英语句型转换

英语句型转换祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾。祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾，也可以不用语气词。祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。表示命令的祈使句例如：“保持肃静！”；“起立！”表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。例如：“请等我一会。”表示禁止的句式有：“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……”等。例如：「此处不准停车！」表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。例如：「请勿在车厢内饮食。」一、反意疑问句反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需要得到回答.反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分和疑问部分(疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分用逗号隔开.反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如:Youareastudent,aren'tyou?你是个学生,对吗?Youarenotastudent,areyou?你不是学生,对吗?应当注意反意疑问句的答语,与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句.例如:-----Youareastudent,areyou?你是个学生,对吗?-----Yes,Iam.(No,Iamnot)是的,我是.(不是,我不是.)-------Youarenotastudent,areyou?你不是一个学生,对吗?-------No,Iamnot.(Yes,Iam)对,我不是.(不对,我是.)当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是当主句有I(don't)believe(think,suppose,guess...)疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的否定.例如:Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?我想他不会回来,对吧?Ithinkhecanswim,can'the?我想他能游泳,对吧?练习题填词完成反意疑问句1.Hewouldn'twaitinlinethenextday,______?2.ShehasbeenlearningEnglish,_________?3.Wecan'ttakethebooksout,________?4.Hehastogohomeonfoot,________?5.Youhaven'thadyourlunch________?6.Wehavenothingtoeat,________?7.Theydislikethebook,________?8.Thereusedtobeapostofficeinthestreet,________?9.Hesaidthathewouldnotgowithus,________?10.Wemusthandintheexercises,________?11.Youdaretojumpoffthewall,________?12.Hemadeafewmistakesinhisexercises,________?13Shemustbeamusiclover,________?14.Isupposeyouknowheraddress,________?15.Idon'tthinkyou'reserious,________?16.Letusdothejobsbyourselves,________?17.-----Heusednottosmoke,usedn'the?-----_____,heusedto.Thedoctoralwaystolehimnotto.18.Dothehomeworkbyyourselves,________?19Let'senterthehall,________?20.Youmusthaveseenhimyesterday,________?答案1.wouldhe2.hasn'tshe3.canwe4.doesn'the5.haveyou6.havewe7.don'tthey8.usedn'tthere9.didn'the10.mustn'twe11.don'tyou12.didn'the13.isn'tshe14.don'tyou15.areyou16.willyou17.Yes18.willyou19.willyou20.didn't二、祈使句祈使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祈使句有以下五种:1)Let's开头的祈使句如:Let'ssayitinEnglish.2)动词原形开头的祈使句.如:Listentotheteacher.3)ShallI开头的祈使句.如:ShallIcarrytheparcelforyou?4)Willyou开头的祈使句.如:Willyoucomehereearly?5)以Please开头的祈使句如:Pleasetakeamessageforhim.6）带呼语的祈使句，如：Mary,comedownhere!(对mary讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)7）不让对方做某事,英语用"Don't".例如:Don'tspeakloud.不要大声讲话.Don'twriteinthatway.不要那样写.练习题翻译下列各句1.咱们一起玩吧!2.请不要迟到.3.回答这个问题.4.我来打开窗户好吗?5.你和我们一起去好吗?答案1.Let'splaytogether!2.Don'tbelate.3.Answerthisquestion.4.ShallIopenthewindow?5.Willyougowithus?三、强调句强调句式用来加强语气,强调结构为:Itis(was)...(强调部分)that(who)...