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Unit13
LanguageandMedia
TextAAreDigitalMediaChangingLanguage?
NaomiS.BaronLearning
Objectives
CommunicativeCompetenceCriticalThinkingAutonomousLearningInterculturalCompetenceCommunicativeCompetenceCriticalThinkingLearning
ObjectivesLearnthedifferencesbetweenmedialanguageandacademiclanguageGrasptherelationshipbetweenclaimsandsupportingevidenceLearnhowreportingverbsareusedinacademicwritingUnderstandtheintendedmeaningofthetextEvaluatethemeasuresadvocatedbytheauthorinresponsetolinguisticshiftsBeawareofthecomplexityofthelanguage-mediarelation-shipandavoidoversimplificationInterculturalCompetenceAutonomousLearningLearningObjectivesUnderstandhowsocialandpoliticalcontextsshapelanguageuseDevelopanawarenessoftheprescriptivetraditioninEnglishEvaluatecriticallymedialanguageinEnglishandinChinesecommunitiesUsereferencebooks/materialsSeekinformationfromlibrariesortheInternetSeeksocialassistance(frompeers,teachersorotheradults)DoyouthinklanguagewillbecorruptedbyInternetexpressions?Whataboutthewaywecommunicateviasmartphones?Willitaffecthowlanguagedevelopsastimegoesby?Doyouthinktherearedifferentformsoflanguagefordifferentmedia?Thetextsinthisunitwillprovidesomeanswerstothesequestionsasweexploretherelationshipsbetweenlanguageandthemedia.LeadinLeadinTextAdiscussestowhatextentdigitalmediachangeslanguageandhowpeoplereacttothesepossiblechanges.TextBlooksatthelanguageofbrandnamesandexploressomelegal,economicandsocialissuesrelatingtotheircreationanduse.Asyoureadthesetexts,youmaybeinspiredtoexploresometopicsrelatedtolanguageandthemediathattheyhaven'tdealtwith.BackgroundKnowledge1.AbouttheAuthor
NaomiS.BaronisProfessorofLinguisticsatAmericanUniversityinWashington,D.C.Shehasbeenstudyingtheimpactoftechnologyonlanguageforoverthirtyyears.Academicinterests:
electronically-mediatedcommunication,writingandtechnology,historyofEnglish,andhighereducation
MainPublications:Baron,N.AlphabettoEmail:HowWrittenLanguageEvolvedandWhereIt’sHeading.London:Routledge,2000.Baron,N.Alwayson:LanguageinanOnlineandMobileWorld.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2008.Baron,N.WordsonScreen:TheFateofReadinginaDigitalWorld.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2015.
BackgroundKnowledge2.PEW,NielsenandGallupPEW,NielsenandGalluparethreemajorinformationresearchcompaniesintheU.S.
PEW:PewstudiesU.S.politicsandpolicy;journalismandmedia;theInternet,scienceandtechnology;religionandpubliclife;Hispanictrends;globalattitudesandtrends;andU.S.socialanddemographictrends.
BackgroundKnowledgeNielsen:NielsenmeasuresthepopularityofU.S.televisionshows.Theyconductseparatesurveysformanylargemediamarketareas.Commercialtelevisionnetworksusetheirfindingstosetadvertisingratesforeachprogramaswellastodeterminewhichprogramstocontinueortocancel.
BackgroundKnowledgeGallup:Gallupworksoncustomerengagement,employeeengagement,organizationalcultureandidentity,leadershipdevelopment,talent-basedassessments,entrepreneurshipandwell-being.Theyworkwithscientistsandexpertstoservebusinessesinarangeofindustries,includingbanking,finance,healthcare,consumergoods,automotive,realestate,hospitality,education,governmentandbusiness-to-business(B2B).
BackgroundKnowledge3.GeoffreyChaucerGeoffreyChaucer(c.1343–1400)istheout-
standingEnglishpoetbeforeShakespeare.
Healsocontributedimportantlyinthesecondhalfofthe14thcenturytothemanagementofpublicaffairsascourtier,diplomat,andcivilservant.HisgreatworkwasTheCanterburyTales,whichisacollectionofstoriestoldbypilgrimsonapilgrimagetoCanterburyCathedral.
