备战2023年高考英语一轮复习（新高考专用）考点 31-阅读理解应用文（重难题型）（解析版）

考点31 阅读理解应用文（重难题型）应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。现简要介绍应用文的特点、类型和解题技巧。一、应用文阅读试题的文体特点应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当.一般说来，应用文英语阅读试题具有以下特点：1.选材特点信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅表达最大量的信息。2.内容特点生活化，实用化，多样化，如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启示、招生招聘等。3.形式特点标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章的结构更鲜明。4.语言特点人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。5.命题特点主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对较容易。二、应用文的主要类型应用文的类型主要有：同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。三、应用文解题技巧点拨高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1.先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2.题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。3.生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4.信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。全国高考英语考试说明明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点，并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考生提高阅读理解的解题能力。应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点：1.就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。2.就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。3.就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。4.就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。5.在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。6.就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)推理判断题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题，即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。广告类阅读题的五大特点1.材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。2.内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。3.形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。4.用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。5.命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。命题趋势1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4.句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。Passage1（2022·河南洛阳·模拟预测）AmazingWestCoastBeachHousesRentRockawayBeachHouseRockawayBeach,OregonThiscomfortablyfurnishedtwo-bedroom,two-bathhouseisbothkid-anddog-friendlywithapathleadingrightdowntoNedonnaBeach.It’sconvenientlylocatednearManhattanBeachStateParkaswellastownssuchasManzanita,Wheeler,andNehalemthatoffercafesandtouristshops.Amenities(便利设施)includeawasheranddryer,ping-pongtable,homeoffice,wood-burningfireplaceandsmartTV.OceanfrontTownhomeMonterey,CaliforniaThisrentalclaimstobeoneoftheclosesthomestothewaterinallofMonterey.It’slimitedonspace—theownernotesitcanaccommodateuptothreeadultsortwoadultsandtwosmallchildren—thelocationisonlyfiveminutesfromdowntownMontereyandFisherman’sWharf,10minutesfromtheMontereyBayAquariumandPacificGrove,and15minutesfromCarmel-by-the-Sea.WestportOceanOasisWestport,WashingtonWashingtonstatemightnotbethefirstplacepeoplethinkofwhenconsideringaWestCoastbeachtrip,butvacationrentalslikethisonemightmakethemthinktwice.Aone-bedroom,one-bath,dog-friendlyapartment,itofferssweepingviewsoftheshoresfromitshugewindows,aswellasamenitieslikeabalcony,basketballcourtandputtinggreen,andTV.StudioBeachHouseRanchoPalosVerdes,CaliforniaLocatedjustwestofLongBeach,thisbeachrentaloffersamazingviewsandeasybeachaccessaswellasamenitiesliketennisandbasketballcourts,aplaygroundandanoutdoorbarwith50-inchTV,surroundsound,amini-fridgeandhottub.It’salsoclosetomanydestinationslikegolfcourses,parks,andthePortugueseBendReserve,anatureareawithhikingtrailsthatoverlooktheocean.1．