(保留部分),词结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何成分.如:Theboyplayedfootballonthestreet.Itwastheboywhoplayedonthestreet.(强调主语)Itwasfootballthattheboyplayedonthestreet.(强调宾语)Itwasonthestreetthattheboyplayedfootball.(强调状语)运用强调句型时应注意以下几个问题:1)当被强调的句子是过去时,强调句型中用was,被强调的句子是现在时,强调句型用is2)但强调的部分是人时,强调句型中用who,其他情况用that3)但强调谓语动词时,用"do"动词.例如:Hedidfinishedhishomework.他确实完成了作业.练习题强调划线部分1.Ireadthisbook-reportonlylastSaturday.2.IhappenednottobeinLondonatthattime.3.MasterWutaughtushowtorunthemachine.4.Iseemtohaveheardofthename.5.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.答案1.Itwasthisbook-reportthatIreadonlylastSaturday.2.ItwasatthattimethatIhappenednottobeinLondon.3.ItwasMasterWuwhotaughtushowtorunthemachine.4.ItisthenamethatIseemtohaveheardof.5.ItwasthreeyearsagothatIjoinedthatarmy.四、否定句否定句从否定的位置上分为主语的否定,谓语的否定和宾语的否定.例如:Nobodycandosuchathing.(主语的否定,意思为:没有人能做出这样的事情来.)Ican'trememberhistelephonenumber.(谓语的否定,意思为:我不能记起他的电话号码.)Hetoldmenothing.(宾语的否定,意思为:他什么也没告诉我.)否定句从意义上分为:部分否定和全部否定.例如:Allthegirlsdon'tlikebrightcolours.(部分否定.意思为;不是所有的女孩都喜欢鲜艳的颜色.)=Notallthegirlslikebrightcolours.(意思同上)Noneofthegirlslikebrightcolours.(全部否定,意思为:没有一个女孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色)运用否定句应注意的几个问题:1)否定主语的否定词有:nothing,nobody,noone,none,no,little,few2)否定谓语的否定词有:not,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom3)否定宾语的否定词有:nothing,nobody,none,no,little,few4)当主语是anything,anybody时,谓语动词不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定.如:Anybodycan'tlivewithoutair.(错误)Nobodycanlivewithoutair.(正确)5)部分否定与相应的全部否定部分否定全部否定all...not=notallnoneboth...not=notbothneithereverything...not=noteverythingnothingeveryone...not=noteveryonenoone6)no与not的区别no是形容词,not是副词.no放在名词之前,not与动词连用.Ihavenoorange.(我没有桔汁.)Idonothaveanyorange.(我没有桔汁.)练习题I.变为否定句1.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.2.Theycanswimacrosstheriver.3.Wehavepractisedthepattensmanytimes.4.Itisnecessaryforhimtoimprovehishandwriting.5.Ihavesomebreadtoeat.6.Theyareplayingbasketball.7.Theteacherswillgotoameetingtomorrow.8.Thegirlsworetheskirtsyesterday.9.Ithinkthatheisright.10.Cometothepartyearly.答案1.Hedoesn'treadEnglisheverymorning.2.Theycannotswimacrosstheriver.3.Wehavenotpractisedthepattensmanytimes.4.Itisnotnecessaryforhimtoimprovehishandwriting.5.Ihavenotanybreadtoeat.6.Theyarenotplayingbasketball.7.Theteacherswillnotgotoameetingtomorrow.8.Thegirlsdidn'tweartheskirtsyesterday.9.Idon'tthinkthatheisright.10.Don'tcometothepartyearly.II.把下列各句变成全部否定1.Bothofthebrothersworkasfarmers.2.Allofthemarestudyinghard.3.Eitherofthemcanlifttheheavybox.4.Icanfindthelostnecklacesomewhere.5.Everythingisready.答案1.Neitherofthebrothersworksasfarmers.2.Noneofthemarestudyinghard.3.Neitherofthemcanlifttheheavybox.4.Icanfindthelostnecklacenowhere.5.Nothingisready.III.根据汉语完成句子1.Itistoodangerous_______.(横穿马路）2.Heis_____fool.(绝不傻）3.Wetoldhim_______.(不要去那儿）4.Theoldwomancan________.