BackgroundKnowledge4.LordChesterfieldPhilipDormerStanhope,4thEarlofChesterfield(1694—1773),isafamousBritishstatesman,diplomatandwriter.HewaschieflyrememberedastheauthorofLetterstoHisSon.SamuelJohnsoncondemnedhiminafamousletterLettertoLordChesterfield(1755),attackingpatrons.BackgroundKnowledge5.MiddleEnglishMiddleEnglish,thevernacularspokenandwritteninEnglandfromabout1100toabout1500,isthedescendantofOld
English
andtheancestorofModernEnglish.BythetimeofChaucer,inthe14thcentury,wecanfindmanyphrasesandsentenceswhich-ifwemodernisethespelling-lookjustlikeanarchaicversionofModernEnglish.BackgroundKnowledgeAnexample:theopeningofTheCanterburyTalesWhanthatAprillwithhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotheroote,AndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicourOfwhichvertuengendredistheflour…[WhenthatAprilwithhisshowerssweetThedroughtofMarchhathpiercedtotherootAndbathedeveryveininsuchliquorOfwhichvirtueengenderedistheflower...]BackgroundKnowledgeMoreexamples:BackgroundKnowledgeMiddleEnglishModernEnglishtheefthiefgerlgirldeefdeafyevegivediscryvedescribeesilyeasilyfreendfriendfyrefiremoodermothermelodyemelody
1.TextStructurePartPara(s).MainIdeaIntroduction1-3
Minorshifts4-12
Attitudeshift113-20
Attitudeshift221-29
Responseneeded30-34Theseeminglyoverwhelminginfluenceofmediaonlanguageisnotasseriousandstudentsknowwhatappropriatelanguageis.Electronicmedia'sinfluenceonvocabulary,spellingandpunctuationisminor.Alaissez-faireattitudetowardslanguagerules.Ahigherdegreeofcontrolinlinguisticinteractionswithelectronicmedia.Strategiestocopewiththetwoshifts.TextAnalysisTextStructureDetailedAnalysisEvaluationandExplorationElectronicmediaaffectslanguageitselfinalimitedway,butitcausestwoattitudeshiftsconcerninglanguageuseamongpeople.TheThesis:TextAnalysisTextStructureDetailedAnalysisEvaluationandExplorationAsanacademicpaper,TextAcitesasevidenceacollectionofresearchfindingsandopinionsofothers.Readthetextonceagainandmatchthefollowingfindings/opinionswiththepeoplelisted.Examinethebackgroundsofthesepeopleandconsidertowhatextenttheylendsupporttothearguments.PartIComprehensionCheckDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartVa.InstantmessagesandtextmessagesA.Authorherselfarekillinglanguage.
b.CreativemediatedlanguagecanB.popularmedia/journalistscomeintoschoolessays.
c.Media’simpactonlanguageisnotasC.LordChesterfieldsignificantasdescribedbyjournalists.
d.MisspellingisaseriousmistakeandD.ConstanceHaleandJessiecancauselife-longharm.
Scanlon
e.Whenwritinge-mails,wecanuseE.DavidCrystalandotherlanguagefreelyandcreatively.experts
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV1.paucity(Para.1,line3):[N](formal)~(ofsth.),asmallamountofsth.;lessthanenoughofsth.少量;少许;贫乏e.g.apaucityofinformation信息的短缺Eventhefilm'simpressivefinalecan'thidethefirsthour'spaucityofimagination.PartIWordStudyDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV2.bring...toitsknees(Para.1,line4):
使(组织、活动等)难以继续;使屈服e.g.
Theshortageofresourcecouldbringtheeconomytoitsknees.
Nothingcanbringhimtohisknees.3.sensationalize(Para.2,line1):[V](disapproving)toexaggerateastorysothatitseemsmoreexcitingorshockingthanitreallyis大肆渲染e.g.Localnewsorganizationsarebeingcriticizedforsensationalizingthestory.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV
4.lingo
(Para.2,line2):
[N](informal)
(1)(especiallyNAmE)expressionsusedbyaparticulargroupofpeople行话;术语SYNjargone.g.baseballlingo棒球术语
(2)aforeignlanguage,especiallyonethatapersondoesnotspeakorunderstand(尤指不会说或听不懂的)外语e.g.Hedoesn'tspeakthelingo.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV5.abbreviation(Para.2,line3):[N](1)~(of/forsth.),ashortformofaword,etc.缩写形式e.g.TheabbreviationforKansasisKS.(2)theprocessofabbreviatingsth.缩略;缩写6.acronym
(Para.2,line3):[N]Anacronymisawordcomposedofthefirstlettersofthewordsinaphrase,especiallywhenthisisusedasaname.
首字母缩略词e.g.NATOisanacronymforthe“NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization”.
