustakeadvantageofresourcesthataredifferentfromthoseweuseatwork,satisfyourneedstofeelcompetentandfreelychoosehowtospendourtime,andmentallyabsorbourselvessoweforgetaboutourworkrolesandobligations.Anyhobbywilldo.(爱好可以让我们利用不同于我们工作中运用的资源，满足我们的需求，让我们感到有实力，自由选择如何度过我们的时间，并使我们的精神专注，从而遗忘我们的工作角色和义务。任何爱好都可以)”可知，本段主要说明白业余爱好对于领导者复原精力的好处，E选项中ahobby对应后文中Hobbies。故E选项“一项能满足全部这些要求的活动是业余爱好”符合语境，故选E。其次部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ihavesomestudentswhoareinadifficultstageoflife.OnestudentcalledSusie____21____.ItwasinOctoberandanafter-school____22____IstartedteachinginSeptemberwaswell____23____.Iwasinmy____24____whenSusiecamein.Icouldseesomethingwas____25____.“Ican’tstayafterschooltodaybecauseIhaveto____26____mylittlesisters,”Iassuredherthatitwouldnotbeaproblemforherto____27____it.Fiveminuteslater,Susiewalkedbackin.Ithoughtshehadleftsomethingbehindandaskedifshewasokay.Shesaidshewas____28____andwouldliketositinwhileshewaswaitingforhermothertopickherup.IaskedSusieifshewouldliketo____29____it.Susieansweredshepreferrednotto.Susie______30______sittinginwithusfortheentireactivity______31______.Whentheactivitywasoverandthestudentswere______32______gone,IaskedSusiewhyhermotherhadn’tcomeyet.Shetoldme,“Mydadwentoutdrinkingtwonightsagoandhasn’tbeenhomeyet.It’smy______33______totakecareofmysisters,andIthinkmymomisoutlookingfordad.”IwantedtomakesurethatSusiewasreallyokay.AfterIwas______34______thatshewas,Itoldher.“It’sokaytobetiredofbeingstrongfortheadultsinyourlife.It’sokaytobeangrybecauseyouareexpectedtodoadultthingsnow.It’sokaytobe______35______thatyourdadmaynotbeallright.Youareallowedtobefrustratedbecauseyouare______36______amessyoucan’tgetoutof.”Susiebeganto______37______.ThatSusie’sfamilywasfailingherdidn’tmeanSusiewould______38______.Iallowedhertoknowalittleofmychildhood.ShesawI’d______39______inmyownlifeandrealizedthattherewasagood______40______forher.21.A.growsup B.standsout C.dropsout D.breaksup22.A.interview B.tour C.celebration D.activity23.A.inadvance B.invain C.underway D.ondisplay24.A.office B.home C.company D.store25.A.unfair B.fun C.significant D.wrong26.A.lookafter B.turnto C.takeover D.callfor27.A.admit B.understand C.miss D.avoid28.A.free B.pleased C.embarrassed D.fine29.A.keepupwith B.participatein C.careabout D.takeadvantageof30.A.focusedon B.putoff C.putupwith D.endedup31.A.argument B.meal C.class D.conference32.A.finally B.nervously C.abruptly D.cautiously33.A.policy B.request C.attempt D.responsibility34.A.confused B.satisfied C.annoyed D.astonished35.A.confident B.grateful C.patient D.afraid36A.stuckin B.curiousabout C.fondof D.frightenedat37.A.move B.escape C.shake D.cry38.A.laugh B.leave C.fail D.complain39.A.stayed B.succeeded C.survived D.struggled40.A.symbol B.reason C.supply D.future【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一名老师，他有很多学生都在阅历着人生的艰难阶段，本文主要讲解并描述了作者激励其中的一位学生的故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位名叫Susie的学生的状况尤为突出。A.growsup长大；B.standsout突出，惹眼；C.dropsout退出；D.breaksup打破，分解。依据前一句Ihavesomestudentswhoareinadifficultstageoflife.(我有一些处在生活困难阶段的学生)可知，此处是拿Susie作为一个典型、突出的例子，standout表示“突出、惹眼”，符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事情发生在十月份，当时我从九月份起先教授的课后活动正在有序进行中。A.interview采访；B.tour旅游；C.celebration庆祝；D.activity活动。依据空前的after-school可推知，此处指“课后活动”，第三段最终一句中theentireactivity也是提示。故选D项。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事情发生在十月份，当时我从九月份起先教授的课外活动正在有序进行中。A.inadvance提前；B.invain徒劳；C.underway正在进行中；D.ondisplay展示。依据下文第四段开头Whentheactivitywasover可知，此处指课外活动“正在进行中”。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Susie进来的时候，我正在办公室里。A.office办公室；B.home家；C.company公司；D.store商店。依据语境可知，作者是一名老师，此时正在进行课后活动，所以此处指在“办公室”，其他选项不符合语境。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我能够看出她遇到一些麻烦。A.unfair不公允的；B.fun好玩的；C.significant重要的，有意义的；D.wrong错误的。依据下一句Susie说的话Ican’tstayafterschooltodaybecauseIhaveto____6____mylittlesisters.可推知，作者看出来Susie来找自己是有一些异样状况要说，故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我不得不照看我的妹妹。A.lookafter照看；B.turnto求助于；C.takeover接管；D.callfor须要，要求。依据Ican’tstayafterschooltoday可推知，Susie放学后不能在学校逗留是因为要照看妹妹，下一段中takecareofmysisters也是提示。