WhichbeachhousewillyouchooseifyouaregoingtoliveinOregon?A．RockawayBeachHouse. B．OceanfrontTownhome.C．WestportOceanOasis. D．StudioBeachHouse.2．WhichistheclosestplacetoOceanfrontTownhome?A．PacificGrove. B．Carmel-by-the-Sea.C．Fisherman’sWharf. D．TheMontereyBayAquarium.3．Whatdothelasttworentalshaveincommon?A．Theyaredog-friendly. B．Theyhavehugewindows.C．Theyareclosetohikingtrails. D．Theybothofferabasketballcourt.【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几家要出租的西海岸海滩房屋的相关信息。1．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由RockawayBeachHouse中的“RockawayBeach,Oregon(俄勒冈州Rockaway海滩)”可知，如果你要住在俄勒冈州（Oregon），你可以选择RockawayBeachHouse。故选A项。2．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由OceanfrontTownhome中的“It’slimitedonspace—theownernotesitcanaccommodateuptothreeadultsortwoadultsandtwosmallchildren—thelocationisonlyfiveminutesfromdowntownMontereyandFisherman’sWharf,10minutesfromtheMontereyBayAquariumandPacificGrove,and15minutesfromCarmel-by-the-Sea.(它的空间有限，业主指出，它最多可以容纳三个成年人或两个成年人和两个小孩，该位置距离蒙特利市中心和Fisherman’sWharf只有5分钟的路程，距离蒙特利湾水族馆和PacificGrove只有10分钟的路程，距离海边的卡梅尔只有15分钟的路程)”可知，Fisherman’sWharf离OceanfrontTownhome最近。故选C项。3．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由WestportOceanOasis中的“Aone-bedroom,one-bath,dog-friendlyapartment,itofferssweepingviewsoftheshoresfromitshugewindows,aswellasamenitieslikeabalcony,basketballcourtandputtinggreen,andTV.(一个卧室、一个浴室、爱狗的公寓，从它巨大的窗户可以俯瞰海岸，还有阳台、篮球场、小型高尔夫球场和电视等设施)”和StudioBeachHouse中的“LocatedjustwestofLongBeach,thisbeachrentaloffersamazingviewsandeasybeachaccessaswellasamenitiesliketennisandbasketballcourts,aplaygroundandanoutdoorbarwith50-inchTV,surroundsound,amini-fridgeandhottub.(这所海滩出租房屋位于长滩以西，视野开阔，海滩交通便利，设施齐全，如网球场和篮球场、操场和户外酒吧，配有50英寸电视、环绕音响、迷你冰箱和热水浴缸)”可知，最后两家出租的房屋的共同点：它们都提供一个篮球场。故选D项。Passage2（2022·吉林吉林·模拟预测）Thereareatleast80,000registeredcharitiesinCanada,rangingfromchurchestonursinghomestocommunitycentres.ThelatestreportfromtheCanadianPhilanthropySurvey(CIC)listedthetop10charitiesinthecountry,andthefollowingareamongthem.FreshStartRecoveryCentrefreshstartrecovery.caAimedatpeopleinAlbertastrugglingagainstaddictionandhomelessness,FreshStartRecoveryCentreprovidesafour-monthlive-inprogramthatincludesfitnesstrainingandnutritionalsupport.Thegroupalsoprovidesshort-termhousingandemploymentinformationforthosewhoarerecoveringfromalcoholism.Otherprogramsincludeafoodtruckthat’sfullystaffedbypeopleinrecovery;in2020,itcenteredonbringingnecessarysuppliestothoseinneed.CUPSCUPSisthecombinationofaCalgarycommunitycenter,health-caresystemandsocial-serviceagency.Manyprogramsarespeciallyaimedatfamilies,includingseveralparentingworkshops.In2020alone,CUPSsaw2,336peopleuseitsservicesforthefirsttime.DuringtheCOVID-19,itcreated“assistedself-isolation(隔离)sites”atahotelforpeoplewithnofixedaddresswhohadbeenexposedtoCOVID-19.EducationalProgramInnovationsCharity(EPIC)Youthlivinginpovertyorinat-risksituations,aswellasmembersofBlackcommunities,getsupportfromthisSydney,N.S.organization,includingone-on-onementoring(辅导),andscholarshipsforhigh-schoolgraduatesforhighereducation.TheprogramalsohelpskidsfrompoorfamilieswhostruggletogetaccesstotechdevicesandInternetservices.Elimin8HThisVancouvergroupaimstofightanti-Asianracismusingcreativemethodsthatrangefrominteractivesocial-mediaactivitiestodesignsforeducationalcampaigns.Theorganizationalsoservesasakeyplatform:membersofAsiancommunitieswhoexperienceracialviolencecanreportwhathappened,contributingtoadatabasethat’ssadlyever-expanding.Ifyou’reinterestedinlearningmoreaboutwhichcharitiesaremostinneed,checkoutcanadahelps.organdcharityintelligence.ca.4．