湖北省武汉市重点中学5G联合体2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

第1页/共1页2023-2024学年度下学期武汉市重点中学5G联合体期末考试高二英语试卷试卷满分：150分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesthemanaskErintodo?A.Takeacoat. B.Walktoschool. C.Dresswarmly.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Erin,areyougoingtoschooldressedlikethat?You’llfreeze.Putyourwintercoaton.W:Dad,I’llbeOK.Itonlytakestenminutestowalktoschool.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Snowy. B.Sunny. C.Rainy.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:It’ssupposedtobecoldandsnowyalldaytomorrowandTuesday.Iwashopingforsomesunshine…M:Well,Ihopethey’reright.Anythingwouldbebetterthanthiswetweather.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Atataxistand. B.Atanairport. C.Atastation.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Oh,dear!Anotherdelay.Idon’tthinkwe’llevertakeoff.W:Don’tworry.Wewon’tarrivetoolate.We’lljusthavetotakeataxitotheoffice.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Afilm. B.Aplay. C.Aconcert.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ourschoolisputtingonamodernadaptationofthestory.W:Doyouknowhowthey’remodernizingit?M:Itssettingisintoday’stimeandthey’readdingcontemporarymusic.W:Soundslikeafreshinterpretation.Iwonderhowthey’llhandletheclassicscenes.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillthewomandoonThursday?A.Attendanevent. B.Sendaninvitation. C.Visitamuseum.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:AreyougoingtothegrandopeningoftheGaiaGalleryonThursday?They’llshowcaseenvironmentallythemedpainting.W:Itsoundsperfectforme,butIhaven’treceivedaninvite.M:That’snoproblem.Myinviteisfortwo.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhichdepartmentdidMs.Longworkin?A.Themarketingdepartment.B.Theaccountsdepartment.C.Theoverseasdepartment.7.WhatdoesDeniswanttodo?A.RecommendajobtoElliot.B.Askforajobtransfer.C.TalkwithMs.Long.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】原文】W:Denis,didyouhearthatMs.Longhasbeenpromotedtothedirectorofoverseasmarketing?M:Yes,Idid.Theaccountsdepartmentwillmissheralot.Doyouthinkshewillhireanynewstaffmembers?W:Yeah.Shetoldmethathernewdepartmentisexpandingfollowingtheincreaseinoverseassales.M:Then,Ishouldcallmyfriend,Elliot.HehasalwayswantedtoworkintheinternationalmarketingandheisalsofluentinGermanandFrench.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomanliketotry?A.Africandishes. B.Asiandishes. C.SouthAmericandishes.9.Whatwillthemandoatthefestival?A.Joinadish-makingclass.B.Buysomelocalproduce.C.Cooksomenoodles.10.Howlongwillthefestivallast?A.Twohours. B.Fivehours. C.Sevenhours.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:Susan,areyougoingtotheinternationalfoodfestivalnextweek?W:Oh,yeah!I’mlookingforwardtoit!M:Metoo!They’rehavingfoodstandsrepresentingcuisinesfromover30countries.Ican’twaittotrysomeAfricanandSouthAmericandishes.W:I’meagertotastesomeoftheAsiancuisines,especiallytheVietnameseandThaidishes.Andthere’llbelivecookingdemonstrations,totrymakingthingstoo.M:Yeah,I’mplanningtoattendasushiworkshop.W:Howfun!I’dlovetojoinanoodle-makingclassiftheyhaveone.M:Also,therearesomestandsshowcasingdishesmadefromlocallysourcedproduce.W:Wonderful!Itstartsat10a.m.andgoesontill5p.m.Maybewecanbetherebynoon?M:Soundsperfect!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatwastheman’sopiniononhisjobinChina?A.Rewarding. B.Boring. C.Easy.12.Whatdidthewomaninitiallyplantostudy?A.Mechanicalengineering.B.Businessadministration.C.Hotelmanagement.13.Whatdidthewomanrealizethroughhergapyearexperience?A.Itwaschallengingtoworkabroad.B.Theplannedmajorwasn’tsuitableforher.C.Shedesiredtosetupherownbusiness.