高三英语培优外刊阅读学案科技话题2

高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________外刊精选｜美对华“限芯令”再升级，影响几何？10月17日，美国商务部工业和安全局发布了针对芯片的出口禁令新规，此举意在堵住一年前发布的出口管制中存在的所谓“漏洞”，阻止英伟达等公司向中国出口先进的AI芯片。新规意味着美国对于中国的芯片制裁进一步升级。美国为何一再收紧对华芯片出口限制？这将对中美科技企业分别产生怎样的影响？U.S.TightensCurbsonAIChipExportstoChina,WideningRiftWithNvidiaandIntelByYukaHayashiandAsaFitchTheBidenadministrationistighteningrestrictionsonChina'sabilitytobuyadvancedsemiconductors,fuelingfrictionwithU.S.businessesthatselltothevastChinesemarket.ThemerceDepartmentsaidTuesdaythatitwouldsignificantlyconstrictexportsofartificialintelligencechips,makingittougherforU.S.paniesNvidiaandInteltosellexistingproductsinChina—ortointroducenewchipstocircumventtherules.Thegoal,merceSecretaryGinaRaimondosaid,istolimitChina's"accesstoadvancedsemiconductorsthatcouldfuelbreakthroughsinartificialintelligenceandsophisticatedputers."ThechipsarecriticaltoChinesemilitaryapplications,shesaid,anodtoconcernsthattheU.S.couldfallbehindChinainkeydefensetechnologies.TheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation,aU.S.chipindustrygroup,blastedtherulesinawrittenstatement."Overlybroad,unilateralcontrolsriskharmingtheU.S.semiconductorecosystemwithoutadvancingnationalsecurityastheyencourageoverseascustomerstolookelsewhere,"thegroupsaid.Thelatestupdatesdon'taddressthetransferoftechnologytoChinesetechpaniessuchasHuaweiTechnologiesandSemiconductorManufacturingInternational,orSMIC.ChinesepaniescanstillbuysomechipmakingequipmentfromAsianandEuropeanmanufacturers,becausenotallU.S.allieshaveimposedexportcontrolsasstrictastheU.S.'s.Lastmonth,Huaweiunveiledanewphonewith5GlikecapabilitiesthatcontainsadvancedchipsmadebySMIC,accordingtoTechInsights,aCanadiansemiconductorinformationplatform.Raimondocalledthereport"incrediblydisturbing."【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.tighten英[ˈtaɪtn]美[ˈtaɪtn]v.______________________________2.curb英[kɜːb]美[kɜrːb]（本文）n._________________v.________________3.rift英[rɪft]美[rɪft]n.______________________________4.fuel英[ˈfjuːəl]美[ˈfjuːəl]v.______________________________5.friction英[ˈfrɪkʃn]美[ˈfrɪkʃn]n.______________________________6.vast英[vɑːst]美[væst]adj.______________________________7.constrict英[kənˈstrɪkt]美[kənˈstrɪkt]v.______________________________8.circumvent英[ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]美[ˌsɜrːkəmˈvent]v.______________________________9.secretary英[ˈsekrətri]美[ˈsekrəteri]n.______________________________10.nod英[nɒd]美[nɑːd]v.________________n._________________11.defense英[dɪˈfens]美[dɪˈfens]n.______________________________12.blast英[blɑːst]美[blæst]v.______________________________13.overly英[ˈəʊvli]美[ˈoʊvərli]adv.______________________________14.unilateral英[ˌjuːnɪˈlætrl]美[ˌjuːnəˈlætərl]adj.______________________________15.ecosystem英[ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm]美[ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəm]n.______________________________16.address英[əˈdres]美[əˈdres]v.______________________________17.impose英[ɪmˈpəʊz]美[ɪmˈpoʊz]v.______________________________18.disturbing英[dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ]美[dɪˈstɜrːbɪŋ]adj.______________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.______________________________缩减开支，节俭生活2.______________________________加强对某物的限制3.______________________________对......的限制4.______________________________对枪支暴力的约束5.______________________________对互联网平台的限制6.______________________________兄弟阋墙7.______________________________拉大裂痕8.______________________________婆媳矛盾9.______________________________知识渊博10.______________________________宁静广阔的海洋11.______________________________规避法律12.______________________________外交部长，国务卿13.______________________________财务部长14.______________________________通向……的通道；（本文）获得、接触某物的机会15______________________________建筑入口16.______________________________接触机密文件的权限17.______________________________点头赞同18______________________________承认......19.______________________________国防部长20.______________________________在媒体上抨击他们的对手21.______________________________过度乐观22.______________________________金融生态23.______________________________本地新闻生态24.______________________________解决重要问题25.______________________________技术转让26.______________________________芯片制造设备27.______________________________实施越来越重的罚款28.______________________________对香烟征收高额税收29.