WhatdoFreshStartRecoveryCentreandCUPSprovideincommon?A．Foodsupplies. B．Trainingforparents.C．Jobopportunities. D．Temporaryaccommodation.5．HowdoesEPICofferhelptoyouthorkids?A．Acceptingthemasmembersoftheorganization.B．Keepingthemfarfromrisksanddangers.C．Offeringthemscholarshipstouniversity.D．TeachingthemhowtosurftheInternet.6．AccordingtoElimin8Hate,whatcananAsiansufferingracialviolencedo?A．Organizecertainsocial-mediaactivities.B．Answerracialviolencewithviolence.C．Reporthisexperiencetotheorganization.D．StayinAsiancommunitiesallthetime.【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了加拿大排名前十的四个慈善机构。4．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据FreshStartRecoveryCentre部分“Thegroupalsoprovidesshort-termhousingandemploymentinformationforthosewhoarerecoveringfromalcoholism.(该组织还为戒酒者提供短期住房和就业信息)”以及CUPS部分“DuringtheCOVID-19,itcreated“assistedself-isolation(隔离)sites”atahotelforpeoplewithnofixedaddresswhohadbeenexposedtoCOVID-19.(在新冠肺炎疫情期间，它在一家酒店为没有固定地址、有感染新冠肺炎风险的人创建了“援助性自我隔离场所”)”可知，这两个机构都提供临时住处。故选D项。5．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据EducationalProgramInnovationsCharity部分“Youthlivinginpovertyorinat-risksituations,aswellasmembersofBlackcommunities,getsupportfromthisSydney,N.S.organization,includingone-on-onementoring(辅导),andscholarshipsforhigh-schoolgraduatesforhighereducation.(生活在贫困或危险环境中的年轻人，以及黑人社区的成员，都可得到这家位于新南威尔士州悉尼的组织的支持，包括一对一的辅导和为高中毕业生提供受更高教育的奖学金)”可知，EPIC为高中毕业生提供受更高教育的奖学金，即为他们提供大学教育奖学金。故选C项。6．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Elimin8Hate部分“Theorganizationalsoservesasakeyplatform:membersofAsiancommunitieswhoexperienceracialviolencecanreportwhathappened,contributingtoadatabasethat’ssadlyever-expanding.(该组织也是一个关键平台：经历过种族暴力的亚洲社区成员可以报告所发生的事情，为一个令人遗憾的不断扩大的数据库做出贡献)”可知，遭受种族暴力的亚洲人可以向组织报告他的经历。故选C项。Passage3（2022·山东·济南市历城第二中学模拟预测）TheCoolestTinyHomeGetawaysThetinyhometrendisthenewestwaytoenjoysomehomeatmosphereduringatrip.Ifyouarelookingforthecoolesttinyhomegetaways,startbylookingatthesefew:RelaxingPrivateRoundhouse(SouthHills,Eugene,Oregon)Thistinyhomeismadeofcedarandglass,providingthecoziestofcabinfeels.It’sgotalltheessentialsyou’dneed,likeaqueen-sizedbed,arockingchairtoletyouenjoyoneofyourfavouritebooksandWiFi,incaseyouplanonconnectingwiththerestoftheworldonyourstayawayfromhome.Thistinyhouseholdsupto3guestsandwillcostyoualittleover$150anight.UniqueModernTinyHouse(CandlerPark,Atlanta,Georgia)EnjoythebestofbothworldsinthisAtlantatwo-bedroom,one-bathstylishmini-home.You’llbelockedintoafullyprivatepadthatisalsosituatedclosetothecity’shotspotrestaurantsandPonceCityMarket.For$120anight,youand3otherscansurelyenjoythemodernluxuryinahomehalfthesizeofwhatyouareusedto.SeattleTinyHouse(DesMoines,Seattle,Washington)NeartheSea-Tacairportandmajorfreeways,the“SeattleTinyHouse”isamodernfarmhousewithafull-sizedkitchenandbathroom.Atroughly$100aday,withtheoptionofhavingalatecheck-inandlatecheck-outatyourconvenience,youcanplanyourperfectgetawayfor5.Ifyoueverdreamedoflivingonafarm,thisisagreatwaytogettheexperiencewithoutbreakingthebankorcommittingtomovingaltogether.TinyHouseintheClouds(BalboaPark,SanDiego,California)ClosetoBalboaPark,withsparklingcleanupstairsunit,itisverywelldesignedandcomfortablewiththoughtfulhomeydetails.TheplacewaswellkeptandhasanincredibleviewofdowntownandtheCoronadobridge.For$92anightandholdingupto2guests,itisperfectforcouples.7．