(几乎不能念书）5.Thereis_______inthebottle.(没什么水）答案1.tocrosstheroad2.no3.nottogothere4.hardlyread5.littlewater综合练习题I.按要求改写或完成下列各句1.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.(强调划线部分）2.Thestudentshavedoneeverythingforthemeeting.(改为否定句）3.Everyoneknowsthesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.(改为全部否定）4.Idon'tthinkhecanclimbupthattalltree,_______?(完成反意疑问句）5.Let's_______time.(不浪费时间)6._____awaymydictionary.(不要拿走)7.Hegavemethenewspaper.(强调划线部分)8.Therearesomecomputeresinthelab.(改为否定句)9.Iknowallofthem.(否定宾语)10.Hewasathomeatsixo'clock.(强调划线部分)答案1.Itwaswhetherwehaveenoughtimethatitdependson.2.Thestudentshavedonenothingforthemeeting.3.Nooneknowsthesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.4.canhe5.notwaste6.Don'ttake7.Hedidgivemethenewspaper.8.Thereareanycomputersinthelab.9.Iknownoneofthem.10.Itwasatsixo'clockthathewasathome.II.翻译下列句子(英译汉)1.Besuretolockthedoorbeforeyouleavetheroom.2.Takecarenottoleaveanythingbehind.3.Howbeautifultheflowerslookinthevase!4.Shecan'tbeinthedormitorynow,canshe?5.Youdidn'tgototheshowthatnight,didyou?No,Ididn't.6.Itisshewhohasmademuchprogress.7.Tomdidsaythathewouldtelephoneusaboutit.8.Alltheworkersarenotbuildingthebridge.9.Theproblemissodifficultthatfewhasworkeditout.10.Notbothofthemshouldbepunished.答案1.离开房间之前一定要锁好门.2.当心不要丢下什么东西.3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!4.她现在不可能在宿舍,对吗?5.你那天没有去展览会,对吗?对,我没去.6.是她取得了很大的进步.7.汤姆确实说这事儿要打电话给我们.8.并不是所有的工人都在建桥.9.这个问题如此难以至于每几个人做出来.10.并不是它们两个都该受到惩罚.III.翻译下列句子(汉译英)1.杯子里没什么水，是吧？2.他很少按时到家，对吧？3.一定要写信给我，好吗？4.你没有完成作业，对吗？不，我完成了作业。5.我认为他不认真，对吗？6.就是在街上我找到了汤姆。7.他们两个人都不喜欢看电影。8.医生让我不要抽烟。9.我们去教室好吗？10.你递给我一杯水好吗？答案1.Thereislittlewaterinthecup,isthere?2.Heseldomcomesbackontime,doeshe?3.Besuretowritetome,willyou?4.Youhaven'tfinishedyouhomework,haveyou?Yes,Ihave.5.Idon'tsupposeheisserious,ishe?6.ItwasinthestreetthatIfoundTom.7.Neitherofthemlikesseeingfilms.8.Thedoctoraskedmenottosmoke.9.Shallwegototheclassroom?10.Willyoupassmeacupofwater?祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。1含有第二人称主语的祈使句Becareful！小心！Don''tmakesuchanoise.不要这么吵。1.肯定的祈使句a.句型：动词原形～.（省略主语）Standup.起立。Bequiet，please.请安静。b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加doDositdown.务必请坐。Dostudyhard.一定要努力学习。比较祈使句和陈述句陈述句：Yousitdown.你坐下来。祈使句：Sitdown.坐下（省略主语you）c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Gothisway，please.请这边走。d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。LiMing，comehere.李明，过来。Comehere，LiMing.过来，李明。2.否定的祈使句句型：Don''t+动词原形～Don''tswimintheriver.别在河里游泳。Don''tbelate.别迟到。Pleasedon''tbenoisy.请不要大声喧哗。注意表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。Nosmoking.禁止吸烟。Noparking.禁止停车。句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写1．祈使句=Youmust…（陈述句）Comehere.过来。=Youmustcomehere.你必须过来。Don''tdothatagain.你一定不可以再那样做了。2．Please+祈使句=Willyou(please)～?（陈述句）Pleasehelpme.请帮帮我。=Willyou(please)helpme?你愿意帮我的忙吗？Comehereonti