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV7.slip(Para.3,line1):[V](1)toputsth.somewherequickly,quietlyorsecretly
迅速放;偷偷放
e.g.Imanagedtoslipafewjokesintomyspeech.(2)~(over),toslideashortdistancebyaccident滑倒;滑跤e.g.Sheslippedoverontheiceandbrokeherleg.(3)toslideoutofpositionoroutofyourhand滑落e.g.Thefishslippedoutofmyhand.(4)togosomewherequicklyandquietly,especiallywithoutbeingnoticed悄悄疾行;溜SYNcreepe.g.Sheslippedoutofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartVThepopularmediasaythatahandfulofOMGs(ohmygod)andsmileyfaces,alongwithalackofcapitallettersandpunctuationmarks,aredestroyingEnglish.Tohearwhatthepopularmediasay,ahandfulofOMGs(ohmygod)andsmileyfaces,alongwithapaucityofcapitallettersandpunctuationmarks,mightbebringingEnglishtoitsknees.(Para.1)ParaphrasetheSentence.PartISentenceAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartVAccordingtoBaron,whatistherelationshipbetweenmediaandlanguage/languageuse?Mediaaffectnotonlysuchaspectsoflanguageasvocabulary,spellingandpunctuation,butalsopeople'sattitudestowardslanguageuse.(Para.12)PartIIComprehensionCheck
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV1.incorporation(Para.5,line1):[N](1)consolidatingtwoormorethings;unionin(orinto)onebody合并,编入e.g.TheUSneverformallyrecognisedtheBalticstates’incorporationintheSovietUnion.(2)company公司e.g.articlesofincorporation
公司章程
PartIIWordStudyDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV2.neologism
(Para.5,line4):[N](formal)anewwordorexpressionoranewmeaningofaword新词;新语汇;新义e.g.Thenewspaperusedtheneologism“dinks”.3.putsth.intoperspective(Para.5,line5):Totakeaholistic/rationalviewofaproblem全面/正确看待某事e.g.Talkingtootherscanhelptoputyourownproblemsintoperspective.
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV4.nuanced(Para.6,line2):[Adj.]delicate,subtle,refined微妙的;具有细微差别的e.g.complicatedandnuancedproblemsPsychologiststendtoviewthingsasmorenuanced.
5.police(Para.7,line2):[V](1)tomakesurethataparticularsetofrulesisobeyed
监督;管制
SYNmonitore.g.Theprofessionispolicedbyitsownregulatorybody.(2)(ofthepolice,army,etc.)togoaroundaparticularareatomakesurethatnobodyisbreakingthelaw
巡查;维护治安e.g.TheborderwillbepolicedbyUNofficials.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV6.handily
(Para.7,line4):
[Adv.](1)inawaythatishandy(=convenient)方便地;便利地e.g.We'rehandilyplacedforthetrainstation.(2)(especiallyNAmE)easily容易地;轻松地e.g.Hehandilydefeatedhischallengers.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV7.diminish(Para.9,line1):[V](1)tobecomeortomakesth.becomesmaller,weaker,etc.
减少;(使)减弱,缩减;降低
SYNdecreasee.g.Theworld'sresourcesarerapidlydiminishing.(2)tomakesb./sth.seemlessimportantthantheyreallyare.
贬低;贬损;轻视
SYNbelittlee.g.Idon'twishtodiminishtheimportanceoftheircontribution.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV8.anachronistic
(Para.9,line3):
[Adj.]outofdateorold-fashioned过时的e.g.Manyofitspracticesseemanachronistic.
9.chancesare
(Para.9,line5):belikelyto有可能e.g.Chancesarethattheywillnotcome.Thechancesareyouwon'thavetopay.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV10.inthesamevein
(Para.10,line1):
Similarly,likewise同样地
e.g.Thehistoryofthiscountryprobablyoughttobewritteninthesamevein.Inthesamevein,thissystemcanalsocontributetothedevelopmentofourfactory.