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向她保证她缺席课后活动没有什么问题。A.admit承认；B.understand理解；C.miss错过，思念；D.avoid避开。上文Susie说自己放学后不能逗留，此处是作者劝慰她“错过”课外活动没关系。故选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她回答说她很好。A.free自由的；B.pleased快乐的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.fine好的，（天气）晴朗的。依据上文askedifshewasokay及下文IwantedtomakesurethatSusiewasreallyokay.(我想确认她是否真的很好)可知，此处Susie回答说她“很好”。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我问Susie她是否情愿参与课后活动。A.keepupwith跟上；B.participatein参与；C.careabout关切，在乎；D.takeadvantageof利用。依据上文wouldliketositinwhileshewaswaitingforhermothertopickherup可知，Susie想在这儿坐一会儿等她妈妈来接她，此处指作者问她是否想趁这个时间“参与”课后活动。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果Susie整个活动课都坐在里面，和我们在一起。A.focusedon专注于；B.putoff推迟，取消；C.putupwith忍受；D.endedup结束。依据Susieansweredshepreferrednotto.可知，Susie说不太想参与，结果就始终坐着，endupdoingsth.表示“结果是（做），以做……而告终故”，符合题意。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果Susie整个活动课都坐在里面，和我们在一起。A.argument争辩；B.meal一餐，饭；C.class课，课堂；D.conference会议。依据上文内容可知，学生们正在上活动课，所以选class。故选C项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当活动结束后，学生们最终都走了。A.finally最终；B.nervously惊惶地；C.abruptly突然；D.cautiously谨慎地。依据Whentheactivitywasover可知，此处指“最终”学生们都走了。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：照看我的妹妹是我的责任。A.policy政策；B.request恳求，要求；C.attempt尝试；D.responsibility责任。依据空前Mydadwentoutdrinkingtwonightsagoandhasn’tbeenhomeyet.及空后andIthinkmymomisoutlookingfordad.可知，爸爸妈妈都不在家，Susie认为照看妹妹是自己的“责任”。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我听说她没有问题而感到满足之后，我告知她。A.confused困惑的；B.satisfied满足的；C.annoyed苦恼的，生气的；D.astonished惊异的。依据上文IwantedtomakesurethatSusiewasreallyokay.可知，作者想确认Susie是真的没事，再由本句中thatshewas可知，Susie真的没事，作者感到满足，其他选项不符合语境。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：担忧你的父亲或许会出问题是正常的。A.confident自信的；B.grateful感谢的；C.patient耐性的；D.afraid胆怯 的。依据空后yourdadmaynotbeallright可知，父亲出问题，作为孩子觉得“担忧，胆怯 ”是正常的。故选D项。【36题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：因为你陷入逆境而无法自拔，全部你可以感到懊丧。A.stuckin陷入；B.curiousabout对……新奇 ；C.fondof宠爱；D.frightenedat受……惊吓。依据空后youcan’tgetoutof可推知，此处指“陷入”逆境无法自拔。故选A项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susie起先哭了起来。A.move移动；B.escape逃跑；C.shake摇摆；D.cry哭。上文作者劝慰并激励Susie，此处指Susie听了之后“哭”了起来。故选D项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susie的家庭使她悲观并不意味着她会失败。A.laugh大笑；B.leave离开；C.fail失败；D.complain埋怨。依据上文作者始终激励Susie可知，作者认为，虽然Susie家境不好，但是这并不能确定Susie的命运，此处“fail”符合语境。故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看到了我在我自己的生活中胜利了。A.stayed逗留；B.succeeded胜利；C.survived生存；D.struggled挣扎。依据Iallowedhertoknowalittleofmychildhood.可推知，作者的童年和Susie类似，现在作者是一名老师，所以虽然有不好的童年，但是现在是胜利的。此处succeeded与上文中fail形成对比。故选B项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她意识到她也会有一个好的前程。A.symbol象征；B.reason缘由；C.supply供应；D.future将来。此处指Susie知道作者的阅历后，意识到她自己也会有一个奇异的“将来”。故选D项。其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChineseMedicineFoodMedicinefoodisauniquecookingstyleinChinesecuisine.Itisaperfect____41____(combine)ofChinesecookingandtraditionalChinesemedicinetogettheeffectsofhealthkeeping.Itisaskillfulapplicationoftheyinandyang(阴阳)theory____42____(strength)thefunctionoffoodandherbs.TheChinesesorteachtypeofvegetableandmeatintermsofyinandyang,andcombinevegetableswithmeat,____43____willmakeeachcookeddishbalanced.Duringthe5thcenturyBC,cookscreatedcuisineswithmedicalvaluesanddevelopedChineseartofcooking,____44____(use)thenatureoffoodtobalancethediet.Therewererulesonhowtoarrangedailydietandlistsofcertainherbsandvegetablesbeneficial____45____thebody.BytheSongdynasty,____46____wasrecordedthatmanydiseasescouldbecuredthroughproperdiet.Differentfoodsweresortedaccordingtotheiroriginalnature.Coldfoods____47____(believe)toremovefeverwhilewarmfoodsreducerunningnoses.Knowingthenatureofindividualfoods____48____(enable)theChinesetoeatrightfoodtoprotect____49____(vary)ofinsideorgansandbalancetheyinandyangofthebody.Forexample,sourfoodeasessomedisorders.____50____(slight)sweetfoodrelievesillnessrelatedtotheveinsandbitterfoodhelpstocureanoverheatedbody.【答案】41.combination42.