WhatcanyoudointheRelaxingPrivateRoundhouse?A．Receivequeen-likeservices. B．Haveaperfectviewofthedowntown.C．Enjoydinnerinthepopularrestaurants. D．Readbooksinacomfortablechair.8．Wherecanacoupleandtheirtwinshavefarmexperience?A．RelaxingPrivateRoundhouse. B．UniqueModernTinyHouse.C．SeattleTinyHouse. D．TinyHouseintheClouds.9．Whatdothefourtinyhomeshaveincommon?A．Havingbasiclivingessentials. B．Beingclosetothepark.C．Havingmodernluxury. D．Havingflexiblescheduleforcheckinginandout.【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了以迷你小屋为特色的民宿旅游地。7．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’sgotalltheessentialsyou’dneed,likeaqueen-sizedbed,arockingchairtoletyouenjoyoneofyourfavouritebooksandWiFi,incaseyouplanonconnectingwiththerestoftheworldonyourstayawayfromhome.(它有你需要的所有必需品，像一张大号床，一把摇椅，让你享受你最喜欢的书和WiFi，以防你打算在离家的时候连接到世界的其他地方)”可知，在RelaxingPrivateRoundhouse，你可以在舒适的椅子上看书。故选D项。8．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Atroughly$100aday,withtheoptionofhavingalatecheck-inandlatecheck-outatyourconvenience,youcanplanyourperfectgetawayfor5.Ifyoueverdreamedoflivingonafarm,thisisagreatwaytogettheexperiencewithoutbreakingthebankorcommittingtomovingaltogether.(每天大约100美元，在方便的时候可以选择晚入住和晚退房，你可以为5个人计划一次完美的旅行。如果你曾经梦想在农场里生活，这里将会给你很好的体验，不必花费一大笔钱，也不必花心思让一家人搬来搬去)”可知，一对夫妇和他们的双胞胎在SeattleTinyHouse可以获得农场经验。故选C项。9．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thistinyhomeismadeofcedarandglass,providingthecoziestofcabinfeels.(这个小房子由雪松和玻璃制成，提供了最舒适的小屋感觉)”、第三段中“EnjoythebestofbothworldsinthisAtlantatwo-bedroom,one-bathstylishmini-home.(在这个亚特兰大的两间卧室，一个浴室的时尚迷你家享受最好的两个世界)”、第四段中“NeartheSea-Tacairportandmajorfreeways,the“SeattleTinyHouse”isamodernfarmhousewithafull-sizedkitchenandbathroom.(“西雅图小房子”位于Sea-Tac机场和主要高速公路附近，是一座现代化的农舍，带有全尺寸的厨房和浴室)”以及第五段中“ClosetoBalboaPark,withsparklingcleanupstairsunit,itisverywelldesignedandcomfortablewiththoughtfulhomeydetails.(靠近巴尔博亚公园，有闪闪发光的干净的楼上单元，设计非常好，舒适，周到的家庭细节)”可知，这四处迷你小屋民宿旅游地的共同点就是它们都有最基本的生活必需条件。故选A项。Passage4（2022·北京东城·模拟预测）Sidehustlesforcollegestudentsdeliverspendingmoneywhilestillofferingtheflexibilitythatafullclassschedulerequires.TakeclassnotesOnesidehustleforcollegestudentsinvolvestakingnotesinclassandsellingthem.Threesites—StudySoup,NexusNotesandStuvia—offerattractivepayforuploadingandsellingclassnotestootherstudentsatyouruniversity.Eachhasitsownpayformula.Butyouusuallygetabonuswhensomeonesignsuptogetaccesstoyournotes,plusapaymentforeachsetofnotesthatsell.Studentssaytheycanearn$250to$500perclass,persemester.Becausethisjobrequirestakinggreatclassnotes,you’relikelytodobetterinschool.BecomeatutorManyyoungerstudentshavefallenbehindacademicallyastheystruggledwithdistancelearning.Thatopensanopportunityforthosewhohavemasteredasubject,fromhighschoolalgebratoSpanish,toteachthatsubjecttoothers.Anumberoftutoringplatformsallowyoutosignupandtutoronlineorinperson.Someofthebest:Wyzant,VarsityTutors,and,forthosewhowanttoteachmusic,LessonFace.BeasurveytakerThebestoptioninthiscategoryisasitecalledProlific,whichhelpsresearchersfindpre-screenedsurveyparticipants.Whatmakesthissitebetterthanmostisthatitasksyoutoanswerqualifyingquestions—age,income,familystatus,etc.