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【解析】【原文】W:Forme,takingayearoffbetweenfinishingschoolandgoingtouniversitywasthebestthingIcouldhavedone.M:Yeah,tooright!Ihadagreattime.ItaughtEnglishinatinyschoolinChina.Ithoughtthejobwouldbeeasy,butitwasn’t.YetIendeduplovingit.Thekidsweregreat,anditwasareallaugh.Ofcourse,ithadnothingtodowithmystudies—mechanicalengineering—butittaughtmealotabouthowtogetalongwithpeople.Sowhywasyourgapyearspecial?W:Becauseitbroughtmetomysenses!I’dconsideredpursuingadegreeinhotelmanagement,anddecidedtousemygapyeartogetsomepracticalexperience.Igotplacedinahotel.Withintwoweeks,IrealizedIwasn’tcutoutforthatkindofthing,andthenIreappliedtostudybusinessadministration!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.HowmanybestsellershasPhilipauthoredexceptTheFearWithin?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.15.HowdoesPhilipfeelaboutenteringthefilmindustry?A.Unconfident. B.Uninterested. C.Determined.16.WhatisPhilipplanningtodoinSeptember?A.Startanewbook.B.Findsomenewtalent.C.Dosometeachingwork.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:GoodafternoonandwelcometoLiteraryCorner.Todaywe’rejoinedbyPhilipAnderson,authorofbestsellingbookTheFearWithin.Philip,welcome.M:Hi,andthanks.W:Howmanybestsellersisthatnow?M:Ifyouincludethecurrentbook,it’sfour.I’vebeenveryluckytodosowell.W:Ihearthatyourfirstbookisbeingmadeintoafilm.M:Yes,it’sveryexciting!I’llmeetwiththeproducerinafewweekstodiscussthereleasedate.W:Didyougetveryinvolvedinthefilm-makingprocess?M:No,filmingistakingplaceinAmericawhichissofarawayfromwhereI’mbased,soI’vebeenleavingthingstotheprofessionals.W:Soyourfansneedn’tworryaboutyouleavingwritingforacareerinHollywood?M:No,thatwillneverhappen.AndthiscomingSeptemberI’llstartinstructingyoungadultsincreativewriting.Ithinkit’simportanttoencouragenewtalent.ThenIhavemynextbooktostartworkon.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WheredidthespeakerstayinSeoul?A.InanAirbnb. B.Inaspahotel. C.Inabeachhouse.18.HowdoesthespeakerdescribeSeoul?A.Magicandadventurous. B.Calmandbeautiful. C.Busyandenergetic.19.WhatwasthemostunforgettableforthespeakeraboutJeju’svisit?A.Enjoyingtheperfectbeaches.B.Exploringahiddenwaterfall.C.Attendingavillagefestival.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.TodiscussKoreanculturaltraditions.B.TorecommendKoreantouristattractions.C.TosharetraveltipsonvisitingtheRepublicofKorea.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.B【解析】【详解】W:Well,letmesharesomeofmytravelexperiencesintheRepublicofKorea.Lastspring,Ispenttwoweeksthere.IexploredSeoul’scrowdedstreetsandJejuIsland’srelaxinglandscapes.MyadventurestartedinacolorfulAirbnbinSeoul.Iwanderedthroughlivelyshoppingdistricts,relaxedinpeacefulparks,hadtoursandenjoyedtheexcitingnightlife,whichincludedexploringfamousstreetsandexperiencingdiversefoodadventures,fromstreetfoodtodiningatafive-starrestaurant.ThenofftoJejuIslandwhichofferedacalmcontrast.Afterconsideringcamping,Istayedataspahotelandabeachhouse.Jeju’sbeautyshoneinitsperfectbeachesandvolcaniclandscapes.Ilovedavisittoahiddenwaterfall,whichwasahighlightforitsmagicalatmosphere.ThewarmthofthelocalsandanenergeticvillagefestivaladdedtoJeju’sappeal,showcasingtheisland’srichculturaltraditions.TheRepublicofKoreawasamixtureofSeoul’senergeticurbanlifeandJeju’squietnaturalretreats,makingitanidealdestinationforanyoneseekingvarietyintheirtravels.Itsrichculture,deliciouscuisine,andbeautifullandscapesleftalastingimpressiononme.It’saperfectplaceforfoodies,cultureenthusiasts,andnatureloversalike.