11.havelittleregardfor
(Para.10,line1):paylittleattentionto不重视;很少考虑e.g.Theyhavelittleregardforenvironmentalproblems.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV12.takethelongview
(Para.11,line3):
Thinklong-term眼光放远,做长远打算e.g.Takethelong(term)view,that'sthebestwaytodoit.13.oddity(Para.11,line5):[N](1)apersonorthingthatisstrangeorunusual
古怪反常的人(或事物)
(2)thequalityofbeingstrangeorunusual古怪;怪异;反常
14.afoot
(Para.12,line2):
[N][notbeforenoun]beingplanned;happening计划中;进行中e.g.Thereareplansafoottoincreasetaxation.Changeswereafoot.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartVSimilarly,ifyoutypeamisspelledword(orphrase)intoGoogle,thesearchenginewillgiveyoualistofwebsites.Thelistislargelythesameaswhatyougetfromthesearchengineifyouareverygoodatspelling.1.Similarly,ifyoutypeamisspelledword(orphrase)intoGoogle,chancesarethesearchenginewilllandyouprettymuchatthesamelistofsitesyouwouldhavereachedhadyoubeenafinalistintheNationalSpellingBee.(Para.9)Paraphrasethesentence.PartIISentenceAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV2.Asforwordseparation,hyphenation,andspellingmoregenerally,ithelpstotakethelongview.(Para.11)
Paraphrasethesentence.Ifwewanttotalkaboutsuchissuesaswordseparation,hyphenation,andspellingmoregenerally,itwillbehelpfulforustothinkhistorically.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV1.WhydoyouthinkthatBaronusestheword“infamous”todescribe“redpen”(Para.15)?Andwhatdoesthephrase
“theinfamousredpen”referto?Shewouldliketoletthereadersrealizethesignificanceof"redpen",whichisaneutralthingitself.The"infamousredpen"herereferstotheprescriptiveideaoflanguage/languageuse,emphasizingaccurateadherencetocertain(man-made)standards.Theprescriptiveattitudewasnotonlyfoundinlanguageeducationbutalsoinmanyotherfields.(Para.15)PartIIIComprehensionCheckDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV2.Para.17endswiththesuggestion“Whynotjustditchoneandlettheotherdodoubleduty?”.DoyouthinkBaronagreeswiththissuggestion?Whyorwhynot?No,shedoesnotagreewiththissuggestion.Shejustusesalaissez-fairetoneofstudents,inordertohighlighttheabsurdityofsuchpractice,becauseapparentlythesetwowordshavetoomuchsocialsignificancetomergeintoone.AdditionalevidencecomesfromPara.33,wheresheexpressesapprovalofteachinghandwritingbysomeschools.(Para.17)DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV1.template(Para.13,line2):[N](1)athingthatisusedasamodelforproducingothersimilarexamples样板;模框;标准e.g.Ifyouneedtowritealotofsimilarletters,setupatemplateonyourcomputer.(2)ashapecutoutofahardmaterial,usedasamodelforproducingothers型板;样板;模板e.g.Tracearoundyourtemplateandtransferthedesignontoasheetofcard.
PartIIIWordStudy
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV2.reference(Para.13,line6):[V](formal)torefertosth.;toprovideabook,etc.withreferences查阅;参考;给(书等)附参考资料e.g.Eachchapterisreferenced,citingliteratureupto2020.3.normative
(Para.14,line1):[Adj.]creatingorstatingparticularrulesofbehaviour
规范的;标准的e.g.Normativesexualbehaviourinoursocietyremainsheterosexual.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV4.prescrptive
(Para.14,line1):[Adj.](1)(linguistics)tellingpeoplehowalanguageshouldbeused,ratherthandescribinghowitisused规定的;规范的OPPdescriptive(2)(formal)tellingpeoplewhatshouldbedone指定的;规定的e.g.prescriptivemethodsofteaching灌输式教学法(3)(technical)(ofrightsandinstitutions)madelegaloracceptablebecausetheyhaveexistedforalongtime
约定俗成的;相沿成习的e.g.prescriptivepowers相沿成习的权力DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV5.edict
(Para.14,line1):[N](formal)anofficialorderorstatementgivenbysb.inauthority法令;命令;敕令e.g.Thegovernmentissuedanedictthatnoneofhiswritingsbedestroyed.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV6.concoct(Para.14,line2):[V](1)toinventastory,anexcuse,etc.虚构,杜撰,编造SYNmakeupe.g.Sheconcoctedcertainelaboratestorytoexplainherabsence.(2)tomakesth.,especiallyfoodordrink,bymixingdifferentthings调制,配制e.g.Thesoupwasconcoctedfromuptoadozendifferentkindsoffish.
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV7.aconstellationof
(Para.15,line1):Agroupof一组,一群,一系列e.g.aconstellationofsymptoms/services/methods
8.pedagogy(Para.15,line2):[N](technical)thestudyofteachingmethods教育学;教学法e.g.Newteacherswillbetestedonbothcontentandpedagogy.Teachersshouldhavemoreknowledgeofpedagogyandpsychology.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV9.foster(Para.15,line4):[V](1)toencouragesth.todevelop促进;助长;培养;鼓励SYNencourage,promotee.g.tofosterbetterrelations,tofosterglobaleconomicgrowth(2)(especiallyBrE)totakeanotherperson'schildintoyourhomeforaperiodoftime,withoutbecominghisorherlegalparents代养e.g.Theyfosteredover60childrenintheirwholelife.