—inadvance.Then,thesitesendsyouonlythesurveysthatyou’requalifiedtotake.You’regivenanestimateofthetimeitwillrequiretotakeeachsurveyandhowmuchitpays.Youdecidewhetherit’sworthyourtime.ChargescootersBigcampusesareoftenlitteredwithelectricscootersandbikesthatcanbeunlockedandriddenaroundcampus.Riderscandropthescootersjustaboutanywhere.Soscootercompanies,suchasBirdandLime,enlist“chargers”and“juicers”topickthemup,chargethemovernightandreturnthemtoadesignatedareaearlythenextmorning.Ifyouhavealateclass,therearetwobenefitstosigninguptocharge.First,youearnbetween$5and$20foreachscooteryoureturnfullycharged.Youalsogettoridethescootershomeforfree,whichisn’tabadwaytogetbacktoyourdorm.10．Whichsiteallowsonetogetpaidbyuploadingtheirclassnotes?A．Prolific. B．LessonFace. C．Wyzant. D．StudySoup.11．WhatmaymakeChargescootersattractive?A．Itpaysridersforchargingscooters.B．Itprovidesmorebenefitsforstudents.C．Itoffersameansoffreetransportation.D．Ithelpssolvelitterproblemoncampus.12．Thepassagemainlyintroduces________.A．methodstodobetterinschoolB．joboptionsforcollegestudentsC．after-classactivitiesforstudentsD．waystomeetafullclassschedule【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四份适合大学生的兼职。10．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Takeclassnotes部分“Threesites—StudySoup,NexusNotesandStuvia—offerattractivepayforuploadingandsellingclassnotestootherstudentsatyouruniversity.(studsoup、NexusNotes和Stuvia这三个网站为上传和出售课堂笔记给你所在大学的其他学生提供了诱人的报酬)”可知，四个选中只有StudySoup允许通过上传课堂笔记来获得报酬。故选D项。11．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Chargescooters部分“Ifyouhavealateclass,therearetwobenefitstosigninguptocharge.First,youearnbetween$5and$20foreachscooteryoureturnfullycharged.Youalsogettoridethescootershomeforfree,whichisn’tabadwaytogetbacktoyourdorm.(如果你有晚课，报名充电有两个好处。首先，每还一辆充满电的小型摩托车，你就能赚5到20美元。你还可以免费骑摩托车回家，这是回宿舍的好方法)”可知，Chargescooters吸引人的地方是它会给为小型摩托车充电的骑车人付钱。故选A项。12．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通过全文，并结合第一段“Sidehustlesforcollegestudentsdeliverspendingmoneywhilestillofferingtheflexibilitythatafullclassschedulerequires.(适合大学生的兼职，既能得到零用钱，又能保证完整课程表所要求的灵活性)”可知，本文主要介绍了四份适合大学生的兼职。故选B项。Passage5（2022·重庆一中模拟预测）Monthlysubscription（订阅）educationalboxesforstudentscanbeagreatwaytodevelopaninterestinaparticularsubject.Ifyouwanttolearnsomethingathomewhilehavingfun,youcanhaveeducationalboxesdeliveredmonthlystraighttoyourhouse.SpanglerBoxesTheSpanglerboxesfeaturearangeofhands-onscientificexperimentsdesignedbySteveSpangler,aformerTYhostofapopularscienceeducationprogramonNewsforKids.ProjectsfocusonSTEM—science,technology,engineering,andmath.Examplesofprojectsincludeexploringlava（岩浆）science,thesoundwaves,andphysicallaws.FindersSeekersBoxesAfterreceivingaFindersSeekersbox,you’llexplorecharactersofanewcityandcultureeverymonthwhilesolvingpuzzles.ThinkofFindersSeekersasanescaperoomchallengethattakesplaceinyourlivingroom.Cluesandonlineresearchtoolsareavailabletohelpincaseyougetstucksolvingthemystery.Eachpuzzletakesapproximatelytwotofourhourstocomplete.CreationBoxesCreationteachesstudentselectronics,digitaltipsandhigh-levelproblem-solving.Eachboxteachesalessonandisprogressivelymorechallenging.Asamplingoftheprojectsincludesamoodlamp,anelectronicmemorygame,andadistancedetectorusinganultrasonicsensor（超声传感器）.KiwiDoodleBoxesKiwiDoodleBoxesareamongthemostpopularboxesonthemarket.Theyfeatureavarietyofthemescustomizedtostudentsagedfrom8to18.Doodlefocusesonartanddesignwithprojectssuchasafeltsucculent（肉质植物）garden,afaux（人造的）leathersampleset,andhandmadesoap.Doodleprojectsintroducestudentstonewcraftingmaterialsandtechniquesandalcraftsuppliesareincludedinthebox.13．