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADAYTRIPITINERARY(行程)Afterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpick-uppointinLondon,settleinyourcomfortablecoachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.Theworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumenthasinspiredpeopletostudyandinterpretitforcenturies,yetmanyquestionsremaintobeanswered—aboutwhobuiltit,when,andwhy.AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyalhistory.Thestunning13-acresiteisthelargestandoldestoccupied,workingcastleintheworld.Therearemanyfamous,must-seemomentswithinthesespectacularroomsinthecastle,likethegrandWaterlooChamberandthemagnificentCrimsonDrawingRoom.Intheearlyevening,wemakeourwaytowardsLondonandproceedtowardsyourrespectivedropoffpointsandbidfarewelltoallfriendsyouhavemadeonthetour.ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOUWerecommendyouwearcomfortableclothingandcarryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyourhandbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilacomfortstoporarrivalatyourdestination.Hotfoodsarenotallowedtobecarriedorconsumedinsidethecoach.PICK-UPPOINTSNameAddressTimesHarrowOutsideMcDonalds,363StationRoad,Harrow,LondonHA12AW07:15HounslowOutsideHounslowWestStation,BathRoad,LondonTW33DH08:00KentonMANTRAHOLIDAYS,296KentonRoad,Harrow,LondonHA38DD07:00ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbeforebookingandtravelling.21.Howmanytouristspotswilltheparticipantsvisit?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.22.Itisadvisedtoputyouressentialsinthehandbagbecause________.A.theluggageholdisinaccessiblewhenthebusisinmotionB.theyarenotallowedtobecarriedinsidethecoachC.it’sconvenientforyoutoenjoyhotfoodsD.driversarelikelytoaccessthem23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ajournal. B.Awebpage.C.Atravelbrochure. D.Amagazine.【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。详细地介绍了从伦敦出发前往斯通亨奇巨石阵和温莎城堡的一日游行程，包括景点的介绍、参观顺序、以及游客需要携带的物品等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Afterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpick-uppointinLondon,settleinyourcomfortablecoachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.(在伦敦的专门接机点，您的旅游经理热情接待您后，我们将在舒适的大巴上安顿下来，开始前往巨石阵的旅程)”以及第二段“AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyalhistory.(参观完巨石阵后，我们开车前往温莎城堡，这里是皇室的家，有着1000年的皇家历史)”可知，参加者将参观两个旅游景点。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOU下的“Werecommendyouwearcomfortableclothingandcarryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyourhandbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilacomfortstoporarrivalatyourdestination.(我们建议您穿舒适的衣服，并在您的手提包中携带必需品，如夹克或套头衫，干零食，水，纸巾，充电器，充电宝等，因为只有在舒适的中途停留或到达目的地时才能使用行李舱)”可知，建议把你的必需品放在手提包里，因为公共汽车行驶时，行李舱是无法接近的。故选A项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbeforebookingandtravelling.(在预订及旅行前，请按此浏览一般资料及条款及条件)”可知，Clickhere只会出现在网页当中，所以推知本文来自一个网页。故选B项。BMyheadwassofullofdigitalnoisethatitfeltlikemybrainwasabouttoblowafuse(导火线).Ihadnogreaterpowerofconcentrationthanthelifelessstareofagoldfish.Asawriter,Iwasashamedtoadmitthatmyloveofbookshadbeencompromisedbyabrainthatsimplycouldnotsitstill.So,thisyearIcommittedmyselftorestoringbookstotheplacethattheyheldinmylifebeforetheInternetbrokemybrain.Mygoalwas52books:Itseemedlikeanimpossibletask.A400bookwilltaketheaveragepersonaroundeighthourstoread.Findingthetimetoreadwasachallengebuthere'showIdidit.Firstly,Idecidedtotreatmymindlikeamisbehavingchildwhoneedssomeruleslaiddown.ThenIdecidedthatIwouldreadforanhourortwoatatimewithoutdistractioneachday.ItwassomethingIhadn'tdoneinyearsanditwasscaryhowdifficultitwas.Inhisbook,TheDistractedMind,LarryRosensaysthatthemorewepracticespendingtimeawayfromourelectronicdevices,thecalmerandmorefocusedwebecome.AndthisiswhatIfound.Againandagain,Iwouldgentlybringmyselfbacktothepage,resistingtheurgetoreachforthatscreen.ItookinspirationfromNikiGemmell,whodescribesinOnQuiet,howinvestinginasafetolockawayherfamily'sdevicesforlongperiodshadopenedupaspacefordeepreflection.Forme,findingthatquiettimemeantfindingtimeinmydayjusttoread.Itwaslikeadatebetweenmeandmybook.AnditmeantactivelychoosingtoreadattimeswhenInormallywouldreachformyphone.Ireadonthetram,atthepark,inbedatnightandonlunchbreaks.ByreawakeningmylovewithbooksIcreatedasacredspacewhereIcouldpresspauseandfoundinspirationknowledge,reflectionandescape.Inourmodernworld,readingisapowerfulandbeneficialwayforustoslowdownandbeourselves.24.Whatwasthefirstthingtheauthordidtoachievethegoal?A.Theauthorwenttothebookstoretobuybooks.B.Theauthorwasdeterminedtoregulatehimself.C.Theauthorwasburiedinreadingforanhourortwoatonce.D.Theauthordecidedtogetinvolvedinreadingwithpeoplearound.25.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardselectronicdevices?A.Favorable B.Ambiguous C.Doubtful D.Critical26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Theauthorbenefitedalotfromreadingbooks.B.Theauthorgotinspirationwhenhereachedforthescreen.C.Theauthorwouldratherreadbooksoutdoorsthanindoors.D.Theauthorwasremindedtokilltimewithelectronicdevices.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Goingbacktothebooks B.FallinginlovewithreadingC.Escapingfromthenoisyworld D.Resistingtheurgetoreachforthescreen【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者采取行动唤醒对书籍的热爱的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Firstly,Idecidedtotreatmymindlikeamisbehavingchildwhoneedssomeruleslaiddown.(首先，我决定像对待一个不听话的孩子一样对待我的思想，需要制定一些规则)”可知，为了达到目标，作者做的第一件事是决心为自己制定规则。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inhisbook,TheDistractedMind,LarryRosensaysthatthemorewepracticespendingtimeawayfromourelectronicdevices,thecalmerandmorefocusedwebecome.AndthisiswhatIfound.(拉里·罗森在他的书《分心的心灵》中说，我们练习远离电子设备的时间越多，我们就会变得越平静，越专注。这就是我的发现)”可知，作者对电子设备的态度是批判的。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ByreawakeningmylovewithbooksIcreatedasacredspacewhereIcouldpresspauseandfoundinspirationknowledge,reflectionandescape.(通过重新唤醒我对书籍的热爱，我创造了一个神圣的空间，在那里我可以按下暂停键，找到灵感、知识、反思和逃避)”可知，作者从读书中获益匪浅。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“So,thisyearIcommittedmyselftorestoringbookstotheplacethattheyheldinmylifebeforetheInternetbrokemybrain.(所以，今年我决心要把书恢复到互联网打破我的大脑之前它们在我生活中的地位)”和最后一段的“ByreawakeningmylovewithbooksIcreatedasacredspacewhereIcouldpresspauseandfoundinspirationknowledge,reflectionandescape.(通过重新唤醒我对书籍的热爱，我创造了一个神圣的空间，在那里我可以按下暂停键，找到灵感、知识、反思和逃避)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者采取行动唤醒对书籍的热爱的故事，因此本文最好的题目是A选项“Goingbacktothebooks(回到书本上来)”，故选A。CPossiblediscoveryofthefirstplanetoutsideourgalaxySignsofaplanettransiting(经过)astaroutsideoftheMilkyWaygalaxymayhavebeendetectedforthefirsttime.Thisintriguingresult,usingNASA’sChandraX-rayObservatory,opensupanewwindowtosearchforexoplanetsatgreaterdistancesthaneverbefore.ThepossibleexoplanetcandidateislocatedinthespiralgalaxyMessier51(M51),alsocalledtheWhirlpoolgalaxybecauseofitsdistinctiveprofile.