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV
10.judgmental(Para.15,line6):[Adj.]toformopinionsveryquickly,whenitwouldbebettertowaituntilknowingmoreabout妄下结论的e.g.Sheistoojudgmentaltobeagoodtherapist.Wetriednottoseemcriticalorjudgmental.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV
11.obsess(Para.16,line1):[V](1)(usuallypassive)tocompletelyfillyourmindsothatyoucannotthinkofanythingelse,inawaythatisnotnormal
使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷e.g.He'sobsessedbycomputers.She'scompletelyobsessedwithhim.(2)~(aboutsth.),tobealwaystalkingorworryingaboutathing,especiallywhenthisannoysotherpeople唠叨;挂牵;念念不忘
e.g.Shestoppeddrinkingbutbeganobsessingaboutherweight.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV12.instill
(Para.16,line3):[V](1)teachandimpressbyfrequentrepetitionsoradmonitions逐渐灌输e.g.Parentsshouldinstillintheirchildrenhealthyvaluessuchasrespect,responsibility,hardwork,andcompassion.(2)enterdropbydrop徐徐滴入e.g.instillmedicationintotheeyeDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV
13.laissez-faire(Para.17,line4):[N](fromFrench)thepolicyofallowingprivatebusinessestodevelopwithoutgovernmentcontrol自由放任政策e.g.Theyhavealaissez-faireapproachtobringinguptheirchildren.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV14.ditch
(Para.17,line7):[V](1)(informal)togetridofsth./sb.becauseyounolongerwantorneedit/them摆脱;抛弃;丢弃e.g.Thenewroadbuildingprogrammehasbeenditched.Heditchedhisgirlfriend.(2)ifapilotditchesanaircraft,orifitditches,itlandsintheseainanemergency在海上紧急降落e.g.ThepilotwasforcedtoditchhisjetintheGulf.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV
15.awideswathof
(Para.18,line2):Agroupof;alargepieceofarea一组;一大片
e.g.Thepolicyhasafftectedawideswathofcompanies.PlastichasacutelyaffectedawideswathofthenorthernPacificOcean.
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV16.nicety(Para.18,line3):[N](1)(usuallypl.)thesmalldetailsorpointsofdifference,especiallyconcerningthecorrectwayofbehavingorofdoingthings细节;细微差别e.g.thenicetiesofdinnerpartyconversation(2)thequalityofbeingverydetailedorcarefulaboutsth.
精确;准确;严密;仔细SYNprecisione.g.thenicetyofargument/calculationDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV17.admonition
(Para.19,line7):[N](alsolessfrequentadmonishment)(formal)awarningtosb.abouttheirbehaviour警告;告诫e.g.Sheignoredtheadmonitionsofhermother.
18.predate(Para.20,line1):[V]beearlierintime(日期上)早于;先于e.g.Histroublespredatedtherecession.
他的麻烦早在经济衰退前就出现了。DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV19.latitude
(Para.20,line8):[N](1)(formal)freedomtochoosewhatyoudoorthewaythatyoudoit选择(做什么事或做事方式)的自由SYNlibertye.g.Hewouldbegiveneverylatitudeinforminganewgovernment.(2)(abbr.lat.)thedistanceofaplacenorthorsouthoftheequator,measuredindegrees纬度
经度longitude
DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartVAtschool,theteachersnolongeremphasizetheimportanceoflinguisticrulesorevenlinguisticconsistency.PartIIISentenceAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV1.Schoolisnolongernecessarilyaplacetoinstillasense
thatlinguisticrules(orevenlinguisticconsistency)matter.
(Para.16)
Paraphrasethesentence.2.However,computerandmobile-phonetechnologiesaddfueltothelinguisticfire.(Para.20)
Paraphrasethesentence.
However,computerandmobile-phonetechnologiescausepeopletocareevenlessaboutlanguagerulesandconsistency.DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV3.Sincethe1960s,aconstellationoffactorshavecombinedtoalteroursenseof“good”languageuse.Revolutionsinschoolpedagogybeganreplacingteacher-directedclassroomswithpeerreviewandactivitiesdesignedtofostercollaboration.Theinfamousredpenwasnowusedmoretoencourageintellectualexplorationthantocorrectsentencemechanics.(Para.15)Translatethesentence.二十世纪六十年代以来,许多因素共同发挥作用,改变了我们对"良好语言使用"的看法。学校里的教学法发生过若干次革命,将教师主导的课堂改变为同辈评议以及各种培养协作的活动。曾经“恶名昭著”的红笔更多地用于鼓励学术探索,而不是用于纠正句子结构。DetailedAnalysisPartIPartIIPart
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