备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationForthousandsofyears，lackofsufficientdataresultsinthefactthatspaceisstillamysterytous.Mankindkeepsanongoingdesireforspaceexploration，hopingtofigureouthowstarsandplanetsoperate，althoughsomepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingmoneyonit，whichisarathershallowbelief.Intelligentpeoplehavealwaysattachedgreatimportancetouniverseexplorationinthehopeofdiscoveringmoreresources，whichoneartharelimitedandrunningout.Decadesago，manyscientistsweredeterminedtomakespaceflightcometruewithspecialvehicles.WiththefirstsatellitelaunchedandorbitingaroundEarthsuccessfully，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstastronauttobesentintospace.Afterthat，NeilArmstrongsucceededinsteppingontothemoon，signalingagiantleapformankind.Despitesomedisappointingfailures，humanbeingsarestillkeentocarryonexploringuniversesoastolearnitssecrets.Aftersendinghumansintospaceindependentlyin2003，Chinahasmadegreatprogressbeyondexpectations—Tiangong2dockedwithTianzhou1，Chang’e4landedonthemoon，andsoon.1determinevt.查明；确定；确定1.Shedeterminestocarry（carry）onwithhereducationindependently.2.[外研必修③－2]Thisinsightgrewfromthedetermined（determine）attitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.3.[外研选必③－1]Whatimpressmemostarehercourage，skillanddetermination（determine）...4.家庭教化对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。 （个人观点）Familyeducationplaysanimportantpartindeterminingaperson’scharacter.5.Determinedtoreachthefinishline（决心冲向终点线），heignoredthepainfromhisbleedinganklesandranasfastashislegscouldcarryhim. （读后续写之动作描写）★determinetodosth.确定做某事（强调动作）★determinedadj.意志坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决心/确定做某事（强调状态）★determinationn.决心；坚决★"确定做某事"的表达还有decidetodosth.，makeupone’smindtodosth.等。2desiren.渴望，欲望vt.渴望；期望1.[外研必修③－5]Researchalsosuggeststhatourdesiretoseek（seek）riskscanbeconnectedtohowmuchweexpecttobenefitfromtheresult.2.[外研选必③－2]Thereisgreaterpublicinterestinoldstoriesandtraditions，aswellasadesireforhigh-qualityproducts.3.Afterafewmonths，heronlydesireisthatherson（should）recover（recover）fromtheseriousillness.点拨desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should＋动词原形"形式，should可省略。4.假如你渴望用英语与外国人流畅地沟通，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。（邀请信）→①IfyoudesiretocommunicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desirev.，不定式）→②Ifyouhaveastrongdesirethatyou（should）communicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desiren.，that从句）点拨appealtosb.for/todosth.呼吁某人做某事；appealtosb.还可意为"对某人有吸引力"，例如：Thedesignhastoappealtoallagesandsocialgroups.设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。★havea（strong）desireforsth./that...（should）dosth.（猛烈）渴望得到某物/……做某事adesiretodosth.做某事的愿望★desire（sb.）todosth.渴望（某人）做某事desirethat...（should）dosth.渴望……做某事★desirableadj.可取的，值得做的3signalvt.标记着，表明（indicate）；表示，表达vt.&vi.发信号n.信号；标记（sign）；信号灯1.Apolicecardrewabreast（并排）ofusandsignaledustostop（stop）.2.Themomentthebellsignal（l）ed（铃声一响起），Richardrosetohisfeet，seizedhisschoolbagandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikeanarrow.（themoment引导的时间状语从句） （读后续写之动作描写）点拨留意signal可干脆加-ed或-ing，也可以双写l后再加。signal（l）ed；signal（l）ing。3.司机当心地抱起受伤的男孩，把他安置在车后排，不顾路边的红绿灯，抓紧把他送到医院。（读后续写之动作描写）Thedrivercarefullypickeduptheinjuredboy，settledhiminthebackofthecarandrushedhimtothehospital，ignoringthetrafficsignalsalongtheroad.（分词短语作状语）★signal（to）sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal（tosb.）that示意（某人）……★trafficsignals/lights红绿灯4lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏1.[人教选必①－4]Hislackofeyecontactwhentalkingwithpeopleshowsthathelacksconfidence.2.Theygaveupcarryingontheplanforlackofmoney.3.ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience，hemadeupforitbyworkingextrahard.4.由于个人信息的泄露和常见的高科技诈骗，在这个信息时代，我们好像缺乏平安感。→①Becauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwelackasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackv.）→②Becauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwearelackinginasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lacking）→③Theleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraudseemtocausealackofasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackn.）★（a/the）lackof...缺乏……forlackof...因缺乏……nolackof...不缺……★lackingadj.缺少的，不足的belackingin...缺少……5arguevt.&vi.论证；争论vi.争吵1.Recentlythecouplehavearguedwitheachotheragreatdealsincetheyhavedifferentanalysisonthemystery.2.[人教选必②－3]Putmoresimply，whilepeoplecontinuetoargueabout/overwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous，wealreadyknowthatsugarisakiller.3.Theworkersmanagedtoarguetheirbossintogivingthemapayrise.点拨留意into为介词，后跟动词时，须要用其-ing形式。4.[北师选必③－7]Youandyourparentsarehavinganargument（argue）aboutyoustayingoutlateonFridaynight.点拨留意argue变成名词时，去-e再加-ment。5.Somestudentsthinkthatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem. （正反观点）→Somestudentsarguethatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem.（词汇升级）6.Currently，60％respondentsarguefor（支持）garbageclassificationandpeoplewhoargueagainst（反对）itareintheminority. （正反观点）★arguewithsb.about/oversth.就某事与某人争吵/争论arguethat主见/认为……arguefor/against（doing）sth.赞成/反对（做）某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.劝服某人做/不做某事★argumentn.争论，争吵；论点haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.就某事与某人发生争吵/争论6attachvt.系；绑；贴；附上1.[北师必修①－3]Next，theChinesecharacterFuwasattachedupsidedowntoourfrontdoor.2.[外研选必④－1]Asstatedinmyattached（attach）CV，IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrenchfluently.点拨句意：如所附简历所述，我能流畅地说英语和法语。CV在此表示"简历"，相当于resume。3.Generally，childrenaremoreattached（attach）totheirmotherthantheirfather.4.她发觉桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着"母亲节欢乐"。Shefoundaboxlyingonthetablewithacardattachedtoit，saying"HappyMother’sDay".5.学校应当重视学生的全面发展，而不仅仅是他们的成果。 （个人观点）Schoolsshouldattachsignificance/importancetostudents’all-rounddevelopmentratherthanonlytheirgrades.点拨beattachedto中to为介词，后跟动词时，须要用其-ing形式。★attach...to把……系/绑/贴/附在……上attach（great）importance/significance/valueto认为……（极为）重要/有价值★attachedadj.酷爱……的；附属的beattachedto宠爱，依恋；附属于★attachmentn.附件；附属物；拥护；仰慕7carryon接着做，坚持干（keep，continue，goon，stickto）1.[外研选必①－3]...Stephenwasthought...tobetooshort，toothinandtooweaktofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps.ButStephencarriedon.Playingbasketballwashisdream.2.Carryonexercising（exercise）andyouwillbeingoodshape.3.Lackingsufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwiththemission.4.Ifyoucontinueworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.→Ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.（词汇升级）★carryonwith/doingsth.接着做某事carrysth.on＝carryonsth.接着某事8resultin导致，造成（cause，leadto，bringabout，contributeto，accountfor）（后跟结果）1.[北师选必①－3]ReducedrainfallinCanadaresultedinahugeforestfireinMay2016.2.[译林选必②－1]TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.3.Kidswillfeelthatparentsdon’tcareand，asaresult（结果），mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.点拨常见的表示结果的连接词语还有：so，therefore，consequently，asaconsequence，thus，hence，accordingly等。4.毫无疑问，人类活动造成了恶劣的环境。→①Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitiesresultinthebadenvironment.（resultv.）→②Thereisnodoubtthatthebadenvironmentresultsfromhumanactivities.（resultv.）→③Thereisnodoubtthattheenvironmentbecomesworseasaresultofhumanactivities.（resultn.）★resultfrom由……造成（后跟缘由）★asaresult结果asaresultof由于……9runout用完，耗尽（beusedup）；（文件）过期，失效（物作主语，无被动语态）1.TomstartedtorunafterJerryatthesightofhim，soJerryhadtorunaway.Jerrywassonervousthatheranintoatreeaccidentallyafterafewminutes’chase.Finally，theirstrengthranout.2.Iranthroughthetextmessageinahurry，notunderstandingawordofit.3.我们的汽油快用完了，所以我们不得不在加油站停下来，在那儿我们又偶然遇见了那个男人。Wewererunningoutofpetrol/Ourpetrolwasrunningout，sowehadtostopatthefillingstation，whereweraninto/acrossthemanagain.点拨runout（of）常用进行时表示将来。runout为不及物动词，通常物作主语；而runoutof后可跟宾语，通常人作主语。★runoutof（＝useup）用完（人作主语）runaway（from...）逃离；避开runfor竞选runafter追求；追逐runinto撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）；途中遭受（恶劣天气）runacross偶然遇到；穿过runthrough快速阅读；快速传遍10动词不定式作后置定语1.[人教必修②－3]SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetwasitsabilitytoremove（remove）thedistancethatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.2.Thefirstpersontoarrive（arrive）wasTonyGarciafromColombia，closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.3.Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact（contact）youfailed.4.我个人认为，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。 （申请信）Personally，Ith