“WearetryingtoopenupawholenewarenaforfindingotherworldsbysearchingforplanetcandidatesatX-raywavelengths,astrategythatmakesitpossibletodiscovertheminothergalaxies,”saidRosanneDiStefanooftheCenterforAstrophysicsIHarvard&Smithsonian(CfA),wholedthestudy,whichwaspublishedMondayinNatureAstronomy.BecausetheregionproducingbrightX-raysissmall,aplanetpassinginfrontofitcouldblockmostoralloftheX-rays,makingthetransiteasiertospotbecausetheX-rayscancompletelydisappear.Thiscouldallowexoplanetstobedetectedatmuchgreaterdistancesthancurrentopticallighttransitstudies,whichmustbeabletodetecttinydecreasesinlightbecausetheplanetonlyblocksatinypartofthestar.Theteamusedthismethodtodetecttheexoplanetcandidateinabinarysystem(双星系统)calledM51-ULS-1,locatedinM51.Thisbinarysystemcontainsablackholeorneutronstarorbitingacompanionstarwithamassabout20timesthatofthesun.TheX-raytransittheyfoundusingChandradatalastedaboutthreehours,duringwhichtheX-rayemissiondecreasedtozero.Basedonthisandotherinformation,theresearchersestimatetheexoplanetcandidateinM51-ULS-1wouldberoughlythesizeofSaturn,andorbittheneutronstarorblackholeatabouttwiceSaturn’sdistancefromthesun.Whilethisisatantalizing(引起好奇心的)study,moredatawouldbeneededtoconfirmtheunderstandingasanextragalactic(银河系外的)exoplanet.Onechallengeisthattheplanetcandidate’slargeorbitmeansitwouldnotcrossinfrontofitsbinarypartneragainforabout70years,thwarting(阻碍)anyattemptsforaconfirmingobservationfordecades.28.Whatisthesignificanceofthenewfindingforfuturestudy?A.Ithasdistinctiveresult.B.Itopensupexplorationatlongerdistance.C.ItusesNASA’sChandraX-rayObservatory.D.ItdetectsastaroutsideoftheMilkyWayforthefirsttime.29.AccordingtoRosanneDi,howdidtheytrytofindexoplanets?A.ByusingX-raywavelengthstolookforexoplanets.B.Bydiscoveringexoplanetsinothergalaxies.C.Byopeningupawholenewarena.D.Byfindingotherworlds.30Whatdoesthisrefertoinparagraph4?A.Chandradata B.X-rayemissionC.ThedecreaseofX-ray D.TheX-raytransitthatlastedthreehours31.What’stheteam’sfuturefocus?A.Thwartattempts B.TantalizethestudyC.Confirmobservation D.Findmoreinformation【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一颗行星在银河系外凌日的迹象可能首次被发现。这一有趣的结果是由美国宇航局的钱德拉X射线天文台获得的，它为在比以往更远的地方寻找系外行星打开了一扇新的窗口。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thisintriguingresult,usingNASA’sChandraX-rayObservatory,opensupanewwindowtosearchforexoplanetsatgreaterdistancesthaneverbefore.(这一有趣的结果是由美国宇航局的钱德拉X射线天文台获得的，它为在比以往更远的地方寻找系外行星打开了一扇新的窗口)”可知，这一新发现开启了更远距离的探索。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WearetryingtoopenupawholenewarenaforfindingotherworldsbysearchingforplanetcandidatesatX-raywavelengths,astrategythatmakesitpossibletodiscovertheminothergalaxies(我们正试图开辟一个全新的领域，通过在X射线波长上搜索候选行星来寻找其他世界，这一策略使在其他星系中发现它们成为可能)”可知，根据RosanneDi的说法，他们通过使用X射线波长来寻找系外行星。故选A。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“TheX-raytransittheyfoundusingChandradatalastedaboutthreehours,duringwhichtheX-rayemissiondecreasedtozero.(他们利用钱德拉的数据发现的X射线凌日持续了大约三个小时，在此期间，X射线的发射减少到零)”以及后文“andotherinformation,theresearchersestimatetheexoplanetcandidateinM51-ULS-1wouldberoughlythesizeofSaturn,andorbittheneutronstarorblackholeatabouttwiceSaturn’sdistancefromthesun(和其他信息，研究人员估计M51-ULS-1中的候选系外行星大约有土星那么大，围绕中子星或黑洞运行，距离太阳大约是土星的两倍)”可知，研究人员基于X射线的减少的信息，估计M51-ULS-1中的候选系外行星大约和土星一样大，围绕中子星或黑洞运行，距离大约是土星到太阳距离的两倍。故this指的是“X射线的减少”。故选C。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whilethisisatantalizing(引起好奇心的)study,moredatawouldbeneededtoconfirmtheunderstandingasanextragalactic(银河系外的)exoplanet.(虽然这是一项诱人的研究，但还需要更多的数据来证实这是一颗河外系外行星)”可知，团队未来的重点是找到更多信息。故选D。DFiguringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.ScientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextractanyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods-quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing.SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedrone(无人机)oronboardaresearchvessel,andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.32.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A.Findingoutspeciesdiversityisdifficultforrelatedscientists.B.Thepreviousresearchmethodsarecompletelydependonlabor.C.eDNAtechniquescouldmakeupforsomelimitationsposedbythetraditionalone.D.eDNAtechniqueshavealreadysubstitutedtraditionalsurveymethods.33.What’stheadvantageofeDNAsampling?A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.C.Itimprovesadaptabilitytodifferentresearchingenvironments.D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.34.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities.B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments.D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.35.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.B.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.C.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.D.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.【答案】32.C33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA(eDNA)技术即将问世，文章对其进行了介绍。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.(传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA（eDNA）技术开辟了新的可能性。)”可知，第一段明确提到传统调查方法存在局限性（劳动强度大和覆盖区域有限），而新兴的环境DNA（eDNA）技术开辟了新的可能性。这表明DNA技术可以弥补传统技术带来的一些限制，因此选项C是合理的推断。故选C项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.(虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。eDNA采样的一个最显著的优势是，它允许科学家探测到难以看到或捕获的物种。这在研究稀有或非常小的物种时特别有用，或者在像黑暗水域这样的可见度有限的环境中工作时特别有用。)”可知，eDNA采样的优势在于它能提高对不同研究环境的适应性，这与选项C的描述相符，eDNA采样能够在各种环境中检测生物。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedrone(无人机)oronboardaresearchvessel,andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.(想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。)”可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段提到“Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.(长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA(eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。)”，随后文章详细介绍了eDNA技术在生物多样性监测中的优势和应用。选项A.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.(新的生物多样性监测技术即将到来。)这与文章的主旨相符，文章主要介绍了eDNA这一新的生物多样性监测技术。可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选A项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SheinexemplifiesanewstyleofChinesemultinationalXuYangtianfoundedSheinin2008.Thecreatorofthefashionworld'slatesthitisaspecialistinsearch-engineoptimisation(最优化).ThisyearShein'sgrossmerchandisevalue(GMV)isforecasttosurpass$20billion.By2022analystsexpectShein's(GMV)toovertakeZara'srevenues.___36___Thefirstisaturbochargedversionofthefast-fashionformulaofofferingaconstantlyupdatedrangeofgarmentsatbargain-basementprices.WhereasZaralaunchesabout10,000newproductsayear,Sheinreleases6,000fresh“stock-keepingunits”everyday.Sheinteststhenewdesignssimultaneously(同时地)onitsapp.Ifanewdesignispopular,thecompanyquicklyordersmore.___37______38___.Besideshandingoutproductsfreeofchargetoinfluencers,ithasrecruitedlocaldesignersinAmericaandseveralothercountries.Aswellasdreamingupnewclothes,theymarketitsproductsandbackstoriesonsocialmedia.Thethirdingredientisbrilliantavoidanceofgeopoliticalcontroversy.SheinwearsitsChinesenesslightly.UnlikeotherChinesebrandssuchasHuawei,itsellsnexttonothingdomestically.___39___.Westernconsumersassumethatlikemostoftheirclothing,SheinclothingismadeinAsia.___40___.Thecompanyrelieso