WhichofthefollowingisincludedinFindersSeekersBoxes?A．Featuresofcities. B．Onlineinstructions.C．Historicalmysteries. D．Escaperoomchallenges.14．Whichboxwillbesuitableforstudentsofdifferentages?A．CreationBoxes. B．SpanglerScienceBoxes.C．KiwiDoodleBoxes. D．FindersSeekersBoxes.15．Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A．Aresearchreport. B．Ascientificjournal.C．Amagazineforkids. D．Anengineeringtextbook.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四种“教育盒子”。13．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据FindersSeekersBoxes下的内容“AfterreceivingaFindersSeekersbox,you’llexplorecharactersofanewcityandcultureeverymonthwhilesolvingpuzzles.”（收到Finders-Seeders搜索框后，您将每月在解决谜题的同时探索新城市和新文化的人物。）可知，通过FindersSeekersBoxes可以了解城市。故选A项。14．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据KiwiDoodleBoxes下的内容“Theyfeatureavarietyofthemescustomizedtostudentsagedfrom8to18.”（它们的特点是为8至18岁的学生定制了各种主题。）可知，KiwiDoodleBoxes适合不同年龄的学生。故选C项。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Monthlysubscription（订阅）educationalboxesforstudentscanbeagreatwaytodevelopaninterestinaparticularsubject.”（每月为学生订阅教育盒子是培养学生对某一特定学科兴趣的好方法。）可知，文章最可能来源于儿童杂志。故选C项。Passage6（2022·山东·德州市教育科学研究院三模）BestBookstoMakeYour2022Happier,BrighterandMoreCreativeTodiscovernatureToday’surbanlivingmakesiteasyforustofeeldivorcedfromnature.Likesomanyothers,wearefeelingthecallofthewild.UrbanWildbyHelenRookisoutinFebruaryandfullofpositivesuggestionstohelpyoudiscoverwildnessonyourdoorstep.Themonth-by-monthformatissuchagreattoolfordiscoveryandwilltellyouexactlywhattolookoutforeachseason.MelindaSalisbury’sTheWayBackisachangeonthetraditionalmonthlyalmanac(历书)andatrulymodernguidebacktonaturalrhythms,whichisdesignedforthosewhofeelmostremovedfromtheoldwaysandcycles.TogoinforsportsFindinganexercisethatyouenjoy—onethatyouwanttosticktobecauseit’ssomuchfun—isasurefirewaytohaveyouboundingintotheyear.Takeastrollwith52WaysToWalk.AnnabelStreetsdigsintothescienceandromanticismofwalkingandexploresthegoodthingsthatcanhappenwiththisonesmallact.AndtheclassicRunningLikeAGirlisstillahugelyinspiringbookthatwillmakeyouwanttopullyoursportsshoesonbeforeyou’vefinishedchaptertwo.TofindyourcreativityFromitstiniestdetailstoitsmostdramaticevents,yourstoryisasacredgift.Buthowdoyoufindandtellthatstory?NikeshShukla’snewbookYourStoryMattersisoutonMarch17andit’sfullofwritinginspirationtohelpyouwithyourownstories.JuliaCameron’sclassicTheArtist’sWayturns30thisyear.HerprogramforcreativerecoverybeginswiththeMorningPages,adailywritingritualofthreepagesofstream-of-conscious,andtheArtistDate,adedicatedblockoftimetonurtureyourinnerartist.16．WhatisspecialaboutUrbanWild?A．Itcomesouteverymonth. B．Itshowstraditionallifestyles.C．Itmarksthestartofeachseason. D．Itpromotesnatureinthecity.17．Whichbookwillfireyourloveforexercise?A．TheWayBack. B．TheArtist’sWay.C．RunningLikeAGirl. D．YourStoryMatters.18．WhatistheMorningPagesbyJuliaCameron?A．Acreativewritingtask. B．Abookonherownstory.C．Afamousartisticwork. D．Adiaryofclassicwriters.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要推荐数本让你的2022年更快乐、更光明、更有创造力的书籍。16．