______________________________电影里的令人不适的暴力场景30.______________________________让人不安的失业率数字拓展练习阅读理解Aneconomist,AdamSmith,famouslywrotethat“itisnotfromthebenevolence(慈善)ofthebutcher,thebrewerorthebaker,thatweexpectourdinner,butfromtheirregardtotheirownselfinterest.”LikeSmith,manyeconomiststodaybelieveone’sselfinterestiswhatdrivespetitionandgrowthinmarketeconomies.Yet,inanincreasinglyinterconnectedsociety,itisevenmorecrucialtohavecooperativeskills.Thusweshouldencouragecooperationtobetterpreparechildrenforthefuture.Firstly,cooperationisanespeciallyprizedsoftskillinthepresentage.Asastudyproves,softskillssuchasgoodmunicationandempathy(共情)indicateoutstandingemployeesasparedtotechnicalskillsorknowledge.Incontrast,extremelypetitiveandindividualisticbehaviormaydamagesocialrelationsinthemunityofcoworkers.Eventhemostpetentemployeemayfailtopursuehisgoalseffectivelywithoutothers’help.Moreover,encouragingcooperationboostchildren’sselfrespectthatbetterpreparesthemforthepetitiveworld.Manymodernsocietiesareconsumedbyacrazydriveforsuccessandthepressuretoperformhasinfiltratedbothclassroomsandoffices,causinghigherratesofanxietyanddepressionamongpeople.Teamworkcanhelpanindividualrealizeeachhashisorherownuniqueabilitiesandthatanotherperson’sstrengthsdon’tdiscounthisorhertalents.Thus,cooperationcanconfirmchildren’sselfworthbycorrectingtheinsightthatwinningorpaperachievementistheonlymeasureofsuccess.However,criticsmayclaimadaptingtopetitionshouldbegivenpriorityineducationandparenting.Toachieveone’sambitions,onehastoactivelyfightforopportunitiesanddistinguishoneselffromothers.Nevertheless,sincepassioncanalreadystimulatechildrentofulfilltheirambitions,theneedtoencouragepetitionmaybeattheendoftheday.Asmuchasexternalpetitioncandrivepeopletopursueexcellence,internalmotivationisatleastequallyorevenmoreessential,andcooperationplaysaninstrumentalroleinhelpingoneuncoverone’smotivations.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromAdamSmith’swords?A.Oursocietyisincreasinglyinterconnected.B.Ourdinnerismadeoutoftheregardstomarkets.C.Selfinterestpushesthedevelopmentofeconomies.D.Thebutcher,thebrewerorthebakerisnotsympathetic.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infiltrated”meaninparagraph3probablymean?A.Brightened. B.Decorated. C.Defended. D.Entered.6.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Paperachievementistheonlymeasureofsuccess.B.One’sambitionscanbeachievedthroughcooperation.C.petitionisnotnecessaryforpeopletopursueexcellence.D.Activelyfightingfordistinguishingoneselfshouldbeprioritized.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducetheadvantagesofcooperation.B.Toparecooperationwithpetition.C.Tosuggestenhancingpetitiveskills.D.Toadvocateteachingchildrentocooperate.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.tighten英[ˈtaɪtn]美[ˈtaɪtn]v.收紧2.curb英[kɜːb]美[kɜrːb]（本文）n.限制v.限制3.rift英[rɪft]美[rɪft]n.裂缝，不和4.fuel英[ˈfjuːəl]美[ˈfjuːəl]v.加燃料；（本文）刺激，助长，加强5.friction英[ˈfrɪkʃn]美[ˈfrɪkʃn]n.摩擦，不和6.vast英[vɑːst]美[væst]adj.大的（尤指程度和范围）7.constrict英[kənˈstrɪkt]美[kənˈstrɪkt]v.限制，约束8.circumvent英[ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]美[ˌsɜrːkəmˈvent]v.规避，躲避9.secretary英[ˈsekrətri]美[ˈsekrəteri]n.部长10.nod英[nɒd]美[nɑːd]v.点头；（本文）n.承认（recognition）11.defense英[dɪˈfens]美[dɪˈfens]n.防御12.blast英[blɑːst]美[blæst]v.爆炸；（本文）猛烈攻击、批评13.overly英[ˈəʊvli]美[ˈoʊvərli]adv.过度，极度地14.unilateral英[ˌjuːnɪˈlætrl]美[ˌjuːnəˈlætərl]adj.单边的15.ecosystem英[ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm]美[ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəm]n.（自然、行业、组织的）生态系统16.address英[əˈdres]美[əˈdres]v.应对，处理（dealwith）17.impose英[ɪmˈpəʊz]美[ɪmˈpoʊz]v.推行，强制实行18.disturbing英[dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ]美[dɪˈstɜrːbɪŋ]adj.令人不安的，让人烦忧的【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.tightenone'sbelt缩减开支，节俭生活2.tightencurbsonsomething加强对某物的限制3.curbsonsomething对......的限制4.curbsongunviolence对枪支暴力的约束5.curbsoninternetplatforms对互联网平台的限制6.ariftbetweenthebrothers兄弟阋墙7.widentherift拉大裂痕8.frictionbetweenmywifeandmymother婆媳矛盾9.vastknowledge知识渊博10.sereneandvastocean宁静广阔的海洋11.circumventthelaw规避法律12.SecretaryofState外交部长，国务卿13.SecretaryofTreasury财务部长14.accessto通向……的通道；（本文）获得、接触某物的机会15.accesstothebuilding建筑入口16.accesstotheconfidentialfiles接触机密文件的权限17.nodinagreement点头赞同18.anodto承认......19.SecretaryofDefense国防部长20.blastedtheiropponentsinthemedia在媒体上抨击他们的对手