【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Todiscovernature小标题下的“UrbanWildbyHelenRookisoutinFebruaryandfullofpositivesuggestionstohelpyoudiscoverwildnessonyourdoorstep.(海伦·鲁克的《都市荒野》将于2月出版，书中充满了帮助你发现家门口荒野的积极建议)”可知UrbanWild的特别之处在于告诉你在城市里发现自然美。故选D项。17．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Togoinforsports小标题下的“AndtheclassicRunningLikeAGirlisstillahugelyinspiringbookthatwillmakeyouwanttopullyoursportsshoesonbeforeyou’vefinishedchaptertwo.(经典的《像女孩一样跑步》仍然是一本非常鼓舞人心的书，它会让你在读完第二章之前就想穿上运动鞋)”可知RunningLikeAGirl这本书能激发你对运动的热爱。故选C项。18．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Tofindyourcreativity小标题下的“HerprogramforcreativerecoverybeginswiththeMorningPages,adailywritingritualofthreepagesofstream-of-conscious(她恢复创造力的计划从MorningPages开始，这是一种每天三页的意识流写作仪式)”可知MorningPages是一种创造性的写作任务。故选A项。Passage7（2022·湖北·黄冈中学模拟预测）GraphicNovel(漫画小说)MakingContest2022June1-July31,2022Allcomicsfans,artists,andstorytellers:YouareinvitedtoenterSanJosePublicLibrary’sGraphicNovelMakingContestforallages.SubmissionGuidelines●Createyourowngraphicnovelwithamaximumlengthof8pages.●Eachsubmissionmustbethecreativeandoriginalworkofthesubmittingauthor/illustrator.●Computergeneratedimagesareacceptableaslongastheyareyouroriginalwork.●Entriesareencouragedtobesubmitteddigitallybyemailingtographicnovels@(asaPNG,JPEG,orPDFattachment).Digitalentriescanbesubmittednolaterthan11:59pmonJuly31,2022.●EntriescanalsobesubmittedtoanyoperatingSanJoséPublicLibrarylocationnolaterthantheendofthebusinessdayonJuly31,2022.AgeGroupsandPrizes●Children(0-9)&Pre-Teens(10-12):Giftandartsupplybasketsawardedforfirst,second,andthirdplacewinnersofeachgroup.Artsupplypouches(小袋子)fortwohonorablementionwinnersofeachgroup.●Teens(13-17):Firstplace$100;secondplace$75;thirdplace$50.Artsupplypouchesfortwohonorablementionwinners.●Adults(18+):Firstplace$100;secondplace$75;thirdplace$50.Anartsupplypouchforonehonorablementionwinner.Allcashprizeswillbeawardedasgiftcards.AwardsCeremonySavethedateforourvirtualAwardsCeremonyonAugust28,2022at2:00-4:00pm.Atthisawardsceremony,contestwinnerswillbeannouncedandguestspeakerswillofferinspirationalmessagestocontestparticipants.Registertoreceiveavideoconferencinginvitation.19．Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A．Submittingcomputergeneratedimages. B．EmailingyourentryonJuly30,2022.C．Sendingagraphicnovelof10pages. D．MailingyourentrytoSanJosePublicLibrary.20．Whatwilla16-year-oldfirstprizewinnerget?A．$75incash. B．A$100giftcard.C．Anartsupplypouch. D．Agiftandartsupplybasket.21．WhatdoweknowabouttheAwardsCeremony?A．Itwillbeheldonline. B．ItwilltakeplaceonJuly31,2022.C．Winnerswillgivespeechesatit. D．Winnerswillgetitsinvitationinadvance.【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于《2022年漫画小说制作比赛》的相关事宜。19．【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的第一个小标题SubmissionGuidelines中的第一点“Createyourowngraphicnovelwithamaximumlengthof8pages.(创作自己的漫画小说，长度不超过8页。)”可知，参赛作品的最大长度限制是8页，所以一部长度为10页的漫画小说将会被取消资格。故选C项。20．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由文章的第二个小标题AgeGroupsandPrizes中的第二点“Teens(13-17):Firstplace$100;secondplace$75;thirdplace$50.Artsupplypouchesfortwohonorablementionwinners.(青少年（13-17岁）：第一名100美元；第二名75美元；第三名50美元。两位荣誉获奖者将获得艺术用品袋。)”以及最后一句话“Allcashprizeswillbeawardedasgiftcards.(所有现金奖励将以礼品卡形式发放。)”可知，一位16岁的第一名获奖者将会得到一张价值100美元的礼品卡。故选B项。21．【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由文章最后一个小标题AwardsCeremony中的“Savethedateforour